Wang Guoguang (Ming Dynasty politician, financier, literary scholar) Catalog Character Biography Historical Evaluation Main Achievements Personal Works Other Information Ming History Records

Wang Guoguang (1512–1594) was a native of Yangcheng, Mingze Prefecture (present-day Yangcheng County, Jincheng, Shanxi). Jiajing twenty-three years (1544) jinshi, officials to the official Shangshu, official fortunes ups and downs, several advances and retreats, before and after forty years of politics, is a famous politician, treasurer and writer of the Ming Dynasty, during the Wanli years to assist Zhang Juzheng to implement reforms, the rise of Wanli has a positive role.

The real name is Wang Guoguang Character Ruguan is located in the Ming Dynasty

Date of Birth 1512 Date of Death Date 1594 Major achievements in politicians, financiers, and writers

<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="10" > directory</h1>

1 Biography

2 Historical evaluation

3 Major achievements

4 individual works

5 Additional Information

6 Ming history records

<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="17" > character biography</h1>

Wang Guoguang (1512~1594) was a native of Yangcheng, Mingze Prefecture (present-day Yangcheng County, Jincheng, Shanxi). [1] [2] Politicians and financiers in the early Ming Dynasty, the three emperors of Shizong, Muzong and Shenzong, engaged in political activities for more than 40 years and played a positive role in promoting the "Wanli Zhongxing" of the Ming Dynasty. The "Wanli Accounting Record" written by him was the theoretical basis for Zhang Juzheng, a university scholar, to implement the "one whip" method to reform the tax system, and later became the standard for land endowment in the Ming and Qing dynasties. Because of the official Shangshu, it is called "Tianguan", and the former residence of Wang Guoguang is called "Tianguan Wangfu" by posterity.

Wang Guoguang entered the army in Jiajing Jiachen (1544). He successively served as the county of Wujiang and Yifeng (ancient county name, in the area of present-day Lankao County, Henan Province). Later, he was promoted to the rank of Governor of the Military Department and the Right Attendant of the Household Department. He resigned due to illness. In the fourth year of Longqing (1570), he became the right attendant of the Hubu Andibu and was transferred to the Shangshu of the Nanjing Punishment Department. Before the end of his post, he was changed to the right servant of the household department and then supervised the warehouse. In the first year of the Wanli Dynasty (1573), he was appointed as the Head of the Hubu Shangshu and resigned after 3 years of service. In the fifth year of the Wanli Dynasty (1577), he served as an official Shangshu. With the performance appraisal plus the prince Taibao, Sheng Guanglu Doctor, served for 6 years. He served as a household official during the ten years that Zhang Juzheng, a cabinet scholar, presided over the imperial government. After Zhang's death, he was impeached by the opposition and deposed, and later the emperor remembered his exploits and ordered him to be reinstated as a former official Zhishi (retired). Guoguang Shan poetry book, the tour to the end, that is, the inscription poem waving, there are many relics. His poems and words give people a sense of elegance and excellence. He is the author of "Wang Shu'an's Draft", which exists today.

During his tenure, due to the fierce fighting in the palace, Wang Guoguang was impeached many times and forced to return to Nanyang. After returning home, he first built the family temple with the help of the villagers, which is now the Jade Emperor Temple. The Wufeng Tower on the ridge of the north hall of the temple was specially transported back from the capital. Because some people in the DPRK had always wanted to kill him, they also secretly sent people to follow him back to Nanyang. Rumors spread everywhere that Wang Guoguang had made mistakes in the DPRK and provoked the ministers, and some people in the family had also vaguely heard about him committing a major crime in the DPRK and had been deposed and returned home. Some timid and fearful clansmen were afraid of the Nine Tribes, so they spread evil rumors everywhere, and finally drove Wang Guoguang's family out of their homes and out of Nanyang Village. Forced by helplessness, Wang Guoguang's family hid in a cave in Nangou near Nanyang Village, which is now the Wang Guoguang Cave in Shanghe Village within the boundary of Yangcheng. After things stabilized, he moved with his family to Shangzhuang Village in Runcheng Town, Yangcheng County.

<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="22" > historical evaluation</h1>

