Many fruit grower friends will send some pictures in the background to ask what diseases and pests are. To this end, we have deliberately collected some common pests and diseases of citrus and the symptoms of vegetarian deficiency for the study and reference of fruit growers. After the fruit growers learn, when they encounter related symptoms in the orchard, they can be compared and recognized, and they no longer need to ask for help!
Diseases
1. Citrus dragon disease
Yellow dragon can occur throughout the year, and new shoots in summer and autumn are the most susceptible to disease;
Spring shoots turn green and yellow shoots, summer and autumn do not turn green and yellow shoots appear;
One or two branches of yellow shoots in the initial disease, commonly known as golden flowers in Cantonese farmers;
The diseased leaves are yellowed or mottled, and the leaves are hard and brittle and lack luster;
The disease germinates early in the following spring, and the new shoots are extracted early and weak fibers are extracted;
Diseased trees bloom early, and the flowers are deformed like ping-pong;
Multiple flowers gathered into clusters, commonly known as flower balls in Cantonese farmers;
The middle stage of the diseased tree rots in the root, and as a result, the ability is gradually lost.
2. Citrus canker disease
The pathogen of ulcers is bacteria, and the harmful branches and leaves are even more harmful to the fruit;
The rupture spots bulge and the wood is bolted, and the top is cracked like a volcano;
The ulcer spots on the leaves penetrate both sides, and the ulcer spots are wrapped around the yellow halo;
The branches and fruits are also raised, but the yellow halo is difficult to see;
Moist plaque exudative pus, refers to the tactile sign of bacteriosystatic viscosity;
Canker leaves are not deformed, another feature of the disease.
3. Citrus anthrax
Anthrax pathogen anthracnose, invading branches, leaves, flowers and fruits;
Branches and leaves symptoms are divided into rapid and slow, and the dried scars of the diseased fruits are tearful;
There are also fruit rot types of diseased fruits, which are more common in storage and transportation after harvesting;
The symptoms of the disease are diverse, which is a feature of anthrax;
The bacteria are latently invasive, which can be called another feature of the bacteria;
The pathogen is also weakly parasitic, and the tree body is weak and susceptible to invasion;
What are the symptoms? Wet and dry is not the same;
The symptoms are vermilion dots during the tide and turn into small black dots when dry.
4. Citrus scabs
Scab pathogen Scab spores, which are mainly harmful to young young branches and leaves;
The scabs of the affected area are bolted, and the conical protrusions do not collapse;
The leaf scab protrudes only towards the dorsal side of the leaf, and the leaf surface is concave like a funnel;
The branches and leaves are deformed and twisted, and the affected area is moldy during the tide.
5. Citrus nia mildew
The pathogen of tobacco mold is a fungus, which mainly harms branches and leaves and fruits;
The surface of the affected part is full of black mold, just like the smoke, so it is named;
Photosynthesis is greatly hindered, and eventually the tree momentum gradually declines;
Most of the pathogens are epiphytic bacteria, and only small coals are parasitic;
Epiphytic tobacco mold is rampant with insects, and insects disappear from natural diseases;
Prevent parasitic small coals and spray drugs early to prevent them.
6. Citrus foot rot
The pathogen of foot rot is fungus, which mainly harms the stem base and root neck;
The cortex is initially brown and wet rot, and the smell is like wine lees;
The affected area oozes with glue and mucus, and it is easy to be washed away when it rains;
Rapid expansion of the disease during the tide, and slowing or stopping in the drought;
The bark is cracked until it peels off, and even the xylem is exposed;
7. Citrus scab disease
Black star, also known as black spot disease, the main harm is fruit;
Fruit spots reddish brown or black brown, lesions two mm in diameter;
The incubation period of the disease is very long, and the young fruits of the green fruit have been infected;
This pathogen is stem spot mold, and post-flower prevention needs to be done early.
8. Citrus green and green mold disease
Penicillium chlorophyllus fungal disease, the most famous storage fruit disease;
The fruit surface becomes soft and moist at first, and later the spotted surface appears white mold;
White mold turns blue or green, and the white mold band of the spot edge remains;
The white band of green mold appears broad, and the band of penicillium is narrow, which is the opposite;
Green mold fruit rot fast, green fruit rot is half slower;
Where to grasp the prevention and treatment of the two diseases? Preservation and antiseptic storage at low temperatures.
