【Text/Observer Network Columnist Amon】
Turning a group of free and scattered peasants into a steel force that "cannot be defeated and blown up" is a great organizational science, and political and ideological work is the soul of it. Political and ideological work is long-term and uninterrupted; different periods and different places have different contents; different people must also be different from person to person, and only by being targeted can we truly mobilize the vast majority of people to strive for common goals.
Mao Zedong said: "After the political line is determined, cadres are the decisive factor. "Cadres are the link between the Party and the masses, and only thousands of cadres loyal to the Party's cause can lead the masses to accomplish the tasks entrusted by the Party Central Committee."
Gao Zhenrong, the second squad leader of the Luzhong Nanyi East Stretcher Regiment, led the former migrant workers to carry the stretcher despite having scabies on his body. Once carried to Taierzhuang, halfway down the road is really not good, the platoon leader replaced him, has been unable to go, just climb on the road, others said: "You wait here, we unload the stretcher and come back to carry you back." In order not to cause trouble to his comrades-in-arms, Gao Zhenrong rescued the wounded of the People's Liberation Army more and struggled to return to his destination, and he did not know how he came along the way. Party members and cadres like Gao Zhenrong are the general majority in the Huaihai battlefield, and they have to overcome the difficulties of the Kuomintang aircraft bombing to transport materials to the hands of the PLA soldiers, and they also have to overcome the lack of clothing and food caused by the lack of materials brought about by the low productivity of old China.
The small convoy transported grain and ammunition over the mountains and mountains, pictured from the "Compilation of Historical Materials of the Huaihai Campaign • Zhiqian Volume" (hereinafter the same).
At the beginning of the Huaihai Campaign, the PLA troops moved quickly and the front line changed greatly. The vanguard troops of the 11th column encircling Huang Baitao had reached Suqian, and the small convoy of the former convoy was still in Xin'an Town. Comrade Liu Ruilong, commander of the Logistics Department of the East China Field Army, adjusted the supply line in light of the changes in the front line; he coordinated with Fu Qiutao, former member of the East China Branch Committee, and other comrades to extend the front line along the front line, get as close as possible to the battlefield, and adjust the supply stations at any time according to the battlefield conditions; and use the captured automobile transportation to replenish the grain and ammunition of our PLA troops as soon as possible without worry. "The solidity of the golden soup is not defended by the millet; the courage of Han Bai is not the grain and no war." Paying attention to the commander-in-chief's planning on the battlefield and the bloody struggle of the soldiers, while ignoring the efforts of the comrades on the logistics front, this is incomplete in the liberation war led by the Communist Party of China, and without the rational scheduling and control of the materials of the front of the support by Comrade Liu Ruilong and his comrades-in-arms, the Huaihai Campaign would not have been victorious.
Migrant workers mend their shoes during the rest of the march
Lack of clothes is the most serious problem of the former migrant workers in the front of the branch, there is no clothes at home, before the start of the battle, the East China Bureau was not prepared for the weather changes, after the start of the battle noticed the problem of cotton clothes, began to mobilize the masses in the liberated areas to prepare cotton clothes for the soldiers of the troops and the former migrant workers. At the beginning of the battle, the warehouses were located in Qufu, Yuankou and Linyi, and "far water cannot quench the thirst of the near". Seeing that the clothes of the migrant workers of the Bohai First Sub-district Stretcher Regiment, which belonged to his troops, were too torn to wear, the soldiers of the teaching regiment took out their own clothes to help the migrant workers, and the first battalion was divided into more than thirty pieces. The migrant workers did not have cotton clothes, and the column distributed more than a thousand pieces of cotton clothes and single clothes captured on the battlefield to the migrant workers. The second column saw that the cotton clothes of the migrant workers of the water stretcher regiment in the southern foothills of Luzhong had not been delivered, so he set off a campaign of "donating clothes and loving the people" and donated more than 200 pieces of clothes. Compared with Huaye, each column has 500 pairs of stretchers and 500 pairs of picks, and the combined transport regiment has about 36,000 people (the number of the two Guangdong columns is small, and the number of the migrant labor group is relatively small. It is not too much to describe it as a cup of water. The real problem is more that the party members and cadres of the former migrant labor league mobilize the masses to solve it themselves.
Comrade Wen Lixiu, the instructor of the stretcher regiment camp in Yizhong County, donated a subsidy of 4,500 yuan to buy cotton, and donated a single pair of pants he brought to use the cotton he bought to cover cotton pants for comrades who lacked cotton pants. He tore his pants and helped the team members Wang Zhaoquan, Fan Maoshan, Dong Zuoju, Gao Yangjing, Ma Xuecheng, etc. to patch up their old clothes, and then used the cotton they bought to make cotton clothes. Cadres like Wen Lixiu are common in the military and civilian industrial corps. The Central Plains Field Army did not have a standing civilian labor regiment and adopted a contract system (grain was distributed according to the distance of transfer). Unlike the former migrant workers of the Huaye Branch, who were generally politically mobilized before the war, consolidation was more difficult, and the role of cadres was more important.
The charter system has advantages in short-distance transportation, and the masses can solve the problems of life by profit. Long-distance transportation, coupled with the damage to food, clothes and shoes on the road, makes the masses think that it is "not enough". Ideologically, the cadres also believe that giving money to the masses, benefiting the masses, relaxing their political and ideological work, the masses need to risk their lives to carry stretchers on the front line, and they lack experience in war, resulting in an extremely serious phenomenon of flight.
