Integrated control measures for twill moths and beet moths in organic vegetable production
Ye Lanzhen and others
Fund Project: Shanghai Jinshan District Science and Technology Innovation Fund Project - Exploration and Application Demonstration of The Practice of Integrated Control Technology of Organic Vegetable Production of Two Kinds of Noctuidae Moths.
The prevention and control of diseases and insect pests in organic agriculture should be based on prevention, and the ecological control technology is adopted, that is, crops are required to rely on themselves to resist the external adverse environment under the condition of natural growth, so the establishment of environmental conditions that are not conducive to the occurrence of diseases and insect pests and conducive to the reproduction and proliferation of natural enemies of pests is the core of disease and pest control in organic agriculture. Twill nocturnal moth and beet nocturnal moth belong to the Lepidoptera noctiaceae family, which is a world pest with mixed food, wide distribution and intermittent occurrence, which is difficult to control and has caused serious harm to vegetable production in Shanghai in recent years. Since 2017, The Jinshan District of Shanghai has launched a three-year "National Organic Product Certification Demonstration Zone" to create a work, and 100 hm 2 vegetable fields in the whole district have declared organic product certification. Shanghai Lanbin Ecological Agriculture Professional Cooperative declared organic food certification for the 2 hm 2 consecutive greenhouse planting areas in the base in 2017, and successfully entered the organic conversion period in 2018; in the same year, it applied for the Scientific and Technological Innovation Fund Project of jinshan District Science and Technology Commission - the exploration and application demonstration of the integrated control technology of two kinds of nocturnal moths in organic vegetable production. Relying on the implementation of this project, we have summarized the integrated control technology of twill moth and beet moth in organic vegetable production, which is introduced as follows.
1 Forecast forecast
Accurate prediction and forecasting is the basis for scientific pest control, and can be detected and reported by frequency vibration insecticidal lamps, automatic insect detection and detection lamps and sex attractants. Turn on the lights in March and April, such as an average of more than 10 moths per lamp per day, indicating that it has entered the peak period of pests, and the day with the largest amount of moths is the peak period for the occurrence of pests, and the appropriate period for prevention and control can be calculated according to the peak period. In 2018, the twill nocturnal moth and beet moth in the vegetable field of Jinshan District, Shanghai occurred moderately heavily, the temperature gradually increased after the rainy season, typhoons and thunderstorms occurred frequently, the environmental conditions were very conducive to the occurrence and reproduction of the two kinds of nocturnal moths, and the twill moth and the beet moth entered the peak period of occurrence from July to August.
2 Agricultural control
Agricultural control measures are the premise of scientific pest control, and cultivation management measures such as water and drought rotation, deep turning, and intercropping can be used to control the number and degree of harm of nocturnal moths. Although the nocturnal moth has a miscellaneous diet, but its degree of harm to different crops has a certain degree of difference, when the occurrence of nocturnal moths is more serious, it should be avoided to plant cross-flowered crops such as kale and cauliflower in succession to truncate its food chain; protect the natural enemies of the twill moth, such as black egg bees, red-eyed bees, small cocoon bees, large-legged bees, bees, spiders, etc., to provide a good growth environment for vegetable crops; combined with agricultural operations to clean the countryside, timely remove the eggs of nocturnal moths and the leaves of young larvae that have not yet dispersed, and artificially kill the elderly larvae; vegetable crops are cleared in time after harvest It is necessary to bring the remaining plants and fallen leaves to the outside of the garden for treatment, turn the soil deeply, kill some larvae and pupae, and artificially improve the ecological conditions.
3 Biological and physical control
3.1 Pheromone booby-trap techniques
3.1.1 How to use
The use of insect pheromones to trap and kill male insects, so that the nocturnal moth male-female ratio is out of balance to reduce the number of its next generation. Sex attractants are used from April to November each year. The incidence of nocturnal moths is small from April to May, and the suspension attractants can predict the insect situation; June to September is the peak period of the harm of nocturnal moths, and the suspension attractants in the protected area are an effective method for hunting nocturnal moths; the population density of nocturnal moths in October and November is reduced, and the activity of adult insects is reduced, and the use of sexual attractants to trap adult insects can reduce their spawning capacity and reduce the density of the overwintering insect population. According to the occurrence of nocturnal moths, the outer dense and internal sparse method is used to arrange the trap, and 1 to 2 traps are placed every 667 m2, and the lure core is 1 to 1.5 m from the ground (the suspension height is ≤ 70 cm, which is not conducive to the divergence of pheromones; the suspension height is ≥ 200 cm, because the adult flight ability is not strong, and the purpose of booby trap cannot be achieved). Replace the lure core according to the "Instructions for Use", generally once in 4 to 6 weeks. After the core is used for a period of time, the insect trap effect is reduced, and the 2 can be used together to reduce production costs.
