What is "Edict"? How to explain? This requires us to bite the bullet and chew the words carefully. First of all, let's explain the "edict", which is recorded in the "History of Qin Shi Huang Benji": "The book-making, the order of the imperial system, is also known as the 'system'. Edicts, edicts. Edict, accusation also. That is to say, the "edict" is an order issued by the emperor, which has a specific meaning and is used exclusively by the emperor. "Prison" has two meanings, the first layer is naturally the meaning of prison that everyone can understand. In the Jin Wen Shu Lin, it is written that "according to the Scriptures of The Book of Ji, the word prison refers to prison litigation as a word, and does not have to refer to the place of imprisonment." In other words, "prison" does not only mean prison, but can also be used to refer to legal cases. This is the second meaning of "prison". From the above, we can know that the meaning of "zhao prison" is that the emperor directly ordered the detention of prisoners in prison or a legal case ordered by the emperor.
The history of Zhao Prison is long, and there are corresponding records as early as the Two Han Dynasties. It is recorded in the Book of Later Han and the Biography of Liu Xuan that the Chimei army established Liu Penzi as emperor, and Liu Gong, who was then in charge of the new regime, was Liu Penzi's brother, and he believed that he was deeply guilty, so he "took it upon himself to be imprisoned". The same is the Book of the Later Han Dynasty, in which the "Biography of Li Gu" also has a corresponding record. During the reign of Emperor Shun of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Li Gu, the Great Si Nong, was aware of the shortcomings in the talent selection process at that time, so he went to Shu Chen. Emperor Shun accepted his suggestion, "Therefore decreed that the states should be punished below the order, and those who were perverse in government and who encountered no favor were exempted from their residence; and those who committed crimes of adultery and felony were paid for the edicts." "
From the above records, it is not difficult to see that in the Two Han Dynasties, the prison was a relatively common criminal administration, and there was nothing very special about it, let alone frightening people, until the Song Dynasty. It is recorded in the "History of song and criminal law": "It was originally intended to correct the big adultery, so it is not common." "This gives us a clear understanding of the Song Dynasty's edicts. Prisons of this period were pickets of great traitors and were not very common.
Its deterrent targets are mainly princes and nobles, and as an important means of attacking princes and nobles, everyone knows it and has a lingering feeling. This does not affect the political order of the entire country.
The above, the zhao prison is still in the stage of development, the real maturity and widespread use, in the Ming Dynasty. And what controls the entire prison system is the Jinyi Guard that we all know. At this time, the zhao prison was acted by the Beizhen Fusi, and from the emperor,taking orders and acting directly past the three divisions of the Punishment Department, dali temple, and duchayuan, which meant that the Jinyi guards could extort confessions by torture, fabricate evidence, and even take people's lives. At the time of Jiajing, the Criminal Department gave Liu Ji Youyun in the matter: "The state has placed three legal departments, specializing in criminal prisons, or the main hostage, or the main rehabilitation." The rulers of power shall not be separated by grievances, and the Son of Heaven shall not be emphatic with joy and anger. Since the Jinyi Zhenfu official is in charge of the prison, and the law division is almost a fictitious one. It can be seen that power is no longer constrained, and the legal organs established by the state are useless, threatening not only the imperial court, but even the entire state society.
#pgc-card .pgc-card-href { text-decoration: none; outline: none; display: block; width: 100%; height: 100%; } #pgc-card .pgc-card-href:hover { text-decoration: none; } /*pc 样式*/ .pgc-card { box-sizing: border-box; height: 164px; border: 1px solid #e8e8e8; position: relative; padding: 20px 94px 12px 180px; overflow: hidden; } .pgc-card::after { content: " "; display: block; border-left: 1px solid #e8e8e8; height: 120px; position: absolute; right: 76px; top: 20px; } .pgc-cover { position: absolute; width: 162px; height: 162px; top: 0; left: 0; background-size: cover; } .pgc-content { overflow: hidden; position: relative; top: 50%; -webkit-transform: translateY(-50%); transform: translateY(-50%); } .pgc-content-title { font-size: 18px; color: #222; line-height: 1; font-weight: bold; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; } .pgc-content-desc { font-size: 14px; color: #444; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; padding-top: 9px; overflow: hidden; line-height: 1.2em; display: -webkit-inline-box; -webkit-line-clamp: 2; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; } .pgc-content-price { font-size: 22px; color: #f85959; padding-top: 18px; line-height: 1em; } .pgc-card-buy { width: 75px; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 50px; color: #406599; font-size: 14px; text-align: center; } .pgc-buy-text { padding-top: 10px; } .pgc-icon-buy { height: 23px; width: 20px; display: inline-block; background: url(https://lf1-cdn-tos.bytescm.com/obj/cdn-static-resource/pgc/v2/pgc_tpl/static/image/commodity_buy_f2b4d1a.png); }
Good book sharing details Datang details Great Song details explain those things popular reading genuine books ¥88 purchase
The environment of the prison is very harsh, and the punishment is extremely cruel. Historical records record that in prison, "water and fire were not entered, and the atmosphere of the epidemic was full of prisons." The entire cell was built in a dark and damp underground, the air was not smooth, rats and insects were everywhere, and the prisoners in it were tortured, and the putrid smell of the body and the smell of blood filled the whole prison. There are eighteen kinds of punishments in prison, such as fingers, sticks, peeling, tongues, broken ridges, fallen fingers, piercing hearts, pipas, etc., and in the process of continuous research and development, the punishment is becoming more and more inhumane. In the "Ming Shi Penal System", it is recorded that "the person who is captured, the hands and feet are salty nailed to the door panel, take the asphalt and pour it all over the body, knock it with the vertebrae, and the body is peeled off, and its shell is like a person", and the text description alone can make people sweat and stand upside down.
During the Wanli Dynasty, Emperor Mingzong Zhu Yijun threw Qian Ruogeng, the prefect of Linjiang, into prison for thirty-seven years, but he could not be released, and his son Qian Jingzhong was admitted to the Zhongjinshi after shangshu: "During the thirty-seven years of the subject's father... Qi and blood are exhausted... Pus and blood, bloated limbs, sores all over the body, more foot tumors, step by step. The ear has no smell, the eye has no sight, the hand cannot be transported, the foot cannot be walked, and there is still a little breath in the throat, which is not dead, but it is actually an ear with death. "Thirty-seven years of imprisonment tortured an otherwise healthy person into an inhuman form, and only after Emperor Xizong Zhu ascended the throne was released, and the dark life was enough to drive a person crazy.
The most important person behind the zhao prison is actually the emperor, and its role was infinitely magnified in feudal societies where imperial power was supreme, especially in the Ming and Qing dynasties, when absolute monarchy reached its peak. It is difficult for those who have been thrown into prison to get out, because this is the will of those in power, and it is extremely difficult to challenge those in power, even if they are released after thirty-seven years, it is because the emperor was touched by his son's filial piety and thus opened his eyes. It is conceivable that if he did not win the emperor's sympathy, he would eventually spend the rest of his life underground.
In fact, Zhao Prison is a typical representative of the rule of man, who is far from the legal framework and completely relies on the will of the ruler. Whether it was fair or unfair, benevolent or cruel depended entirely on the emperor, so its legitimacy would be greatly reduced. The abuse of monarchy in the Ming and Qing dynasties promoted the constant change of the zhao prison, and eventually made people deeply resentful.