In the Huaihai Campaign in the Yuwan-Anhui-Suzhou Liberated Area (under the Central Plains Bureau), Nakano laid out a total of more than 50,000 stretchers, and about 25,000 were paid for fleeing. Among them, the first, second, fourth, fifth and seventh divisions, fleeing 16605 pay, basically based on the three divisions to complete the task. The third sub-district is an old liberated area with a good mass base and a high quality of cadres. Shen Qiu liufu ji district, since the evening of November 24, officially received the wounded, sixty stretchers until the completion of the task (Huang Wei's corps was all annihilated), there are still sixty pay, none of them fled. Zhang Bingyi (deputy district chief) and Xie Jinshan (district committee member), dragging a big gun and carrying a large personal backpack, lived hard and mingled with the life of migrant workers. The two men had a clear division of labor, Comrade Xie Jinshan specially managed the food, often urged the supply personnel to do a good job in providing, no matter under any circumstances the stretcher team they led never went hungry once. The crowd said, "This time fight Lao Zhang to the end." Party members and cadres lead the masses with their own practical actions, which is completely different from the effect of "brothers give me up" and "comrades rush with me."
Outstanding migrant workers joined the party
Strengthen party building in the former migrant workers' group, establish cultural and entertainment, daily life and other organizations under the leadership of the party branch, develop activists and party members on this basis, and enhance the enthusiasm of other former migrant workers, so that the former migrant workers' group has a strong core leadership.
First of all, the party branch of the former Migrant Workers' League was openly supported. For a long time in the revolution, because the situation was dangerous, the Party organizations and Party members were in a state of secrecy, and it was easy to cause losses to the Party organizations if they did not do so, so some masses mistakenly believed that the Party organizations were "religious doors." When the Luzhongnan Rizhao Stretcher Regiment opened its branches, it recruited activists from the migrant workers and thirteen candidates who were preparing to join the party to participate. When all party members met with the masses, Xie Luoyu, a migrant worker, said: "In the past, I only knew that the Communist Party led the poor to turn over, but I had never seen the face of the Communist Party, and today I know that the party members in our regiment are all poor brothers and grandfathers like us." Migrant worker Liu Xingli said: "According to the composition, I am enough conditions, and according to the work and people's comparison is much worse." In the future, I will definitely strive to join the Communist Party. "After the branch was made public, the party members also became active. Some party members said: "In the future, party members will be able to play the role of party members, and if they do not, they will not only humiliate themselves, but also reduce the prestige of the party." Party members of the Yiyuan Stretcher Regiment said: "In the past, it was not easy to do, the masses did not know, and now if they are not doing well, the masses will run to our heads." ”
Pay close attention to the daily words and actions of migrant workers and develop activists. The third platoon leader of the Yishan Transport Regiment often paid attention to Guo Ren in his platoon. When Comrade Guo Renyuan was tired of marching and saying strange things, he sang stories to everyone to boost morale. After discovering him, he was used to go to various classes, and later to the platoons to sing and speak, which played a great role in consolidating the mood of migrant workers.
When the second battalion of the Linmu stretcher regiment held a ceremony for new party members to join the party, the secretary of the camp committee took the oath and explained the oath in detail, and when the new party member Gao Pengshi spoke, he first introduced his own composition and origin, "My father led me to ask for dinner outside for seven years, and after my father died, he could not afford to buy a coffin, so he had to bury it with straw. Today, I join the Communist Party and am determined to serve the people well under the leadership of the Party. Du Yuanshun said while crying: "When I think of the sufferings of the past, I really can't open my eyes, and only by joining the party can I seek eternal liberation." ”
In various tasks, Party members have set an example by uniting and leading the masses to complete their tasks. During the march, the party group meeting of the Jiaodong Weihai Folk Workers' League was held once every 3 to 5 days: each party member was assigned to unite several masses, often reflecting the situation of the masses at the meeting, reviewing and exchanging experiences; for individual party members who violated discipline by breaking away from the masses, they immediately criticized and corrected them after discovery. Every Party member can consciously carry forward his exemplary role. In life, they proposed "no competition for food" and "no competition for accommodation", eating to let the masses eat first, and building a bunk to sleep outside without a house to live in. Give up the cotton clothes on your body to the masses who lack cotton clothes, and take out your own money to buy cotton coats for the masses. Cotton clothes were given to the masses, and the masses gave way to the wounded. In their work they proposed: "Party members should take the lead. "Whether transporting supplies, carrying the wounded, digging trenches, every cadre does more than the masses, grabbing the heads of the masses. The masses were very touched, "It's all the same, can't we be like others?" ”
The vast majority of Party members made meritorious contributions in the Battle of Huaihai. According to the statistics of the nine teams in Lunan, Bohai and Jiaodong alone, 1,912 of the 2,235 party members have made meritorious contributions. There are 375 party members in the Bohai stretcher regiment, 6 people who have made special merit, 216 people who have made first-class merit, 146 people who have made second-class merit, and 25 people who have made third-class merit (including 219 new development party members). A large number of heroes and activists who have passed the test of the war have enriched and strengthened the backbone and leadership among the migrant workers, ensured the consolidation of the migrant workers, and fulfilled the tasks of supporting the front.
