Foreword: In January, roche worm club has shared the relevant knowledge of Japanese round-winged to everyone (insect friends who have not seen it can click "teach you to know the unpopular Japanese round-winged spade" article to check), today we will follow up the science popularization, introduce the round-wing spade variety in Taiwan, China's treasure island. ”
There are a total of 5 species (6 subspecies in total) of round-winged spades in Taiwan Province, namely red-winged spade, small round-winged spade, mud-winged spade (including 2 subspecies), large round-winged spade, and Chinese round-winged spade. Existing academic studies have shown that their ancestors came to the mainland of the motherland and evolved into existing varieties after geographical isolation.
Among them, the red round wing is the closest to the small round wing, and the geographical distribution is related and overlapping; the appearance of the red round wing and the mud round wing are very similar; the two subspecies of the mud round wing are close to each other, and the habitat distribution is related but does not overlap. Let's get to know the round-winged spade armor of Taiwan Province!
I. Red Round Wing Spade (Neolucanus swinhoei)
Distributed in the mountainous areas below 1500 meters above sea level in taiwan, it belongs to the dominant group, and the main activity season of adult insects is from August to October, and they like to crawl on the ground during the day and like to suck the sap of citrus and shelled plants. The body color is black , the wings are orange-red , and a few individuals are black brown to nearly black.
The male has a short jaw, an upper tooth process at the end, a serrated process on the medial side, a wide wing sheath, and a length of the tarsal segment of the middle posterior foot that is longer than the anterior foot, and the body length is about 29-54 mm. Females have wide wings and a body length of about 28–42 mm.
Neolucanus eugeniae
Distributed in southern Taiwan, the small round-winged spade beetle occurs from August to September, the body color is black, the wing sheath is mostly black, and a few individuals are orange-brown to dark brown.
The male has a short jaw, the inner side has a serrated process, the wing sheath has a significant luster, and the body length is generally 23 to 34 mm; the female insect wing sheath has a clear luster, with a body length of about 23 to 33 mm.
Small round-winged red individuals
Small round-winged black individuals
3. Clay Round Wing Spade (Neolucanus doro)
There are two subspecies of the mud round wing in Taiwan Province: the original subspecies Neolucanus doro doro and the Neolucanus doro horaguchii.
1. The original name of the mud round-winged spade is a subspecies
It is distributed in the mountains at an altitude of 200 to 2000 meters, and the adult insects occur from August to October, and they like to crawl on the ground during the day.
The male has a short jaw, an upper tooth process at the end, and 4-5 tooth processes on the medial side. The body color is black, the wing sheath is mostly black, a few individuals are orange-brown to black brown, the gloss of the wing sheath is lower, the color is less lustrous, the sides of the wing margin are more parallel, the curvature is smaller, and the length of the tarsal segment of the middle posterior foot is shorter than that of the tibia. The female wing sheath is particularly rounded and wide.
The mud round wing spade and the red round wing are more similar, and the identification points are: the edge of the elytra, the tooth shape, and the length of the tarsal joint.
Mud round wing spade: the edge of the elytra is relatively straight, the overall view is more elongated; the tooth shape is close to the right triangle, the end back hook is not obvious, the overall thickness, the inner edge curvature is small and relatively straight; the hexapod segment is shorter, and the hind foot is the most obvious.
Red round wing spade: the edge of the wing sheath is more rounded, the body shape is fatter, the tooth curve is larger (inner), the end back hook is obvious, the overall thinner; the hexadecial tarsal segment is longer.
The mud round wing was originally named subspecies
Mud round wing was originally named subspecies head feature
2. Mud round wing spade mouth subspecies
The main habitat is the mountainous area above 1700 meters above sea level in the Guanwu area of Hsinchu County, and the distribution range is narrow. The peak season for adult insects is from August to October, and they often crawl on the ground during the day and have no phototropism at night.
The male is short and thick, with an upper tooth process at the end, the larger the individual, the more developed the tooth process, the body color is black or orange/red, but the proportion of red or orange elytra is higher.
