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Neolamprologus kungweensis (four-eyed shell),
Environment: Muddy bottom area
Length: four-eyed male fish about 4 cm, female fish about 3 to 3.5 cm,
Food: omnivorous, artificial feeding can be used flakes, pellet feed, live bait
Water quality: 23 ~ 26 °C, hard water, pH 7.5 ~ 8.3
Fish tank: more than 60 liters, more than 2 feet tank is better, need sand and shells and other hiding places
Sex: The four-eyed male is larger, with a transparent dorsal fin, and the female is smaller and has one to two large eye spots
The male blue-eyed shellfish has many transverse stripes on the side of the body (also has a dorsal fin), and the female has bright yellow spots on the abdomen, and the edges of the scales have black spots in the shape of dots
Features: The dorsal fin of the four-eyed motherfish has large eye spots, and the blue-eyed shell orbit is blue
Habits: Slightly territorial and aggressive, good to live on the muddy bottom and more than a few holes (tunnels)
Breeding: Matrix breeding type, laying non-sticky eggs in a muddy tunnel, monogamous
Description: Four-eyed oyster and blue-eyed oyster are easily confused species, the earliest described species is from Tanzania's Bulu point, and all are female fish, in the same year also collected another fish in the Moba region of the Congo, Poll named blue-eyed oyster, may be the opportunity to happen to be all male fish, later found that Tanzania's four-eyed shell has a very obvious male and female two types: the female fish has large eye spots on the dorsal fin, but the male fish's dorsal fin is transparent, because the two fish are similar in morphology, Coupled with the unusual typical composition, the two fish were mistakenly inferred to be the same species, and it was only later that it was clearly pointed out that the two fish were different because of the blue-eyed shellfish found in Zambia
Four-eyed and blue-eyed shellfish mainly live in the flat muddy bottom to dig a nest, the diameter of the cave is about 1 cm and about 12 cm deep, these caves are not vertical but dug at a certain angle, both male and female have their own caves and more than one, about 50 cm from each other, they mainly eat planktonic animals and invertebrates dug from the soil, and even small fish that want to hide in their holes, and the caves they dig have become an ideal trap for catching reptiles.
These two kinds of mud breeding fish are often monogamous, and their living area includes all the caves of male and female individuals, the eggs are laid in the caves of female fish, the value of which is that this egg is non-sticky, and it is interesting that one of the cichlids living in Central America (Hypsophrys nicaraguensis) is also a non-sticky egg, and it was recently found that he also dug a hole in the mud floor of the river bottom to breed! These examples show a correlation with each other: when breeding in a collapsible cave, eggs and juveniles cannot stick to the substrate, and the most obvious benefit of this phenomenon is that the sand that falls when the cave collapses does not bury the lighter eggs to suffocate the eggs. Another controversial argument is that non-sticky eggs can be the beginning of an oral hatching pattern in the process of adapting to a slurry cave life: broodstock can easily move eggs from damaged burrows to undamaged burrows by mouth, or alternately leave the eggs in their mouths until the juveniles hatch independently. Of course, the formation of oral incubation did not develop overnight, so this statement is not perfect.
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