"Why should we support the front" Is a central content in the ideological education of migrant workers before the branch, and it must be repeatedly educated. When the first migrant workers of the First Brigade of Migrant Workers in The Southeast Were shaken by the hot march, the leaders organized a rambling conversation: "Is it bitter at home?" Was it bitter before the land reform? Some migrant workers said: "Suffering at home is for yourself, and you can also suffer hardships, come out to help you do migrant work, you should take care of and take care of it!" "The understanding of the front of the branch is very vague. The cadres proposed: "When you come out, there are people in the family who help each other, but these hardships can be eaten?" In this way, the migrant workers have a preliminary understanding that doing migrant workers is not for any one person. Working at home, the same hardships.
The Party Committee and Battalion Party Committee of the First Stretcher Regiment of the Bohai First Sub-district can understand the ideological situation of each platoon and each class and each person through each branch at any time, conduct political education in a timely manner, and specifically help them solve difficulties.
Xiao Bingda, a stretcher member of the three battalions and ten companies, was not in a high mood during the march. When Comrade Kang Guoliang, a battalion instructor, discovered this situation, he personally talked to him individually, educated him with the method of comparing before and after, further explained the important significance of Zhiqian, and said: "Everyone wants to live a happy life, or can you live a long life without overthrowing Chiang Kai-shek?" Comrades wounded, for us can bleed, then we can not sweat for the wounded? Therefore, we should be able to withstand the test of war and strive for meritorious service..." Xiao Bingda sewed it in cotton clothes -- and when he set out, he asked the village cadres to privately write a pass for desertion on the way to prepare, and to tear it apart and tear it apart, "I no longer want to desert, I must persist to the end, and I am determined to make great contributions..." When the three battalions and three squads were stationed in Duoshan, because the problem of eating and burning was not solved, the main and deputy squad leaders could not sleep, and the whole squad members were also confused and depressed. After the League Party Committee discovered this situation, it immediately sent Comrade Kang Guoliang (a member of the League Party Committee) to solve everyone's living problems, and through political education, the emotions of the migrant workers rose again. At the beginning of the departure, the regiment had a total of 379 Communist Party members, and through the test of the campaign, 319 Party members were developed, the New Democratic Youth League was established, and a total of 177 cadres were trained and promoted.
The cadres of the former Migrant Workers' League pay attention to the changes in the thinking of the masses at any time and at any time. Comrade Sun Zhenmin, instructor of the Sifen Township Transport Squadron in Binhai County, is well aware that political and ideological work is the guarantee for accomplishing tasks. He was keenly aware of the mood swings of migrant worker Zhang Jiajin, who pretended to be ill and refused to eat. After first going through the education of the congress, then Sun Zhenmin talked to him individually, and seized the living example of his family's house being burned down during the War of Resistance Against Japan, the materials were robbed, it was difficult to return home, and it was difficult to return to the house, and after liberation, it was difficult to return to the land, and to enlighten his class consciousness, Zhang Jiajin said with tears in his eyes: "Instructor, I forgot my roots, I forgot my roots, and from now on I promise to listen to the words of the leaders." Be sure to do a good job, successfully complete the mission and then go home. ”
The high consciousness of the masses in the old areas does not mean that the masses in the new areas cannot support themselves and have mastered the correct working methods and solved all the difficult problems. Jianghuai originally scheduled three thousand cars, and the first batch of more than a thousand ran out. The second batch was more than thirteen hundred, and three days were more than seven hundred. There are no party members, no activists, there is only one party member, one squadron and one cadre in Lingbi County, and most of the migrant workers are hired. The mobilization method adopted coercive orders, most of which were isolated small surnames, small middle peasants and rich peasants. Before going to the battlefield, the migrant workers were not in a hurry to rest for a few days, and one unit was allocated, and the remaining three or four hundred people were reorganized. The cadres came up with a way to organize the Poor Peasants' Association. After eating, the poor will be called, and when there is a lot, the complaint will be carried out, and the poor will turn over in pain, and the mood will be very high. When organizations were set up and poor peasant groups were formed, the masses expressed one after another: We must do the work and take the lead. One team broke through, everyone was vying to be poor peasants, and two rich peasants ran. Adopting the method of mass movement, the organizational core, the class inspiration, changed in one day, cultivated activists, and did not run away from the previous one. Moreover, the work of the recovery area was resumed through the pre-support period.
Correspondence between Former Migrant Worker Li Pinzhen and his wife Wang Yuying
The former migrant workers are far away from home, marching thousands of miles to support the battlefield, and worrying about their wives and children at home, which is also an important factor affecting the enthusiasm of migrant workers. Before the Battle of Huaihai, the East China Bureau set up the East China Post Office Branch Committee, stipulating that the letters of the former migrant workers were mailed free of charge like the soldiers of the People's Liberation Army. Literate writers write themselves, and illiterate people are ghostwritten by the documents in the former migrant labor group.
The wife of a migrant worker wrote to the migrant worker: "Children are much fatter than you are at home!" I can also talk, my mother's illness has been completely cured, and I was able to get out of bed five days ago to make food. "My brother also helped the sister-in-law of the east neighbor to do two days of work, everything is fine, please don't worry about it... Every family wants you to make a contribution outside, and the whole family is glorious. "After this migrant worker received the letter, he looked for this to see, looked for that to see, tucked in his hat, carried it in his pocket, often took it out to see, and was very happy to talk to others. The burden on the mind was suddenly solved by this letter. The letters enabled the former migrant workers to know the production and living conditions of their families, and they could rest assured that they could support the Liberation War. Most of the illiterate migrant workers have improved their cultural level by studying between the battlefield breaks.