Compared with the original subspecies, the overall appearance of the mud round wing hole subspecies is closer to that of the red round wing, which is more square and thicker than the original name subspecies, and the hexapod segment is shorter than the red round wing, but it is significantly longer than the original name subspecies, and the gloss of the elytra is also brighter, only the large jaw is similar to the original name subspecies. Some scholars in Taiwan (2007) have argued that it is an independent variety.
Mud round-winged hole mouth subspecies
Iv. Neolucanus maximus vendli
It is one of the subspecies of the large round-winged spade, inhabiting the mountains at an altitude of 1000 to 2000 meters, the adult activity season is from July to September, during the day it prefers to suck sap on the shell family trees, and at night it has phototropism, and can find phototrophotosites under street lamps.
Note: Except for the large round wing, the round-winged spades in Taiwan are all daily-acting spades, and there are few records of nocturnal appearances.
The Large Round-winged Spade Taiwanese subspecies has a body color of tan to dark black brown, with 40-68 mm for males and 40-50 mm for females. The male has a slightly shorter jaw, a large, forward-curved upper tooth process at the base, a smaller upper tooth process near the center, an irregular serrated process on the inside of the end, a well-developed and sharp eye margin, and a wide and rounded wing sheath. Females have well-developed and sharp eye margins, and the wing sheaths are wide and rounded, with luster.
Large round-winged Taiwan subspecies
Attached: There are currently four subspecies of the Large Round-winged Spade:
Neolucanus maximus maximus was originally a subspecies
Neolucanus maximus confucius Indian subspecies
Neolucanus maximus fujitai South Asian species
Neolucanus maximus vendli Taiwan subspecies
V. Neolucanus sinicus taiwanus
It is one of the subspecies of Chinese round-winged spade, mainly distributed in the low-altitude forest north of Hsinchu County, Taiwan ~ Hualien County, typical of the daytime insect, prefer to crawl on the forest road during the day, but the adult occurrence period is different from the same genus of round-winged spades, the main activity season is From May to June.
It belongs to the small round-winged spade carapace, 21-32 mm for males and 18-24 mm for females. The male has a short jaw, an upper tooth process at the end, a serrated process on the inside, a black body color, and a dense dorsal body with fine indices that are frosted and have no obvious luster. The female's body color is covered with fine dots on the back of the black body.
Chinese round-winged Taiwan subspecies
Attached: At present, the data we have found shows that there are a total of 11 subspecies of Chinese round-winged spade (9 subspecies + 2 unnamed subspecies, most of which are produced in China), respectively:
Neolucanus sinicus (Saunders,1854)；
Neolucanus sinicus bisignatus Houlbert,1914；
Neolucanus sinicus championi Parry,1864 ；
Neolucanus sinicus fuliginatus Mizunuma,1994；
Neolucanus sinicus nosei Mizunuma, 1994 ;
Neolucanus sinicus oberthueri Leuthner,1885；
Neolucanus sinensis opacus Boileau,1899 ；
Neolucanus sinicus pseudopacus Houlbert, 1914；
Neolucanus sinicus taiwanus Mizunuma,1994 ；
Neolucanus sinicus ssp.:in Mizunuma et Nagai,1994 ；
Neolucanus sinicus ssp.:in Fujita,2010 ；
Here are two more lists of life habits and appearance characteristics of Taiwanese round-winged shovels, which is convenient for everyone to quickly understand.
Postscript: Originally, this issue wanted to introduce round-winged species in mainland China, but it was not difficult to find, because there are too many varieties, far exceeding Taiwan and Japan. If you want to thoroughly understand the species of the genus Round-winged, you may wish to wait for the publication of "Chinese Shovel Armor 4", and get the information obtained from teacher Chen Changqing, one of the authors of the series of books, this volume will include the content of the genus Round-winged (as well as the genus Of Ghost, The Genus of Glazed Spade, and the Genus of Ant Spade).
If there is any error in the above, I hope that all insect friends will correct it, thank you for reading!
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