<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="114" > preface</h1>
Common lexical spectrums are only equal. However, there are four sounds of flatness, up, going, and entering, and the ancients still pay attention to the four sounds.
For example, the collar word is mostly based on devotion. And for continuous flat sounds, it is best to distinguish between yin and yang.
In Mr. Long Yusheng's "Ten Lectures on Lexicology", there is a special section on this issue:
In the early Qing Dynasty, Huang Zhouxing's treatise on the song had the saying that "the three servants must be divided more, and the two flats must also distinguish between yin and yang" (see Huang's "Making Music Branches")
A passage from the Ming Dynasty Man Wang Jide's "Fang Zhuguan Qulu" is also quoted:
The four voices, flat, up, going, and in. Peace is called peace, and going up, going, and entering is always called being a servant. There are those who are suitable for peace, and there are yin and yang in peace; there are those who are suitable for servants, and those who are suitable for servants have up, going, and entering. Obedient to the law, it is known as a bad voice. Qu Lu Vol. 2 "On Ping Shu"
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="12" > one and two flats also distinguish between yin and yang</h1>
Ping also needs to distinguish between yin and yang. The yin and yang here refer to the yin and yang in the flat sound.
The ancient Qing sound vowel flat sound character is now pronounced Yin Ping, and the ancient voice vowel vowel ping sound character is now pronounced Yang Ping, similar to the one and two sounds in Mandarin.
For example, Mr. Zhu Yongzhai mentioned in the "Words and Sayings of fenchunguan":
Five-character sentences are roughly like five-word poems, even if there are awkward sentences, you can replace the flat one. To the Wuping sentence, such as the opening sentence of "Shoulou Chun", "Cut the Spring Shirt and Seek The Fang" (Shi Dazu), it should be adjusted between yin and yang.
Shi Dazu's "Shoulou Chun" is as follows:
【Cut spring shirt to find fang】. Remember the golden knife hand, the same in the clear window. Several degrees due to the wind remnants, illuminating the flowers and slanting the sun. Who reads me, and now there is no clothes? Since adolescence, consuming the loose. But listen to the rain to pick up the lights, sleep sick wine, and dream more about makeup when sleeping.
Flying flowers go, good night long. There are old songs with silk and new cavities in gold scores. The most hated Xiangyun people scattered, Chu Lan's soul was wounded. Being a guest, worrying about home. Count the jade strings, [Yu Feng Wei Lang]. Near the cold eaters, acacia has not forgotten the aroma of algae.
The first sentence is a five-sentence sentence: Cut the spring shirt to find the fang. Mr. Zhu Yongzhai analyzed:
For example, Shi Dazu's "Shoulou Chun" "Cut Spring Shirt Seeking Fang", "Cut", "Seek" Two Zi Yang Ping, "Spring", "Shirt", "Fang" three characters Yin Ping, read as if there is a high and low depression, to "Ju Feng Wei Lang" four words are used Yang Ping, syllables appear low.
【Cut spring shirt to find fang】. In Mandarin, "cut" and "seek" are two sounds, and "spring", "shirt" and "fang" are one sound.
And Shi Dazu's "Shoulou Chun" in the next que of "Yu Feng Wei Lang", the four words are two sounds, the continuous Yangping lack of change, Mr. Zhu commented: Syllables are obviously low.
In Zhang Yan's "Etymology", when referring to his father Zhang Shu's filling in words, the difference between flat voices:
He also wrote "Cherishing Flowers early in spring" Cloud: "Trivial window deep". The meaning of the word "deep" is not in harmony, it is changed to the word "you", and it is not coordinated, and then it is changed to the word "Ming", the beginning of the song. These three words are all flat sounds, hu is like this? The five voices of the cover have lips, teeth, throat, tongue, and nose, so there are light and heavy turbidity.
The window is deep, deep is changed to quiet, and then changed to bright, deep, quiet, and bright are all flat sounds, is there any difference? Zhang Yan said that there is a "distinction between light and heavy turbidity." Deep and quiet are clear, yin flat, bright is turbid, yang flat.
Liu Xizai, in the Outline of Art, Volume IV, "Introduction to Song and Song", explains this passage:
The lyricist should judge both the yin and yang of the sound, and the oral method of the receiving sound. Take the sound to pick the sound, and take the energy association as the best. Yutian called his father's "Cherishing Flowers early in spring" word "trivial window deep" sentence, "deep" word is not in harmony; changed to "you" character, and not coherent; then changed to "Ming" character, the beginning of the association; this is not judged by yin and yang? And "deep" for the closed accent, "yu" for the lip tone, "ming" for the nasal tone, the message is also different.