The third company of the Yiyuan Migrant Workers' Stretcher Regiment proposed: "Move the winter school (a way for the old liberated areas to use winter leisure to popularize knowledge to the peasants) to the front line." "In the gap between the work, the migrant workers' group Chinese taught the former migrant workers to read and write, and the results were obvious. Migrant workers reflected: "At the age of thirty or forty, I went to a migrant university again. "We not only supported the front, but also improved the culture."
Mao Zedong said: "The character of the peasants has two aspects. One is the darkness, such as selfishness, stupidity and conservatism, etc., Lu Xun's "A Q Zheng Biography" is a work dedicated to the dark side. The first is bright, such as urgent justice and righteousness, brave sacrifice, and so on. They possess these two contradictory personalities. The role of politics is to mobilize the enthusiasm of their bright side, gradually overcome their dark side, and realize democratic politics. "The core of political and ideological work is to enable everyone to participate in the management of society. Due to the long-term small-scale peasant economy of one family and one household, the party organizations adopted the methods that the peasants liked to hear and hear in the propaganda of the characteristics of the peasants on the way to the march, and at the same time encouraged the migrant workers to say and write out the things around them and participate in the activities, so as to achieve the purpose of consolidating the support of the peasants for the war.
When marching from Tancheng to Xin'an Town, Gao Tongsan, a migrant worker of the Linshu Stretcher Regiment in Luzhongnan, compiled the contents of the meritorious service into a smooth mouth, and the migrant workers all sang along with him: "The stretcher regiment is really heroic, traveling south along the highway, pressing down the shoulders not to be tired, rushing to Xuzhou City in one go, eliminating Huang Weidu Qiu Li, and making many glorious contributions." The migrant workers all said: "Walking and singing smoothly, even tiredness is forgotten." ”
Former migrant workers carried out cultural and recreational activities
The 12th Company of the Yizhong Stretcher Regiment established the "Migrant Workers Club", which is an organization used by migrant workers to manage their own lives, and has 5 committee members, including recreation, life, merit evaluation, health, and production, all of which are democratically elected by migrant workers. The Recreation Committee is responsible for carrying out recreational activities among migrant workers. During the break, a grievance campaign was launched, and the recreation committee members taught everyone to sing the minor tune of "Anti-Fugitive". When teaching, the meaning of the minor key is explained to everyone in detail, and Chen Shishu, a migrant worker who has deserted, is used as an example to educate migrant workers.
When the merits were first evaluated, the members of the Recreation Committee also taught everyone to sing "Songs of Celebration of Meritorious Service, and according to the ideological situation of the migrant workers of Benlian, they compiled a gong and drum drama "Carrying a Stretcher.", which read: Those who have run pseudo-public jobs have performed very well in carrying stretchers, and the masses have also evaluated their merits. The performance of this drama has lifted the ideological concerns of many pseudo-office workers (because the company is composed of migrant workers in Yishui District, so there are more pseudo-office workers), and stimulated everyone's enterprising spirit. Migrant workers also reflected: "Watching this drama is more useful than listening to lectures."
Support the former migrant workers wall newspaper
Migrant workers were called upon to write a manuscript, which was published after being reviewed by the company department. Whenever the migrant workers went to a village to rest, they found a smooth wall, drew a box with chalk around it, and the manuscript was pasted in the middle. The content includes praise for the exemplary deeds of migrant workers, "Yesterday we carried the wounded to the East, there were four small groups of comrades, Li Yudong was very concerned about the wounded. Condolences and comfort that do not stop whenever there is a break. When the wounded in Majiaweizi Village wanted to sit up, Comrade Li Yudong lifted it vigorously for fifteen minutes, and Comrade Li Yudong did not tire of hard work, hoping that all comrades would do the same and strive for all the models. ------------------------------------ Calling on other comrades to learn from the advanced, the more important role of the poster is communication, and effective exchanges between superiors and subordinates, comrades and comrades, is the best and most effective way to resolve contradictions.
Because of the lack of cotton clothes to the superiors to ask questions, "Comrade Li Instructor: Now October arrives, the weather has changed, go home with cotton clothes, January has also arrived, the team members asked me, I don't know, why it was not shipped, please reply." —Five Squad Li Jian Fan Qi". The instructor replied: "The cotton coats of the first and second squadrons have already arrived, and the date of our cotton clothes is not far away, so please comrades suffer a little less hardship, and ours is also coming soon." Li Yingqi 11.4".
Aiming at the comrades, "A small group of Huang Juyuan (source), you came out of the house in a low mood, what does it mean, you ate in the next day of the team, slept in the house alone, did not work, what thoughts do you have in your heart, are you not a meritorious deed when you come out again? Why are you greedy, please answer. Three team headquarters November". He replied, "I'm not in high mood and I do very little work. These two items are my big mistakes, I am sincerely accepting the mistakes, knowing that I will change my beliefs, and I will do it well in the future. However, there are several sores on the feet, and I am afraid that there will be inconvenience in work, so please forgive me comrades. --------------------------------- The unsmooth sentences and typos cannot cover up the profound connotations, and speaking out is the key to political and ideological work!