Wang Guoguang is a successful politician, but his career is full of drama. After he entered the army in the twenty-third year of Jiajing (1544), he was awarded the title of Wujiang Zhi County, and later transferred to Yifeng, promoted to the chief of the military department, and changed to the official department, serving as the Wenxuan Langzhong. The right attendant of the thousand household department. In the fourth year of Longqing (1570), he served as the left attendant of the Punishment Department, and was worshiped as the Shangshu of the Nanjing Punishment Department, but before he could take office, he was reappointed to the Hubu Department. In the third year of the Wanli Dynasty (1575), Wang Guoguang was impeached by the Nanjing Zhishi and Yushi in the examination of the Capital Officials, and he resolutely resigned in a letter until the following year. In the winter of the fifth year of the Wanli Dynasty (1577), the official Shangshu Zhang Han was deposed, and Wang Guoguang was replaced by him. In the following years, Wang Guoguang was repeatedly impeached on several charges, such as nepotism and nepotism, and damage to public wealth and private interests, and the emperor was angry and dismissed from his post, but soon after, he was reinstated to his official position. From the military department to the household department, from the punishment department to the official department, almost all important departments have had his footprints, and there have been interruptions in the middle of the way, and there have been several ups and downs, but because of his outstanding contributions, it is still impossible to erase his political achievements. His most prominent contribution was to the macro-control of the country's grain when he was in the Ministry of Households. When he was in charge of grain storage and cashiering, social development, population growth, and constant wars on the frontier, and peasant uprisings broke out from time to time in the interior, so it was of great significance to manage the granaries well. Under the circumstance that the development of grain was far from keeping up with the prosperity and development of society and the growth rate of population, Wang Guoguang made careful calculations and controlled grain in an all-round way. He promoted the method of "caring for officials under the heavens," made overall arrangements for various grain channels, and firmly held the power of grain access in and out of the state, thus playing a very crucial role in alleviating grain shortages. His most successful political career was in the early years of the Wanli Calendar. At that time, The Divine Sect had just ascended the throne, and the call for reform was the highest. Wang Guoguang also reformed a series of outdated old systems and old orders. At that time, official documents such as Bo Mu were very complicated and redundant, and from the prefectures and counties to the ministries, whether it was various departments or specific undertakers, there were unspeakable sufferings. Wang Ben drastically carried out the abolition and merger, removing nearly half of the red tape, making things convenient and easy; the thirteenth department of the household department was small because the office was small, and the officials were sitting in shifts, resulting in more and more serious ills, so wang vigorously acted, changed the previous shortcomings, and ordered all officials to join the office of the bureau and perform their duties, which was a great improvement in work efficiency; the border customs military salaries were not reported, and the expenditure and receipts were not documented, wang ordered the local border ministers to verify the income and expenditure, and planned a long-term plan to report, so that consumption and waste were sharply reduced; he also set up a "sitting grain hall." The special supervision of military grain has greatly facilitated the armies, and the whole country has been merged into the qiangu scattered in various divisions, reducing unnecessary waste. His approach, which had an immediate effect, reflected his agile economic acumen.

<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="25" > major achievements</h1>

In the twenty-second year of the Wanli Calendar (1594), he left this human life that he had loved and hated, leaving behind the "Records of the Accounting of Wanli" and the "Manuscript of Wang Shu'an's Rate", which proved his great talent.

In July of the sixth year of Longqing (1572) (when Emperor Shenzong had already ascended the throne), he was appointed as the Hubu Shangshu, and during his tenure, he edited the "Accounting Record of Wanli" with the attendant Li Youzi and others, which took "more than a year" to compile into a book. And in the fourth year of the Wanli Calendar (1576), on the fifteenth day of February, Guoguang again begged for rest, and the Divine Sect promised it, and the fate was passed on. On the twenty-fourth day of February, Guoguang was on the verge of traveling, and entered the books collected, please publish them in China and abroad, Gengyin (that is, on the twenty-sixth day) was rewarded with the will, and the book was revised and written into the book (Records of the Divine Sect, vol. 47 and the original music of Wang Guoguang). This is a blueprint for the accounting record.

<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="29" > personal work</h1>

In the fourth year of Jiajing (1525), on the Qingming Festival, liu Yuchun, a teenager from the same township, climbed Lutai Mountain in Feng Village, Qinshui County, and left a final sentence:

Winding path climbing cliff climbing deer platform,

The world is a beautiful scenery of Small Penglai.

The nebula is quiet in the forest day and night,

Xian Le came from the Sky Palace.

Tianchi is like a mirror-encrusted mountain song,

Stone spring ding dong in the middle of the mountain.

Chang'e heard the vocal music and danced,

Obsessed with the palace of the world.

Later poem "Senma"

Xianju is far away in the west of the water clouds, and once he enters the qing and the underworld, he is low.

Pulling up the earth stone fine plate tiger leopard, supporting the Tianhua watch hanging rainbow.

Yokohama Jincuiguang is suspicious, and he is confused by stepping on Lang Jie.

The hidden worm book rings on the four walls, and the future is still a title.

<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="45" > additional information</h1>

There is a record of Wang Guoguang in the Ming Dynasty notes:

[Old Man Fishing Color] Shanxi Yangcheng King Dazai Guoguang, when hughed, he was more than seventy years old, still healthy to drink, and the royal daughter was as young as a young and strong. In the eighteenth year now, he went to Guofan for nine years, and Shiyang Chengmin Bai Haoli died of illness, and his wife Li Shi, Guo Seye, Wang Sumu Qiyan, and Zhu Zhushengtian Da hunted, and so on, and seduced them as concubines. His name was Bai Shu, and he did not follow it at first, but then he used coercion to cooperate, and then he moved with profit, so he promised to do so. Li Shi swore that it was not more appropriate, and forced it to die with a knife, which was a miracle for a while. According to the chen qiao bi star, he neglected to smell it. After the order was ordered to investigate, it did not stop at the same time. Husbands who are more than eight years old, or who are addicted to advancement, who make money and bribes, there are also people in the world, and as for the fishing color fornication, juvenile tricks, they have not been heard of before. Or the Cloud King's good room technique, so that he is old and does not mourn.

