Life is precious, love is more expensive, if it is for freedom, both can be thrown away. The Hungarian poet Petëfi's Freedom and Love was widely praised all over the world and inspired countless people.
▲ Petëfi is a patriotic poet and hero of Hungary, and the founder of Hungarian national literature
Speaking of Petofi, I have to mention an old story. Rimu Xiangguan's father was a teacher, when the school built a library, the supplier gave away a batch of books to the teacher, and his father brought back two copies, called: "The Legend of The World Celebrity", published in 1990, in the form of a comic strip about the life course of 43 celebrities, including Pei Duofei.
▲ In order to write this article, I deliberately went to look for it, and actually found it, after many moves, the book has been old and unbearable, but the content is still good, thank you father, I wish him a good day in heaven.
Petśfi was born in 1823 in Kishkelesz , Hungary ( now part of the Slovak Republic ) to the son of a butcher and descendant of a run-down nobleman , the daughter of a shoemaker , both of whom were ethnic Slovaks. Petrovich named his son Alexander, and due to the Hungarian government's policy of assimilation at the time, all minorities had to take Hungarian names, so Petrović renamed his son Petofi Sandor.
Petrovich had high expectations of his son, and Petofi entered primary school at the age of 5, then transferred to the boarding school of Kchikmet to learn Hungarian and Latin, and according to his father's vision, he could become a priest or businessman in the future. But Petofi was less interested in learning and was obsessed with drama. In 1839, Petofi dropped out of school to do a theater choreography, then falsely reported his age to join the army (because of tuberculosis), and then entered the wandering theater troupe as an actor, the complex experience gave him a deep understanding of the life of the Hungarian people, which also laid the foundation for him to engage in poetry creation and even to the revolutionary road.
During the Habsburg era, Hungary had always been a vassal of Austria
In 1843, Petofi published his first collection of poems and officially entered the literary world, and the following year he began to serve as assistant editor of the Pace Fashion Newspaper, and completed the masterpiece "The Warrior of Janosh". The long poems were well received after their publication, and Petëfi became a popular poet in Hungary.
At that time, Hungary was under the rule of the Habsburg Dynasty, and the struggle for national independence was the wish of many Hungarians, and Petofi sensed that the revolution was coming, and he used poetry as a weapon to call on everyone to go out of the grass shed and overthrow the palace! When the Hungarian revolution broke out in 1848, the 25-year-old Petëfi braved the rain to participate in the parade and recited on the spot his poem "The Song of the Nation" for the revolution: Rise up Hungarians, the motherland is calling, are you willing to be a free man, or a slave? ...... We swear that we will not continue to be slaves!
▲ The record of the cause of Petofi's death in the "Legend of the World Celebrity"
The following year Hungary adopted the Declaration of Freedom and established a republic. But the Habsburgs were not content to accept defeat, and russia, the "gendarme of Europe", brutally suppressed the Hungarian uprising, and in the summer of 1849, the 26-year-old Colonel Petofi died under the spear of the Cossack cavalry during the retreat, leaving behind his wife at the age of 22 and a son of 1 and a half years old.
The description of the cause of Pedofi's death mainly comes from a Hungarian military doctor who was present at the time, and after the war, no one had seen Petofi, and death should be the inevitable destination. It is said that after his death, General Beim sent people to the battlefield several times to search for the remains of Petofi in order to bring them back for burial, but they were not found, so they had to build a crown tomb for posterity to remember. The same is true of Rimu Xiangguan's "Biography of World Celebrities", so until I graduated from college, I thought that Pei Duofei's life was fixed at the age of 26.
▲ Hungarian Statue of Petofi
In fact, since the sacrifice of Petofi, various theories have been circulated in Hungary, mentioning that he is still alive in the world, and even some people have sworn that they have seen Petofi in the street market, and some people say that he has become a tramp and haunted near the Danube.
One of these claims caught the attention of Hungarian society, a Hungarian prisoner of war who returned from Russia claimed that there was a prisoner of war camp in Siberia called Petrović. Sandor's countrymen resembled what was said to be Petofi, and the Polish revolutionaries Wienyevsky and Malinowski also claimed to have seen him in a prisoner-of-war camp.
After exploring, it was discovered that in the village of Barguzinno in Siberia, there was once a political prisoner named Petrovich, who looked very similar to Petofi, and it is said that he married the daughter of the local postman, gave birth to a son, and later died of tuberculosis. And Pei Duofei was forced to retire because of tuberculosis.