Stretcher teams will transport the wounded abandoned by the Kuomintang troops to the rear hospital
Ideological and political work is carried out in a needle-and-needle manner. When the Twelve Stretcher Regiments in Yizhong were recuperating, they used various games for ideological education: for example, by throwing away handkerchiefs, handkerchiefs were wrapped in current affairs and political questions, and whoever failed answered the questions. The question is roughly as follows: "What are the disadvantages of deserting?" What has suffered from the reactionaries in your family" and "Now our army has more than the enemy" and so on, in order to raise the political understanding of the migrant workers. Because the leaders of the club promote these activities, the life of the migrant workers is very active, saying: "The front of the branch is the same as going to school, gymnastics, singing, and classes." ”
Political and ideological work has different contents in different periods, and cadres carry out political and ideological work according to local conditions. The Huaye Standing Migrant Workers' Regiment served for three months according to the regulations, and most of the Huaihai Campaign served overtime. The former migrant workers' families were divided into land, worried about their homes, and thought of demobilization. Some migrant workers complained and insulted the county and district leaders, and their thinking was quite confused. The small motorcade of the third sub-district of the Bohai Sea said: "The superior does not count what he says, why don't you let go after completing the task?" The Zhucheng Trolley Regiment said: "The Communist Party does not deceive people, what is this called?" "The Junan Transport Group, which completed the best task during the service, also had problems at this time. The migrant workers prevented the cadres from holding meetings and reasoned with the cadres: "You have sold the migrant workers to make meritorious contributions. "Some cadres can't get food, and the people want to beat him." However, some cadres not only dare not struggle against the backward ideas of the masses, but even identify with and accommodate the backward ideas of the masses. Ding Yihao, political commissar of the Zhuting Trolley Regiment (secretary of the sub-district), did not understand his own thinking when he could not be demobilized during the demobilization period, and even led the collective demobilization of migrant workers. Although it was recovered afterwards, the impact was extremely bad.
At this time, the focus of political and ideological work was to dispel the idea of demobilizing former migrant workers when they were due. The cadres explained to the former migrant workers the situation of the national liberation war, the liberation of the northeast and the liberation of Jinan, and the importance of the Huaihu Campaign, explained the development of the situation and the importance of continuing to serve, and made it clear that "the enemy in the north of the Jiangsu River was annihilated in an all-round way... The task is to annihilate the enemy in principle. "Don't talk about it, believe in the masses, let the masses discuss it themselves, and educate themselves."
When explaining the contrast between the forces of the enemy and ourselves and the fundamental changes, the former migrant workers of zhiqian realized that our superiority and the days of liberating all of China were not far away, and they were deeply encouraged, and they themselves said: "When will we do it this time?" In the end, wherever the troops fight, we will support them! ”
Stretcher crew members rescued the wounded in the line of fire
When the cadres encouraged the migrant workers to discuss for whom to support and the Platon's Liberation Army to fight and shed blood for whom, everyone discussed: "The People's Liberation Army is desperately bleeding for us, we do not support, if the landlord returns, will we still have our lives?" "Enlightened, strengthened the determination of the front. When jiaodong migrant workers surrounded and annihilated Li Mi's corps, they proposed to "capture Li Mi alive and avenge Jiaodong's father and elder!" The Kuomintang's focus on attacking the Liberated Areas committed a heinous blood debt, which aroused the vengeful anger of the migrant workers, expressing their determination to eliminate the enemy and continue to support the completion of the task. When the Huang Baitao Corps was eliminated, many of the wounded could not be transported down, could not withstand the severe winter, and some were about to freeze to death. At this time, the Junan Transport Regiment was in a situation of demobilization, and the leaders put forward the slogan of "saving lives", and all the migrant workers went up and transported them down, without telling strange words or complaining bitterly.
At the end of the Huaihai Campaign, when the enemy broke through and tried to escape, our army pursued and annihilated continuously, and the Junan Dan Transport Regiment proposed: "Are you willing to ask the enemy to run away?" When the migrant workers were asked to discuss, everyone replied loudly: "We can't let the enemy run away..." The cadre took the opportunity to propose:
"Fatigue in victory is glorious!"
"The movement of the front in a victorious situation does not depend on which province or county. Wherever the enemy goes, he will be annihilated, and all difficulties in the march are inevitable. But it is not an insurmountable difficulty. ”
After receiving education on this situation, the migrant workers generally reflected: "It was still the case, I was in the stuffy gourd at first, but this time I don't know where to go." Since this is the case, we will not do it, complete the task and then demobilize."
The Taihe County Migrant Workers Stretcher Regiment annihilates weapons captured by Huang Weibu
"Every festive season, I think of my relatives", and the approaching New Year's Pass is also the last moment of the Huaihai Campaign to encircle and annihilate the Du Luming Clique, and the thinking of migrant workers has fluctuated greatly. In response to this kind of ideological cadre, he proposed: "The New Year must pass the Year of Peace, and it will not be possible to overthrow Chiang Kai-shek, and it will not be a Year of Peace forever." Crush Chiang Kai-shek and live a good year forever. "After a hammer and drying the water, can you still not dry it when you get the fish?" Crush the reactionaries forever! "Eat without eating half full, walk without walking half full!" and other specific and vivid slogans to carry out education; adopt various cultural and recreational activities to subtly influence and educate the former migrant workers.
The Fourth Brigade of Jiaodong served with the Twelfth Column and organized migrant workers to form their own troupes in the Middle Of the Year Pass, and on the first day of the first day of the first year, the squadrons played gongs and drums, twisted and sang songs, held group worship with the troops, and cooperated with the troops to hold a "military-civilian party."
The three major teams of the North Branch, in Nianguan, the migrant workers performed their activities on the front line as songs; such as carrying stretchers, rescuing in the line of fire, capturing prisoners, and capturing Du Yuming alive. They also organized the old Liberated Areas to organize the workers' groups and others to compile operas, which formed a good political influence on the masses in the settlements.
