In perennial allergic rhinitis, dust mites account for a large proportion of reasons (60-80%), and the dust mites that cause allergies are mainly house dust mites and dust mites. Dust mites prefer a humid and warm environment, the most suitable temperature for survival and reproduction is 25 ° C, the relative humidity is 75%-80%, the southern air is humid, and the spring, summer and autumn are conducive to the growth and reproduction of dust mites.
Dust mites like to eat dandruff from human skin. In the home bedroom mattress, futon and pillow there is dander from the human body, so the dust mites are the most. Dust mites are also common in carpets, curtains, fabric sofas, air-conditioning filters, plush toys and cats and dogs.
The substances that cause allergies to dust mites mainly come from the excrement of dust mites and the shell that has fallen off. Because the dust mites shed very small substances, often attached to the dust suspended in the air, it is easy to enter the airway with the breath to cause respiratory allergic reactions, manifested as allergic rhinitis and asthma.
The World Health Organization who recommends a "four-in-one" treatment regimen for allergic rhinitis: avoidance of allergens, symptomatic drug treatment, allergen-specific immunotherapy, and good patient education.
In order to avoid contact with dust mites, it is recommended that dust mite allergy patients adopt a variety of measures to reduce the number of indoor dust mites and the amount of dust mite allergens as much as possible. Because dust mites are very fertile, they need to take the above measures persistently.
1, the bedroom should be cleaned frequently, often open the window ventilation, keep the room dry and cool.
2. Do not use sofa beds, carpets, plush toys, fabric sofas and cloth curtains. It is recommended to use a rayon inner core pillow.
3. Wash sheets, quilt covers, pillowcases every week, use water above 55 °C to kill dust mites, or use a dryer at 55 °C to dry clothes for more than 10 minutes. Every week, the quilt is exposed, and the quilt is patted after exposure.
4. It is recommended to use anti-mite bedspreads and pillowcases. Dust mites are 0.3 mm (300 microns) in size, and their feces are as small as 0.01 mm (10 microns), which is smaller than the gap of the general bedspread, so the pores of the anti-mite bed cover are less than 10 microns.
5. Use the mite remover to remove the dust mites. The mite remover has the function of HEPA (High-Efficiency Particulate Air), which can collect mites, mite carcass fragments, and excrement into the filter, without causing these things inhaled into the mite remover to scatter into the air again.
Allergen-specific immunotherapy is the consequential treatment of allergic rhinitis, that is, the patient is given a gradually increasing dose of the allergen extract to induce the body's immune tolerance, so that the symptoms of the patient are significantly reduced or even asymptomatic when the patient is exposed to the corresponding allergen again. Dust mite sublingual immunity is relatively simple to operate, the safety and tolerability are good, and the total course of treatment is about 3 years.