3.1.2 Daily Management and Precautions
During the peak period of the nocturnal moth, the insect bottle under the trap is cleaned once every 2 to 3 days, and it should be cleaned every day in the summer high temperature to avoid the decay and odor of the insect body affecting the use effect of pheromones; the dead insects collected can be used as feed or dug pits to bury, and cannot be discarded in the field at will; because the sex attractant is highly sensitive, the operator should wash his hands before installing or replacing the core to avoid contamination of the pheromone. According to the test results, it is recommended to use the twill nocturnal moth and beet nocturnal moth core produced by Ningbo Nukang Biotechnology Co., Ltd.
3.2 Food seduction techniques
Biological food trap is a centralized booby-trap technology developed by using the biological characteristics of insect adult insects to locate the host through plant volatile selection, which has the advantages of male and female killing, broad spectrum, large amount of booby trap, environmental protection and safety. Food trap technique is generally used 1 to 3 days before the peak of pest feathering or after 4 p.m. when adult insects appear in large numbers, and 1 to 3 food traps are placed every 667 m2. The food trap can be used with a trap or a sticky worm plate, which should be hung above the top of the crop for more than 20 cm.
3.3 Insecticidal lamp insect trap technology
3.3.1 How to use
Insecticidal lamp insect attraction is a physical control technology that uses the characteristics of pests such as photometry, wave orientation and color trending with high-voltage power grid contact killing insects, which has the functions of killing adult insects, reducing the amount of eggs falling in the field, lowering the base of insect mouths, reducing the amount of pesticide use and the number of uses. At present, 10 frequency vibration insecticidal lamps have been installed in the vegetable production base of Shanghai Lanbin Ecological Agriculture Co., Ltd. The insecticidal lamp is used from April to November each year, mainly from April to July to booby traps small cabbage moths and small ground tigers, and from August to October, it is mainly used to trap twill moths and beet moths. Open-field cultivation of low-stalk crops such as cruciferous and onions, etc., the hanging height of insecticidal lamps is 65 to 75 cm, which should not exceed 80 cm; facility cultivation of trellis crops such as cucumbers, cowpeas, tomatoes and other plots, the height of the hanging lamp is about 100 cm, and should not exceed 120 cm. The pest control area of the single lamp of the insecticidal lamp is 2 to 3.33 hm 2, and the continuous tablet use effect is better, and the lamp is turned on every day from 7 pm to about 6 o'clock in the morning of the 2nd day to attract insects.
3.3.2 Routine Maintenance
Brush the high-pressure touch net of the insecticidal lamp in time. Turn off the power when brushing the net, use the brush to brush back and forth along the high-voltage network cable, the action should be light, and the insect debris and other debris on the net should be removed. The insecticidal bag of the insecticidal lamp is cleaned once in 3 days, and the bag is cleared once a day in the summer high temperature season.
4 Pharmaceutical control
In the production of organic vegetables, direct control measures are only taken when the population of pests reaches the control index (that is, the economic threshold), and biological and mineral-derived agents are generally used to control the twill moth and the beet moth. In order to effectively control the harm of the two kinds of nocturnal moths and ensure the quality and safety of vegetable products, we selected five kinds of biologically derived agents such as matrine, bacillus breveli, thuringiensis, aerantostomus, and nuclear polyhedrovirus, and carried out comparative tests on the efficacy of different doses of different agents to control the two nocturnal moths. The experimental results show that the five kinds of drugs have a certain control effect on the twill nocturnal moth and the beet nocturnal moth, of which the prevention effect of the short stable bacillus is the best. In order to save production costs and take into account the control effect, the nocturnal moth larvae can choose to use short stable bacillus 800-1 000 times liquid, matrine 800 times liquid, Thuyunjin bacillus 800 times liquid control, nocturnal moth during the peak period of short stable bacillus 600 times liquid or matrine 600 times liquid control. According to the insect population density, it is controlled 1 to 2 times in 1 generation, and the interval is 7 to 10 days. Spraying before or after 10 o'clock every day is the best, the front and back of the leaves should be sprayed, the agent is sprayed directly on the insect body and its food, so that the touch killing, stomach poisoning at the same time, enhance the poison killing effect. In production, the alternating use of bio-derived agents with different mechanisms of action can effectively avoid or delay the development of resistance of noctuidae moths.
5 Summary
Through experiments, the research group screened out the more ideal agents and sex attractants for the control of two kinds of nocturnal moths from 5 kinds of biological pesticides and 3 kinds of sex attractants, determined the dosage and time of use of the drugs, and provided a scientific nocturnal moth control technology for the production of organic vegetables in the vegetable fields transferred to the organic certification transition period in Jinshan District. The experimental results show that the use of the above integrated control technology in organic vegetable production can reduce the number of drugs 3 to 5 times a year, reduce the dosage by 10% to 15%, and save 80 to 120 yuan per 667 m2; the yield of kale 667 m2 reaches 3 150 kg, and the yield of cauliflower 667 m2 reaches 1 012 kg. At the same time, precision application reduces the damage of the agent to the natural enemies of pests, reduces the pollution of the drug to people's living environment, protects the ecological environment of the vegetable production base, and improves the quality of vegetable products.