Nine, citrus plaster disease
Plaster pathogen Basidiom, the main pest of branches growing plaster spots;
The spots are gray or brown in color, and they are all mycelial membranes of pathogens;
The membrane adheres to the branches and looks like plaster;
Germs can be born with honeydew, and aphids are rampant;
Pest control and disease control to grasp prevention, medicinal application of ointment plaque bacteriostatic expansion;
Fresh cow urine is coated on the affected part, which is the first of the Cantonese fruit farmers.
10. Citrus dimorph disease
There are many names for citrus dimorph disease, and the lipid macula is an alias;
Also known as the small brown round star, the main pest of leaf blistering;
Herpetic-like patches of black brown, the back of the leaf is the most distinct;
Some vesicles are both-sided, black-brown and glazed;
There have been physiological theories of pathogens, and there have also been thoughts of rusty ticks;
Newly identified as fungi, including Verrucous leaf spotted mold.
Pests
1. Citrus red spider
Citrus pest mite red spider, also known as citrus full claw mite;
Classified into the leaf mite family, sap sucking is harmful to leaf ash;
Mites are pear-shaped dark red with a body length of less than half a millimeter;
Adult mites have four pairs of feet, and juvenile mites have three pairs.
2. Citrus wood lice
Citrus pyllids, a member of the family P. lycaenidae, which is the main pest of young leaf buds;
Young buds atrophy leaf deformities, but also honeydew to induce soot;
Spread citrus dragon disease, which is far more harmful than the insects themselves;
Adults are three mm long and have a body color of blue-gray wax powder;
Translucent wings with brown stripes, pointed head and broad body diamond-shaped;
Nymphs of the body are yellow-flattened and oval, and wax filaments are secreted around the abdomen;
Eight to fourteen generations per year, adults overwinter and gather leaf backs;
There are many kinds of natural enemies of wood lice, the first of which is Ji Jumping Two Wasps.
3. Citrus aphids
Aphids are in the same family as winged aphids, and there are many species of citrus aphids;
Orange aphid dipterus, peach cotton bean aphid radish aphid;
The body is oval and soft, and the color is more bluish-green with the seasons;
Both sexes reproduce or parthenogenesis, or both;
Dozens of generations per year, warm and dry and profitable reproduction;
Natural enemies are more than 100 species of aphid cocoon jumping wasps, scoop flies and spiders.
4. Citrus leafminer moth
Leafminer moths belong to the family Orange submersible, commonly known as embroidered drawing worms;
The larvae feed on young leaves, and the moth is also known as the ghost drawing symbol;
The curly and brittle leaves hinder the growth of new shoots;
Insect wounds are easy to induce ulcer disease, and the addition of insect diseases increases the harm.
Adult silver-white moth with a body length of about two mm;
The larvae are yellow-green in color, with flattened and pointed spindles at both ends;
Most of the overwintering insects are pupae, and the leaf margins are autumn and winter shoots;
The annual generation is ten, and the south China generation is fifteen;
Generational overlap is not neat, and the extraction is not neat and suffers heavily;
Natural enemies parasites and bees, as well as grasshoppers and ants.
5. Citrus rust ticks
Citrus pest mite rust ticks, classified into the gall mite family;
The main pest citrus fruit sucks the juice, and the pest fruit becomes a black peel fruit;
The mites are shaped like carrots, and the body is more segmented and striated;
The ten mites are nearly a millimeter long and are difficult to see with the naked eye.
6. Citrus black brown roundworm
Black-brown roundworm shield family, widely spread north and south of the host;
The female shell is nearly round, and the tapered bulge resembles a hat;
The subcollustal insect body is inverted ovate, orange wingless one millimeter;
The male is long and oval in the shell, and the insect body is orange and yellow-winged;
South China has five or six generations a year, and parthenogenes cannot reproduce;
Predators are a variety of aphid wasps, ladybird grasshopper red mold.