<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="49" > ming history</h1>

Wang Guoguang, Zi Ruguan, Yangcheng people. Jiajing twenty-three years into the soldier. Granted Wujiangzhi County. Neighbors have doubts to interrogate, and the information is affectionate. Tune the instrument seal, and be the head of the promotion department. Change the official department, the calendar of the selection of Lang Zhong. Repeatedly relocated to the right hand man of the household department, the governor of the warehouse. Xie sick to go. Longqing for four years, left shilang of the Punishment Department, and worshiped the Shangshu of the Nanjing Punishment Department. Did not go up, changed the household department, and then supervised the warehouse. The Divine Sect is on the throne and is still in charge. The book of times is cumbersome, and from the prefecture and county to the ministry, there are copies, transmissions, payment of fees, public and private suffering. Guoguang shu please cut and merge, to red tape thirteen four, when called simple. The Thirteenth Division of the Household Department, from Hongzhi, came from the Office pass, but one of the langs ruled the affairs, and the foreign lang and the chief minister stopped the removal of the official day. If Lang Zhongli does not give, he will entrust the official Xu and the disadvantages will be beneficial. Guoguang was ordered to enter the bureau, and the position could be repaired. The side pays the poor, and the side is out of the woods and the field and the superintendent is unsure. Guoguang asked the envoys to verify it, and the painting was long-lasting. Gansu Inspector Liao Fengjie and other articles on the number, the consumption of beetles is a loss.

In the first year of the Wanli Calendar, he said: "At the beginning of the country, the prefectures and counties of Tianxia stored twelve million stones of summer tax and autumn grain. At that time, the Lord was lenient, and in addition to the years, he won more than a million silver. If there is no shortage of signs, then the prefectures and counties will accumulate their own resources, and the thieves of water and drought will not be plagued by disasters. Now there is a shortage of soldiers, and they will stay in Beijing and send out internal funds. If there is a division that is very slow to remain, and if it is urged, it is said to disturb the people, and the disadvantage has come to this point. Please follow the officials of the world, and the governor of the office shall report the number of in-and-out, retention, and negative, and the ministers shall be accommodating and accountable, and the rest of the money shall be taken care of. Those who are ineffective in recruiting are engaged in new orders. "Yes. Those who support the Food and Transportation Prefecture of the Beijing Army are waiting for a very difficult time. Guoguang asked The Minister lang to sit in the grain hall and check the hair, and within three days, the armies would be relieved. The World Qiangu is scattered among the divisions, and Guoguang please submit and instruct: the prefecture and county of Qifufu are returned to the Fujian Division, the Nanqi Is returned to the Sichuan Division, the Salt Division is returned to the Shandong Division, the customs duties are returned to the Guizhou Division, the Huai, Xu, Lin, and De Zhucang are returned to the Yunnan Division, and the Imperial Horse, Elephant House, and the Twenty-four Horse Houses are returned to the Guangxi Division. Customized.

For three years, Kyocha picked up the pieces. Guoguang was impeached by Nanjing and Yushi. If you beg again, Dite will stay. Next year' restoration, please, is the edict to pass on. Endangered, in the name of the ordinance "Wanli Accounting Record". Di Jiaqi paid attention to the national plan and ordered the household department to revise. and the book, the edict. In the winter of the fifth year, the official Shangshu Zhang Han resigned and started the Guang dynasty. Chen Cai's practical government, don't be complicated and simple, keep the order, sympathize with lowly officials, and strike a number of things in Ghana, all of which are allowed. Looking for performance appraisal, add the prince Taibao. For eight years, when inspecting foreign officials, please do not limit the date. He who decreed it, and commanded the wrong ones to obey the snow of public debate. Next year, the beijing officials of the Great Plan, Zhang Juzhengyi, Wu Zhongxing and five other people were registered.

Guoguang has wisdom. At the beginning of the state plan, many built white. And it is subject to governance, and its reputation is damaged. In the matter, Shang Shangzhong was loyal to Guo Guangquan to choose his own relatives, while Zhang Shi was sent out as a Henan you, regretting Guoguang, and impeaching his officials for goods. Guoguang played the debate again, the emperor re-comforted, and the blamed world took advantage of it and degraded the true cheng. and Ju Zhengjian, Yushi Yang Yinqiu impeached Guoguang for six crimes. The emperor was furious and fell into his post and stayed idle. Already, remembering his labor, he was ordered to reinstate the official. [1]