On the day of Chinese New Year's Eve, each detachment held a reminiscence party separately, recalling the scene when Jiang Bandit's army focused on attacking Jiaodong last year and comparing it with this year's big victory. Recall how the mind moved when I came out to support myself, and how I later overcame suffering and made meritorious contributions. Migrant workers said happily: "This year's New Year is more lively than at home!" ”
The award flag of migrant workers at the celebration meeting
The "Meritorious Service" campaign was carried out among the former migrant workers to boost morale and encourage them to better serve the war. Nakano does not have a standing migrant workers' group, and the migrant workers are temporarily transferred from the localities, and the consolidation rate is relatively poor. The Ninth Column and the Twenty-sixth Brigade specially issued a glorious certificate for the civilian workers participating in the war, which read: "Actively support the front, transfer the wounded in the starry night, resolutely complete the task, and eliminate the Huang Wei Corps." Meritorious migrant workers were also issued with meritorious service certificates for participating in the war, "Quickly carry more, send them in the starry night, love the wounded, be close as brothers, set off in the middle of the night, there is a beginning and an end, the Huqiu detachment, no shang xingrong." A brief letter of merit was printed, which greatly encouraged the comrades of the migrant workers, and the brigade was assigned 190 stretchers, and after the war, there were still 186 pay. This is extremely rare.
Prizes for meritorious migrant workers
The troops not only took care of the former migrant workers in their daily lives, but also helped the migrant workers to strengthen their political leadership. The three columns specially sent the commander of the democracy movement unit to the stretcher regiment of the first sub-district of the Bohai Sea as deputy political commissar, and three comrades went to each battalion to serve as deputy instructors. The heroic deeds of the migrant workers were often published in the newspapers of the column. In the eight months, the three columns helped the regiment to evaluate and reward the merits three times in a timely manner. For the first time, each first-class meritorious service award was given a single one, a hand towel, a pair of socks, and many award flags, so that the migrant workers who had just entered the battlefield truly realized the glory of meritorious service.
"It is better to dispatch generals than to agitate generals", the fifth battalion carried out tasks with the artillery regiment, the artillery regiment wrote a challenge letter to the migrant workers, and the migrant workers held a party meeting to discuss the conditions for the challenge, and put forward four points - "obey the orders and listen to the command, love the wounded like brothers; enter the city empty-handed, go out of the city empty-handed; guarantee not to flee; do not reduce the number of personnel." Do "five fast three do not go." Five fast: fast assembly, fast marching, fast eating, fast stretcher loading and unloading, and fast execution of tasks. Three do not go; the water tank is not dissatisfied, the yard is not swept away, and the propaganda is not gone. The migrant workers unanimously said to the instructor: "These conditions are guaranteed to be done, you can rest assured to fight, anyway, you can't lose people." "The artillery regiment often sent people to check the implementation, and the civilian workers also sent teams to check the implementation of the conditions of the artillery regiment, so that both sides improved discipline and enthusiasm. The care and love of the troops for the migrant workers has played a great role in consolidating the migrant workers. The stretcher regiment of the Bohai First Sub-district consolidated 96.7 percent of its missions in three major campaigns (Jinan, Huaihai, and Crossing the River).
Meritorious migrant workers
In the process of appraisal and celebration, democracy was carried forward, and the education of migrant workers and mutual assistance was carried out, and the masses also evaluated party members and cadres. Under the mass appraisal, a large number of exemplary heroic figures have been produced, the leadership has been transformed, the political level of cadres and migrant workers has been improved, and the migrant workers have been promoted to align themselves with heroic models.
There was a migrant worker in the JiaodonghaiYang Stretcher Regiment who was awarded the first class merit, but because he broke the discipline of the masses three times, that is, he was recorded once again, and when he announced it, he explained why he had made a first-class merit and a record once, and after listening to it, he said: "I have made a double merit, and next time I will resolutely make a great contribution to get rid of it!" After the fourth company of the second regiment of the Junan Migrant Workers' Troupe praised Xu Guangbin, who had prepared a small iron scoop in advance to pick up the feces and urine of the wounded, the migrant workers of other classes also prepared small iron scoops.
In addition to evaluating the merits of the cadres, the stretcher regiment of the third sub-district of the Bohai Sea also criticized the shortcomings of the cadres, such as the migrant workers who gave advice to the Wang instructor of the third squadron, saying: "He has no choice, that is, his attitude is not good, he can't move at all, and no one wants to approach him!" Some migrant workers gave advice to the third platoon leader of the fifth squadron, saying: "He has something to do, he knows that he directs others to do it, he does not move there, and when he eats, others do not eat him first." Some migrant workers said: "Once when the wounded were transported, the wounded person wanted to defecate and scared him away!" "The cadres who were criticized humbly accepted the criticism of the masses and conducted a review, which was of great education and help to the cadres.
Most of the ways to celebrate the merits are regiments, battalions, brigades, and squadrons, and the migrant workers' congress is held, and the general venues are solemnly arranged. In addition to the comrades in charge of the migrant workers summing up and proposing future tasks and announcing the names and deeds of the heroes, the congress also included programs such as the meritorious people making reports and collectively presenting flowers to the heroes, so that the migrant workers felt the glory of meritorious service.
