Mulberry trees can be planted in most areas. Mulberry trees have the characteristics of fast growth, strong adaptability and wide range of uses. Mulberry trees have important economic value and ecological value, and play a good role in promoting the development of sericulture industry and ecological environmental protection. Therefore, it is very important to improve the cultivation efficiency of mulberry trees. The key points of mulberry cultivation technology are as follows, and some pest control strategies are proposed to promote the cultivation of mulberry trees with high yield.
Mulberry trees are wild perennials with a high yield of more than 10a. In order to cultivate mulberry trees, mulberry trees should be continuously planted continuously to expand the planting scale of mulberry trees and achieve efficient planting. The selection of mulberry seedlings should be strictly approved to ensure that they are adapted to local planting conditions. For example, you can choose other excellent varieties such as Yunsang No. 1, Toyota No. 5, Jialing No. 20, etc. At the same time, in order to ensure that the mulberry tree has excellent quality, pure varieties, fresh and complete root system, complete stems, and sufficient winter buds, to prevent the isolation of harmful organisms in mulberry quarantine, it is better to graft seedlings of annual mulberry trees. Select; According to the size of the mulberry seedlings, prune the branches of the main root system of the mulberry seedlings and soak the roots of the seedlings with mud for planting. The "6215" mulberry planting mode can be introduced, and the triangular plants with a wide behavior of 2 m, a narrow behavior of 0.67 m, and a plant spacing of 0.5 m can be planted, and 800 to 1,000 plants per acre can be planted.
Mulberry cultivation is usually suitable for winter and early spring. It can be set between December of the same year and mid-March of the following year. The soil temperature is maintained at 10-12 degrees, and the moisture content is 70%-80%. Survival is higher. When planting, according to the plant spacing of 15 to 20cm, shallow planting of mulberry saplings along the line by shoveling method, planting 5000~6000 mulberry saplings per 667m2, planting mulberry trees of all sizes. Next, we need to soak the root water, cut off the upper stem at about 10 cm above the ground, and then fix the plant. In dry weather, it is necessary to spray water and effectively protect the seedlings.
Water management must be strengthened in the maintenance of mulberry plants to prevent drought from affecting the growth of mulberry trees. The surface of the cultivated land can be covered with weeds or artificial materials to achieve the purpose of keeping warm and waterproof, reducing water loss and weed growth, and preventing soil agglomeration; after entering the dry season, attention should be paid to irrigation, and effectively implement artificial drainage in the case of frequent rainy seasons. Ensure that the moisture content in the soil of the mulberry garden is appropriate to prevent the death of mulberry saplings or root rot; weeds should be removed in time, especially after rain, weeding work should be carried out to prevent soil agglomeration, while loosening the soil and protecting the root system from damage. In addition, to master the fertilization technology of mulberry trees, the appropriate fertilization frequency and fertilizer amount should be determined according to the growth of mulberry trees. In general, the fertilization amount of mulberry saplings is: use a compound fertilizer of 5~10kg/hm2 or 10~15kg/hm2 on the land. Take care to avoid using too much fertilizer on mulberry seedlings at one time and strictly adhere to the principle of small doses many times.
In the daily management of mulberry trees, they should be planted reasonably. The number of times the soil should be cultivated should be no less than 3 times a year. The times are spring, summer and autumn. In spring and summer, the tillage depth should be controlled at 10 cm. In winter, the tillage depth should be around 20 cm. At the same time, the "663" cultivation method was used to form a low and medium tree type. When the diameter of the young tree reaches about 2.5 cm, bud grafting is performed at a distance of 20 cm from the ground. Trim the branches at a height of 20 cm and use them as the main branches. The following year, the branches are cut 10 cm high from the annual branches and used as secondary branches to form a tree shape. Thereafter, 2 to 3 branches remain each year. About 0.5 to 0.7 cm above the apical bud should be left for reverse bevel trimming. When the type of tree is too high, the secondary branches will be cut off at the waist, and then 2 to 3 buds will be left each year when cut down. Summer cutting should be carried out as uniformly as possible. Usually, cut off branches on flat ground or flat fists. Cutting should be carried out in clear weather, and the cutting should be kept smooth, flat, and mulberry bark and base wood should not be cut to prevent mulberry impact germination.
In order to control mulberry diseases and insect pests, from the bud germination stage to the defoaming stage, the use of 2000 times liquid 40% Wanling wettable powder or 2000 times liquid 90% dimethods crystals and other pesticides to control the moths and leaf worms in mulberry leaves. The toxicity residual period for subsequent pests in winter is 15 days. When leaves are used for silkworm farming, if the pest damages the mulberry tree, 40% Lego and 80% Dichlorvos Emulsion can be used in a 1:1 ratio, diluted into 1000 times the liquid, and the silkworm moth can be cut. , pests such as mulberry thrips and cinnabar pests, the residual period is 5 to 7 days; spray 50% carbendazim, 70% methyl tolbuzin, etc. 1000 times to prevent sanghry powdery mildew, mulberry leaf disease, etc.; 25% can be used for mulberry rust anti-rust wettable powder 1000 times liquid spray prevention and control, and its residual toxicity is 7 days. During this time, the mulberry leaves must be tested before feeding the silkworms to avoid pesticide poisoning.
The various pests in mulberry trees usually have natural enemies and insects. They should exert an inhibitory effect and maintain ecological balance while saving effort. For example, the mulberry inchworm belly cocoon bee can control mulberry inchworm, the small dragon can control mulberry, the small black ant and the small bee can control the mulberry beetle, the wild silkworm black egg bee can control the mulberry silkworm, the mulberry yellow black bee can control the mulberry borer, the cocoon bee can control the mulberry borer, and so on. As long as these natural enemies exist, the pests of mulberry trees will decrease. In mulberry gardens, poultry can also be properly bred and the harm of pests to mulberry trees can be reduced. For example, poultry such as chickens and geese that nest during the day allow them to eat weeds and pests in the garden to reduce the harm of grass and insects. For example, chickens can prey on mulberry tree pests such as mulberry rulers, mulberry silkworm caterpillars, mulberry borers, scarab beetles, etc.
For large and diminutive mulberry pests such as beetles and leafworms, growers should pay attention to observing mulberry gardens and control them by manually removing their eggs or larvae. If eggs, leaves, mulberry grasses, wild cocoons and mulberry caterpillars are found, they must be removed in time. Adult scarabs have the characteristics of suspended animation and can be discarded with sticks to collect and kill while eating and mating at night. During the process of cleaning the mulberry garden in winter, the mulberry eggs and wild silkworm eggs on the trunk can be artificially scraped to prevent pests from multiplying. As a rule, diseased branches and diseased leaves should be removed in time, for example when the mulberry bud is deflected. Remove buds, mulberry leaves suffering from brown spot disease, mulberry leaves that are harmed by mulberry lice, etc. After the mulberry garden is completed, after the discovery of mulberry sclerotia, the diseased fruits on the ground and the diseased fruits on the trees must be removed in time. Mulberry gardens are burned or buried deep to prevent the accumulation and spread of mulberry sclerotia bacteria.
Mulberry trees are very popular tree species in regional economic development and ecological engineering construction, taking into account economic and ecological benefits, short-term and long-term benefits, in the actual work should do a good job in seedling selection, land preparation, planting and other work. While maintaining and other technical operations, strengthen the comprehensive control of common diseases and insect pests, effectively improve the cultivation efficiency of mulberry trees, make them give full play to their value, and promote economic and social development.