7. Citrus blowing silkworms
Blowing sponges belong to the family Macrophyllaceae, and there are many hosts in the north and south;
Female adult bugs are ovoid and characterized by oocysts;
The egg sac is white and pouch-shaped, with a dozen ridges on it;
The male has only one pair of wings and is small and resembles a large mosquito;
Three or four generations per year in South China, reproduction depends on parthenogenesis;
Predators first push the Australian scoop, the red scoop grasshopper shoot fungus.
8. Citrus red wax bug
Red wax borer belongs to the wax borer family, widely distributed and many hosts;
The female is hemispherical in the shell with four white ash bands;
The insect body has a purple-red back, and the wings are degenerated into wingless;
The male adult is one millimeter long and the wing spread is more than twice as long;
Wax bugs occur only one generation a year, and fertilized females come to overwinter;
Spawning is abundant in May and June, and there are nearly ten species of natural enemies of wasps.
9. Citrus sativa
The yasukite is a member of the shield family, and the female is shelled like a pepper;
The anterior tip is a wide longitudinal ridge, and the color is yellow-brown and gray-white;
The male insect has a narrow and elongated shell, and three longitudinal ridges of the color white back;
If the shell is nearly shoe-shaped, the color of the shell is nearly yellowish;
Three or four generations per year in South China, with overlapping reproductive generations of both sexes;
There are no less than thirty kinds of natural enemies, and the first to recommend the aphid square head armor.
10. Citrus heap wax powdery beetle
Heap wax powdery beetle powderyx family, thorn sucking branches and harmful fruits;
The female is oval purple-black with a thick wax powder on the back of the body;
There are also coarse wax filaments at the body edge, and a pair of long wax filaments at the end of the body;
Adult males are purple in color and rarely rely on parthenogenes;
Guangzhou has five or six generations of annual development, and the mid-summer and autumn are the most popular;
Natural enemies of Meng's hidden lip scoop, as well as grasshopper parasites.
11. Citrus ground mealybug
Ground mealworm belongs to the family Mealybug, commonly known as the white insect cub in the soil;
Into a thorn sucks the fine whisker root, and the damaged fine root cortex rots;
Females are oval yellowish in color, and the body is covered with flocculent ash powder;
Eggs lay on the soil blocks of young roots, with waxy ovary-like appendages;
The male adult is grayish white, and the flying lai has a pair of forewings;
Prevention and control fundamentally grasp the rotation, and the root area is filled with poison to kill insects.
12. Citrus black prickly whitefly
Black-spotted whitefly, sucking juice to induce soot;
Adults are nearly one millimeter , with seven purple spots on the forewings;
The nymphs are three years old, and there are ash rings around the rim;
The pupae have a shiny black back bulge with dozens of pairs of spiny hairs;
Four or five generations of annual generations, nymph leaves come on their backs to overwinter;
Predators are small bees, jumping bees and ladybugs.
XiII. Citrus sprouts
B. gall mosquitoes belong to the family Phytophthora, adults lay eggs in tender buds;
The larvae hatch into the drill buds, stimulating the young shoots to become gall tumors;
Adults are orange-red like fine mosquitoes, with a wingspan of only three millimeters;
The old mature larvae are milky white, and the body spindle is long millimeters;
Guangzhou has three or four generations a year, and the old insects overwinter and bounce into the ground;
The larvae are resistant to immersion and drought, and use cocoons to overcome the evil situation.
14. Citrus Tianniu
Tianniu elyptioned Tianniu family, more than 50 species of pest oranges;
Star brown green sky cow is common, widely distributed in various citrus areas in China;
The larvae eat the branches of the trees, causing the branches to die lightly;
The Star Green Sky Cow Generation and the Brown Bull Generation span two years.
Star cow is commonly known as the root worm, first moth the cortex and then moth the heart,
Adult elytra wings bright black, old worm breast plate embossed,
Main pest stem base and main root; roundabout moth feeding on the head of the bib;
The upper part has white spots in five rows; the head of the larval tree overwinters.
Green cattle are commonly known as blowing worms, which mainly harm citrus branches;
Moth small branches first and then large branches, and harmful branches are covered with fecal discharge holes;
Adult elytra are dark green with dots and wrinkles on the top;
The old worm's breast plate is now bulging, and the larvae overwinter in the branches.