Generally speaking, after appraisal and celebration, the consciousness and enthusiasm of migrant workers have been greatly improved. After the stretcher regiment of the Bohai First Sub-district evaluated and celebrated the merits of the Jinan Campaign, the migrant workers who made meritorious contributions all expressed their determination, and Li Shengsan, a migrant worker of the fifth battalion, said: "This time I have made a first-class meritorious service, and next time I must make meritorious contributions." Sun Dexi, a migrant worker of the third squad of the Jiaodong Lunan Migrant Workers' Troupe, was an honorary soldier and did not evaluate the merits, and he made up his mind to say: "This time it was not evaluated, wait for the next time, unless you compete for the first place!" The migrant workers who complained in the past no longer complained, and the lazy migrant workers also automatically got up early to sweep the floor and carry water to the landlord, and the cadres reflected: "Since the evaluation of merit, the migrant workers have changed, and they are much better leaders than before!" "The biggest drawback of the merit appraisal campaign is that the cadre evaluation standards are too high.
When Comrade Wen Lixiu, who was mentioned above, marched from Shigemura, he had diarrhea and helped the three sick men pick out three backpacks weighing more than thirty pounds. From the March of Yongcheng to the 80-mile road of Huiting in Xiayi County, he helped Chen Shusong carry a stretcher for more than ten miles and helped the correspondent carry more than 20 pounds of public supplies. Fighting the bad guys who instigated deserters stabilized the mood of the former migrant workers.
The two Guangdong columns blocked the new Fifth Army soldiers with heavy casualties, Wen Li's self-cultivation pioneer led the civilian workers to rescue the wounded, and the soldiers saw the former migrant workers who were desperate to rescue the wounded in the rain of bullets and bullets, and shouted: "Lie down!" "Even hitting them with stones to prevent migrant workers from going into the line of fire." However, Comrade Wen Lixiu still led the former migrant workers to successfully transport the wounded off the battlefield.
If Wen Lixiu is a company-level cadre, he cannot run for first-class merit, and it is also possible to perform special merit, because he is a battalion-level cadre who has only been rated as a "third-class merit." What is even more touching is that after Comrade Wen Lixiu retired from his post (he was the deputy secretary of the party committee of the Caotang temple coalfield geology company in Chengdu, Sichuan Province, and entered the river with Erye), he wrote his memories before the Huaihai Campaign at the request of the party history department of his hometown. The old man did not mention anything about his achievements, indicating that the merits were all led by the party and the masses.
Former migrant workers helped the people in the new district to carry water and sweep the floor
Carry out "activities to love the people". The masses in the new areas have been deceived by Chiang Kai-shek's army under the rule of the Kuomintang for a long time, believing in "the Communist Party, the Communist Party's wife," "killing people and setting fire to people," and "boiling the oil of the old man." The Kuomintang is not good at fighting wars, propaganda is not good, and the level of rumor-mongering is even lower. How much oil can the old man boil? If you want to boil oil, you have to boil the Kuomintang quartermaster...
The masses in the new district looked down on the former migrant workers calling them "small poles", and insulted each other with the former migrant workers, and even had armed fights. This is very unfavorable to our Party's work in the new Liberated Areas. The cadres also have a wrong understanding of the masses in the new district, holding that the masses in the new area are backward and cannot eat hard; it does not matter whether the relations between the masses are good or bad, anyway, the time they live is not long, and a little bit of things is nothing; they think that they are busy consolidating the migrant workers every day, and they work idle time to do these things; under difficult circumstances, it is inevitable that the phenomenon of violating the discipline of the masses will occur; they will grasp the fear that the peasant workers will be dissatisfied and influence the consolidation; they are afraid of offending people, afraid of being criticized by the masses in the future, and accommodating the backward thinking of the masses. Therefore, Huazhi proposed to strengthen the activities of "the people love the people" and "heart for heart".
The stretcher regiment of the Bohai First Sub-district called on cadres to be considerate of the suffering of the masses, and pointed out: "Doing a good job in the work of the new district is also a achievement of the support front, and if the relationship with the masses in the new district is not good, it will lose the political influence of our party, and allowing the migrant workers to violate the discipline of the masses will not only fail to consolidate the migrant workers well, but it is a crime." "Correct the misunderstanding in the thinking of cadres, and carry out political education for the former migrant workers." The Jiaodong Weihai Migrant Workers' Group proposed among the migrant workers: "In the past, some migrant workers undermined the discipline of the masses and made the masses dissatisfied with what should we do?" Think about what happens to us if we live in a family of migrant workers and destroy our things? It was proposed: "People have left their names, and geese have left their voices", and after education, migrant workers have undergone a great change.
According to the incomplete statistics of the nine migrant workers' teams in Luzhongnan, Bohai, and Jiaodong alone, during the six months of service with the army, they helped the masses cultivate 5,200 mu of arable land, harvest 34,800 mu of crops, hoe 13,300 mu, plant 78 mu of vegetables, create 222.2 mu of peanuts, 163 mu of planing sweet potatoes, 23,700 times of mud house franthing, 21,640 times of rolling, 125.9 mu of wheat planting, and 11,139 times of playing...
In addition, in old China, there was a feudal tradition of "having a mouthful of rice at home and not passing on the craft", but the former migrant workers selflessly passed on the labor technology of the old liberated areas to the people of the new liberated areas. The spinning wheel in the newly liberated area of Rusi was very stupid, the pillars around the wheels were too thin and not strong, and the shaft in the middle was not slippery or fast. The carpentry team of the Bohai Migrant Workers' Team personally made some hand spinning wheels for the residents, and painted a hinge in the middle to save energy and speed. The eldest ladies applauded one by one and said, "The people educated by Chairman Mao have good hearts and eyes." Migrant workers also taught local residents how to make spinning wheels.