Fillers, the first point is flat, the same as the yin and yang, and there is also the "mouth method of distinguishing the sound".
The Song people are so particular about filling in the words, Mr. Long Yusheng said that the purpose is to "not be difficult for the singer to suffer from the "bad voice"" ("Ten Lectures on Lexicology"), so that the singer can sing smoothly.
Later generations can no longer sing the words, just chanting. Yin and yang, turbidity, or for change. Therefore, Mr. Zhu Yongzhai said: It should be adjusted between yin and yang.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="62" > two, the sound is divided</h1>
1, yin ping yang ping and go up
Flat sound, there is a difference between yin and yang, and there is a difference between going up and down.
Long Yusheng quoted several yuan songs in "Ten Lectures on Lexicology and On the Four Voices of Yin and Yang", about the collocation of the upper and lower voices in the flat sound and the servant sound, and after analyzing it, he believed:
Yin ping with sound is better, such as: lone shadow, know or not.
Yangping is better with desounding, such as listening (listening, desounding).
And it is said that although the example is a song, the words and the song are the same in this regard.
2. "Go up" at the end
Regarding the usage of the voice, going up and entering, Mr. Long Yusheng quoted Wan Shu's "Rhythm of Words and Fa Fan" as saying:
Ping stop one way, go up, go, and enter the three kinds, and do not meet the servant and fill in with three sounds. In the gai one tone, the one who can be generalized is six or seven out of ten, and the one who cannot be generalized is three out of ten.
If you go up to each other, the tune will not vibrate, and it will become a falling cavity. The last sentence is particularly tight. For example, "Still able to eat no" in "Yong Yu Le", "Still can eat no", "Rui He Xian" "and become thin and damaged", "Still", "and" must be poor, "can", "cheng" must be flat, "rice" and "thin" must go, "no", "damage" must be on, and so on. If the last two words are used on the flat, or flat, or go, go up, go up, go up, all are incompatible.
Most of the use of slang can be divided into different parts, but a small part should be paid attention to, especially the last sentence at the end. Wan Shu said, for example, the last sentence in Xin Shuyi's "Eternal Encounter":
Still able to eat no. Go, Yang Ping, Go, Go.
There is also the last sentence in Stazu's "Crane Immortal":
It is also thin. Go, Yang Ping, Go, Go.
The four voices of these two sentences are exactly the same. Wan Shu believes that these four words must be so appropriate. In particular, the last two words, it is best to "go up", it is best not to use: flat up, flat go, go go, go up, go up.
However, not all Song Dynasty poets were so particular, and Shi Dazu and Xin Shuyi did not use it in every capital. For example:
Old sisters. go up. Shi Dazu"Ruihe Xian Fu Hongmei"
The clouds are dark. go up. Xin Abandoning Disease "Yong Yu Le, Tou Lao Empty Mountain"
Sometimes dreams go. Go for it. Yuan Dehua, "RuiHexian , Suburban Origin First Rain"
It should also be memorized. Go for it. Su Shi "Yong Yu Le, Long Remembrance of Farewell"
The old man was not drunk. Go for it. Jiang Fu "Yong Yu Le, Mr. CiYun Xin Keqing"
The water is shallow. go up. Wu Wenying's "Yong Yu Le · Tanmei Ci Shi Sai Rhyme"
Therefore, Long Yusheng believes that the statement of Wanshu can be used as a reference, but it should not be too rigid.
3. Collar and devotion
Wanshu's understanding of going to sound:
There is also a key, that is, "noun turns and falls where more use to remove the sound", why not? Among the three sounds, the upper and lower two can be leveled, and the going is unique.
The so-called "noun turning and falling place" here, Long Yusheng believes that it is the collar word in the word:
We call it "collar" or "collar character", which has been briefly mentioned in previous lectures. This word has the special task of leading the following and resisting the above, as the key of the long tune and slow rotation, it must use a fierce and far-reaching devoic word to be able to bear it.
The common collar words in words are mostly devotional, such as: right, actual, read, more, poop, see, listen, love, pity, and so on. Liu Yong's "Eight Voices of Ganzhou":
[Yes] Xiao Xiao twilight rain sprinkled the river sky, a wash of autumn.
【Gradually】The frost and wind are miserable, the Guanhe river is cold, and the remnants of the building are illuminated.
It is a place where the red decays and the green is reduced, and the radial things are rested.
Only the water of the Yangtze River flows in the east without words.
Can't bear to ascend to the far side, [look] hometown is faint, and it is difficult to return to the harvest.
[Sigh] After years of trails, what is the bitter drowning?
Want to be beautiful, make-up building, how many times to mistake, the sky to know the boat?
Knowing me, leaning on the trunk, I am concentrating!