Brown cattle are commonly known as old wood worms, which mainly harm the main branches and trunks;
The branches are often dripping, and the wooden moths are crisscrossed;
Adult elytra are bright brown with grayish-yellow villi;
The old insect has a brown broad band on the chest plate and overwinters into a larvae.
Fifteen, citrus weevil
Weevil Coleopteraeaceae, more than ten pest weevils;
The leaves are mutilated and the fruit is now scarred, and the rampant flowers and fruits are harmful;
The adults have a gourd-like appearance and a small green nearly seven millimeters long;
The outer part of the elytra is pinkish green, and the head tube is curved like an elephant trunk;
In the second generation of the annual generation, the larvae overwinter in the soil.
Sixteen, citrus scarab beetles
Golden turtle elypterae, subdivided into several families of gill;
There are more than fifty species of pest oranges, and there are many tea turtles with aeruginosa flowers;
Adults are infested to the upper part of the ground, and the larvae bite the underground roots;
The hard shell of the adult worm is elytra, and the elytra does not fully cover the abdomen;
The antennae are mostly gill-leaf-shaped, and the forefoot is mostly excavated foot;
Adult insects tend to light pseudo-death, lamp lure vibration fall is often used;
The larvae are collectively called grubs, and the body is fat and milky, often curved;
There are more than one generation of annual occurrences, and the larvae overwinter in the soil.
17. Citrus leaf beetle
Leafy Elytraaceae, more than eight species of pest oranges;
It is common, mainly harmful to leaves and shoots;
The malignant beetle bites the leaves, and the leaves are scorched black with constipation pollution;
The submarine armor feeds on the bud leaves, and the submersible marks curve like tunnels.
Adult beetles are blue-black and have an oval body of four millimeters;
There are ten longitudinal stripes of the elytra, and the hind legs are greatly jumped;
The larvae are about six mm long and stain feces with mucus on the back;
Guangdong has six or seven generations a year, and adult insects overwinter at dry seams.
Adult beetles are orange-red and resemble the size of a malignant carapace;
Eleven longitudinal lines of elytra, hind feet are developed and good at jumping;
The larvae sneak under the leaf surface and submerge on the fleshy curved spots of the leaves;
The annual generation is only one generation, and the adults overwinter under the loose soil.
18. Citrus inchworm
Inchworm lepidoptera, more than seven species of pests;
Common bridge-building oil tung ruler, larvae overeating to cause bald branches;
Adult moths are medium-sized, and nocturnal are mostly phototropic;
South China has three or five generations a year, and most of them overwinter in pupae soil.
The tung ruler moth is nearly white, and the wings are densely covered with gray-black spots;
There are also three brown ripples, and the moth is generally medium-sized;
The larvae have only two pairs of gastropods, and the walking body arches like a hunchback;
The body color also changes with the environment, from greenish gray to dark brown.
The bridge ruler moth is gray-brown with one stellate spot on its wings;
There are also two inner and outer lines, and the moth is smaller than the tung ruler;
The larvae also have two pairs of gastropods, and the walking body arches like a bridge;
The body is yellow-green with a wide dorsal line and multiple black longitudinal lines.
19. Citrus fruit-sucking moth
Moths in the family Nocturnidae, moths nocturnal stinging fruit sucking;
There are dozens of insect species, common billed pot bird bill pot;
The feeding habits of moths are different, and they are divided into healthy fruits and rotten fruits;
The outside of the fruit is a prickly hole, which often causes the pulp to rot.
The moth with a mouth is medium-sized and has a distinctive tan shape on the forewings;
The outer edge of the wing tip is horned, and the middle of the posterior edge is absent;
The larvae are pitch black , with longitudinal bands of flowers on the dorsal side;
The longitudinal band is strung with flower spots, and each section has a large macula.
Bird moths are larger than bill moths, and the forewings are also different in brown shape;
The outer edge of the wing tip is more prominent, and the posterior margin is more incisive and deeper;
The larvae are greyish yellow with black bands on the dorsal abdomen;
The second ventral side has eye spots, which are the characteristic points of the larvae.