Junan migrant workers who accompanied the army to transport supplies
The entry of migrant workers into the new area with the army not only fulfilled the task of supporting the war, but also publicized the party's policy and the situation of the masses in the liberated areas at any time and anywhere through various forms, and educated and inspired the masses in the new area.
The masses in the new districts are often confused about the differences between the People's Liberation Army and the Kuomintang and why they are fighting wars, but through the propaganda and education of migrant workers and the influence of practical actions, they have begun to have a new understanding.
When the Bohai group first arrived in the new area, every family closed their doors and closed their doors, thinking that there was a bar team, and they were very afraid. Later, when I saw them produce, my speech and temperament changed. The crowd said, "Before, when you were like the Central Army, whoever thought you were still so kind was really the ranks of the people." The migrant workers took this opportunity to explain to them: For whom the Kuomintang is fighting the war, and the People's Liberation Army is fighting for whom, we are only coming out to support Chiang Kai-shek.
When they lived in the Xiaoxian area, the migrant workers educated the masses on the tragic fact that the local masses were tanned by the New Fifth Army of the Jiang Bandits, and proposed: "The People's Liberation Army shed blood and sacrificed to annihilate Du Liqiu is for the people's liberation. When organizing the masses to complain, many of the masses said: "The New Fifth Army is here, and the people of zhuanghu cannot get by for a moment; they either fight or scold every day, they don't want pigs or chickens, they rob grain when they see it, and the People's Liberation Army not only does not take it here, but also helps the people to watch the door." ”
When the bohai fourth sub-district stretcher regiment lived in Zhixian County, it preached to the masses: "Oppose the Kuomintang's fake peace and support real peace." "The consciousness of the masses in the new education area after the support of the former migrant workers' group has been greatly improved. After listening, the masses reflected one after another: "Chiang Kai-shek told the People's Liberation Army that it is not okay to fight, pretending to be open, he still wants to get fat and then ruin our people, don't say the People's Liberation Army, we ordinary people can't let it when they hear about it, except for this kind of harm!" ”
The migrant workers not only educated the masses in the new district, but also saw that the masses in the new district were deeply ravaged and oppressed by the Jiang bandits and feudal forces, but also educated the migrant workers themselves. When Ding Ziming, a stretcher regiment of the Bohai First Sub-district, found a woman looking for death because she could not stand the oppression of her mother-in-law, he recalled that when he carried work for the landlord, he also suffered more serious pain than this, and after the Communist Party came, he not only had food and clothing, but also was not oppressed, he hated that he should not be reluctant to come to support the front, the work should not be active, he blamed himself for not forgetting the original, and finally he made up his mind: "I must support the front to the end, unless I make great contributions." Ding Ziming fulfilled his promise, followed the army to fight for eight months to complete the task resolutely, and was rated as a special meritorious hero.
The first brigade of migrant workers in the southeast went to a deserted place in the newly liberated area, and the houses were few, small, and dirty, and everyone said: "How poor this place is, how the people here are doing it, how dirty!" In response to this, the leader asked: "Should we look down on the poor, why are these people so bitter?" He also led everyone to recall the previous hard days, and then asked: "Why did we come out?" "To make everyone initially understand that to do migrant work is to turn over for themselves, and if we want to eliminate Chiang Kai-shek as soon as possible, we must make more efforts." When he first accepted the task in Funing City, the migrant workers were very emotional and quickly completed the task, and most of the migrant workers were still small. There are many such things, and many migrant workers have asked to stay in the new area to help the farmers in the new area turn over and go home.
The stretcher team that surrounded and annihilated Huang Wei's battle achievements
When the Huang Wei Regiment was annihilated, in November, the migrant workers had not yet put on cotton clothes, although the ground was full of cotton clothes and hats, and none of them were picked up; Comrade Liu Mingming, the leader of the first battalion of the East China Sea Transport Regiment (special class gong), led the whole squad to transport ammunition while fighting Huang Botao, and blew up several enemy bunkers under the command of the troops; the migrant workers of the stretcher regiment of the Bohai First Sub-district always covered the wounded with three or four coats every time they transported the wounded, and the migrant workers themselves only wore a single coat; when the long line of migrant workers passed through Xuzhou and Bengbu, the citizens all said strangely:" Why didn't these masters run away without them? The Communist Party really has a way. The migrant worker replied: "Zhiqian is voluntary, and only by eliminating Old Jiang can we live a peaceful life!" ”
The patient and meticulous political and ideological work of the former migrant workers' regiment in the Huaihai Campaign not only organized a group of scattered peasants into a steely contingent, but also supported the war to win liberation. What is more important is that the new party members and cadres who came out of the rain of bullets and bullets quickly filled the blank of the cadres in the old areas who went south to liberate all of China, and even made their own contributions to the construction of the motherland after the founding of New China.
Group photo of the 12th detachment of the 3rd Squadron of the Zhaobei Stretcher Squadron, which won the title of "Light in the Line of Fire" of the East China Branch Committee (photographed in the 1960s)
Comrade Zhang Yushu, a former meritorious officer of the special branch of the Huaihai Campaign, returned to the village (Niuxibu Township, Laixi City, Shandong Province) after the battle to play a pioneering and exemplary role in everything, actively led the masses to take the road of collectivization, and was commended by the party organizations at higher levels on many occasions, and was rated as "model village cadre" and "outstanding communist party member". After suffering from cancer, before dying, he repeatedly told his wife: "Don't forget to pay me this month's membership fee..." At the age of 58. Outstanding party members and cadres like Zhang Yushu who emerged in the Huaihai Campaign became the cornerstone of new China's construction.
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