4. The use of "go up" in Zhou Bangyan's sentence
The above says the use of Wanshu's last sentence about Xin Ren disease and Shi Dazu. Zhou Bangyan, "go up" is used many times in Qi Tianle Qiusi:
The green turnip carved all over Taicheng Road, and the special township is autumn evening.
【Twilight rain】 cold, singing persuasion weaving, deep cabinet smell cut.
Cloud window [quiet concealment].
Sigh and flick the robes, and suddenly loosen the flowers.
There are still sacs, and the dew fluorescent books shine at night.
Jingjiang stayed [the longest], where the old people looked at each other, what was the limit of thought?
[Weishui] West wind, Chang'an chaotic leaves, empty memories of poetry.
With a high [overlook].
Zhengyu liquid new knife, crab claw first recommended.
[Drunk] Mountain, but sad [Illuminated].
5, flat and flat, more use of sound
For example, Liu Guo's "Drunken Taiping":
The affection is high [meaning] true, the eyebrows are long [sideburns] blue. Xiao Lou Mingyue adjusts the kite, writing the sound of spring wind [number].
Si Jun (recall) Jun, the soul is involved in [dreams]. Emerald fragrance warm silver screen, more that can (wine) wake up!
Even with a flat sentence, it is better to go to the sound. At the end of this song, even more that can be drunk! The use of the word "wine" in the upper voice was believed by Long Sheng that "if you misuse the upper sound, the sound will be much worse."
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="256" >3, the exclusive use and the association when rhyming</h1>
When it comes to saying that "the three servants must be divided more", let's talk about the exclusive use and the general association in the rhyme.
When filling in words, when rhyming, if it is a word plate that does not rhyme. Flat, into the exclusive use, and up, to the association.
1. Exclusive use of sound
For example, "Good Thing Near" is used in rhyme, where the other three voices do not appear:
Long strange Chu madman,
A phoenix song is gone. 【Traces: Part 17】
Who with FuKoto Tsudo,
Gonghuan Yi Horizontal Flute [Flute: Part 17]
Floating Life Contends Foraku Boat,
Impermanence is a guest. 【Guest: Part 17】
Loaded with rivers and rain,
It's an autumn color. 【Color: Part 17】
2. Quiet sound is used exclusively
For example, "Huan Xi Sha" rhymes with flat rhymes, in which there will be no other three sounds:
Long Xiang Huaxu General Forget machine [Machine: Part III]
Montmon Chariot Horse from East to West [West: Part III]
Flying Red Random Dot New Mud [Mud: Part III]
The mist is light and the wind is like a dream
Weaving Spring Silk Rain [Clothes: Part III]
The warbler outside the green poplar curtain cries [Cry: Part III]
The above two types of words, rhyme with flat rhyme, can not be mixed in and up; rhyme, can not be mixed into the flat.
3. Go up to the association
Going up to the Tongxie, "Touching the Fish" is up and down, such as:
Fengtai is empty, the Han River goes east, and the rise and fall of the ancient world passes through the ears. 【Ear: Part III】
After the return of the immortals, there was no trace of the clouds, and there was a blue sky like a wash. 【Washing: Part III】
Song and Dance Place, [Ground: Part III]
Sigh six generations, a false name to a new pavilion tears. 【Tears: Part III】
There are several heroes. 【Several: Part III】
Ren Xie Fu Go, Zhou Lang Chibi, empty as a partial security plan. 【Count: Part III】
Rouge well, heaven and earth like a play. 【Drama: Part III】
The back court song is shattered. 【Broken: Part III】
Bamboo flowers fall to the old sycamore, swallows who are in the door. 【Inside: Part 3】
All the way to the past. 【I: Part III】
Look at millions, the male division unifies the mountains and rivers. 【Li: Part III】
Leisurely swim here [This: Part III]
To the smoke and rain terrace, Tang Feng Song Yun, how many exchanges. 【Fact: Part III】
Such as ears, washes, and a few, is the upper sound; the ground, tears, and counting are the sound of going.
Occasionally, in ancient poems, poets mixed in rhymes, most of which were problems with dialect pronunciation. Xin Zhiyi has such a word, which is a very rare one, and will not be given an example.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="272" > concluding remarks</h1>
When filling in words, the flat voice is divided into yin and yang, and the difference between the upper voice and the desocibility is actually for the purpose of changing and matching, which is conducive to pronunciation or singing.
For modern people, filling in words is already a recitation rather than a song, but there is still a problem of whether the pronunciation is appropriate, you may wish to pay attention to it.
@Old Street Taste
Panic beachhead said panic, panic beach is because of Su Dongpo renamed? In fact, there are other people