20. Citrus butterfly
Bulbophyllaceae, the main host of the family Rubiaceae;
There are more than 20 kinds, and the mandarin butterfly jade belt is common;
The larvae bite the leaves into a missing moment, and are frightened to protrude from the folding glands;
Two butterflies grow five or six generations a year, and the branches of the spit are overwintered.
The wings of the mandarin butterfly are yellow and white, and the outer edge of the wings is spotted like a crescent moon;
There are six summer crescent moon spots, and eight spring crescent moon spots;
Low juvenile coarse black like a bird, old and young smooth body yellow-green;
The anterior two segments of the abdomen have a ring belt, and the dark green ring band is synthetic v;
The wings of the jade phoenix are all black, and there are multiple white spots on the wings;
The two wing spots of the male butterfly are connected, resembling a jade belt to get a name;
Larvae of all ages have large color differences, and young yellow-white to yellowish-brown;
The elderly body is also bright green, and the body is mixed with oblique white stripes.
21. Citrus root-knot nematodes
Citrus root-knot nematode disease, the main pest root system causes tumors;
Large and small nodules have pointed roots, initially yellow-white and then black-brown;
The root of the diseased plant has few root hairs, and the vertical and horizontal coils resemble dough cakes;
The initial stage of the canopy is not obvious, and the development of the disease gradually declines;
The leaves are yellow and lustrous, and the fruits are few and easy to fall early;
Once soil-borne disease is induced, the diseased plant is accelerated to death.
Lack of elements
1. Citrus is nitrogen-deficient
The young leaves with nitrogen deficiency are uniformly yellow, and the leaf small and thin shoots are not strong;
The flowers are small and easy to fall, and the plants are short and hungry.
Second, citrus phosphorus deficiency
Phosphorus deficiency of old leaves pre-emerging, leaf shape and size is still normal;
The leaf color is often bronze green, and some leaves are purple in color.
Third, citrus is deficient in potassium
Potassium deficiency of old leaves appears first, and the leaf margin of the leaf tip begins to be yellow;
After yellowing, it turns into a dry spot, and the leaf margin is deformed.
Fourth, citrus calcium deficiency
Neo-shoot young leaves are pre-emerging, and the young leaves are normal in size and shape;
The leaf edges of the leaf tips are yellowed, and the ends of the branches are prone to death.
Fifth, citrus magnesium deficiency
Magnesium deficiency is also known as stagnant yellowing disease, and the yellowing shape of the old leaves remains unchanged;
The initial leaf veins are still green, and the yellow-green reflects the ribs;
In the later period, the old leaves are yellowed and only remain green at the base of the leaves;
The leaf-based green patch is nearly triangular, which is the characteristic point of magnesium deficiency.
Sixth, citrus zinc deficiency
Zinc deficiency is also known as leaflet disease, and young leaf disease is pre-emerging;
Uneven yellowing of leaves, green leaf flesh yellowing of the main veins;
Even then, the whole leaf is mottled, and the leaves are hard and straight and narrow;
Huanglong disease occurs in the middle stage, and the symptoms and zinc deficiency are often difficult to distinguish.
Seven, citrus lack of manganese
Manganese deficiency is commonly known as stagnant yellow disease, also known as flower and leaf purple blood scorch;
Manganese and zinc deficiency is similar, and it is easy to distinguish between careful comparisons;
Manganese deficiency leaf flesh color yellow-green, zinc deficiency leaf flesh yellow more obvious;
The manganese-deficient leaves are normal in shape, and the zinc-deficient young leaves are now narrow and small.
8. Iron deficiency in citrus
Iron deficiency larval disease is present first, and the leaf shape is still normal;
The leaves are also not uniformly yellowed, and the green reticulation is characteristic.
9. Citrus is short of copper
Copper deficiency is commonly known as top death disease, and young leaves are not yellow;
It is dark green and different, and the leaf veins are arched and curved;
The branches are long and soft and twisted, and the top is easy to die, so it is commonly known;
Young fruits are often transversely lobed, and the peel is now brownish red.
The article is selected from agricultural assistants
Business cooperation and exchange: 13156015008 (WeChat same number)