▲ Mr. Mormaui, who is determined to uncover the mystery of Petofi's death
In the 1980s, an entrepreneur named Mormaui Ferenc made his fortune by opening a factory in his hometown of Petofi. At the end of the Cold War, when various currents of thought were rising, Petofi, as Hungary's hero for national independence, had a strong practical significance, so various theories surrounding his death began to flourish again. Ferenc wanted to make a contribution to Petofi's hometown, so he spent a lot of money to organize a research team to explore The whereabouts of Petofi.
At that time, the Soviet Union had not yet collapsed, and the expedition found a list of prisoners of war from the Soviet Union's declassified archives of the Russian invasion of Hungary in 1849, and found the name of Petofi in it, which showed that he was exiled to Siberia. The expedition then found an eighty-year-old man in Siberia and mentioned that there was a foreign revolutionary named Petrovich buried in the cemetery of the village, so the expedition invited the old man to go with him to identify him.
▲ The remains of Petofi
After arriving, the expedition team was surprised to find that the cemetery was strikingly similar to the photos of the Pedofi cemetery circulated in that year, because after many years, the tombstones and other objects have disappeared, the expedition team excavated more than 20 bones at the scene, and found a skeleton highly suspected of Petofi in it. The Hungarian anthropologist Kisei, who participated in the expedition, immediately determined that this was the remains of Petofi. Petofi was born with two tiger teeth, was left-handed, was easily recognizable, and had broken two ribs during his lifetime, accompanied by tuberculosis, which were confirmed in the remains.
According to local recollections, the owner of the tomb was a Hungarian poet surnamed Petrovich, who died in 1856, and the earlier tombstone was inscribed with the words ASP, which was Petofi's full name - Alexander. Shandor. Abbreviation of Petofi.
▲ Petofi standard portrait, handsome and tall
Just as the truth was about to come out, the Hungarian official newspaper published an article asking people not to believe the lies that Petofi had become a traitor to Russia and had married and had children in Siberia, and also accused the inspectors of ignoring the facts and deliberately slandering hungary's national hero in order to deprive Hungary of this proud genius revolutionary poet who had refused to compromise, betray and timid. This statement has a strong political nature, hungary at that time was turning to the West, hatred of Russia is a kind of political correctness, if the investigation confirms that Petofi did not die, but also became a prisoner and son-in-law of the Russians, it is undoubtedly a satire on the Hungarian national spirit, so they are unwilling and dare not admit this fact.
Under the suppression of political forces, the investigation ended without any success, and Mormaui, who wanted to do good deeds, not only did not receive honor, but was also criticized by all walks of life, and even beaten by strangers, and finally left in a gray and slippery manner.
▲ Petofi's wife, she remarried after PeiDuofei's death, but her life was not happy
Fast forward to 2001, a news item called "The Battle of Petofi's Corpse" made Hungarian headlines, mentioning that an organization called the "Petofi Commission" had transported the suspected Petofi remains back to Hungary and, with the permission of the relevant agencies, would open the grave of Petofi's mother for scientific examination to verify the true identity of the remains.
The inspection has not yet begun, and adverse news has broken out. The American structure responsible for the custody of the remains announced that after identification, it was found that the remains found in Siberia were actually women, not Petofi. As a result, various objections have sprung up, believing that the relevant institutions do not respect the deceased and are suspected of desecrating national heroes, and the inquest demands are once again stranded.
▲Mormaui was issued a certificate by the Shanghai Sijian Institute
In September 2014, the Shanghai-based judicial laboratory received a special application for a commission, by Mormaui, chairman of the Hungarian Pedofi Commission (yes, the one who organized the search for the remains), on the grounds that the forensic doctor had compared the remains of The suspected Petofi with blood samples from the surviving sixth and seventh generation of women of his aunt to verify the authenticity of the remains. Previously, due to technical and other reasons, accurate test results have not been obtained, and this time I found the Shanghai Judicial Laboratory, which was also forced to be helpless.
Pei Duofei is extremely famous in China, but few people know about the mystery of his life and death, and Dr. Li Chengtao of the Shanghai Sijian Institute was deeply surprised after receiving the task: "A leg bone of more than 100 years and two blood samples of Pei Duofei's descendants, the difficulty of identifying the complex kinship is evident."
In order to solve the mystery of Pei Duofei's life and death, Si Jian organized expert public relations, certified and compared and analyzed the extraction methods of bone DNA, and combined with past experience, formulated multiple sets of programs. In the process of testing, the Sijian Institute encountered trouble again, because the blood samples of Aunt Pei Duofei's descendants were too long to collect, and when they were transported to Shanghai, they had deteriorated, but the Sijian Institute overcame various difficulties and finally successfully completed the test.
▲ Press conference on the identification of Pei Duofei's remains
The final test results suggest that there is a close biological relationship between the leg bone and the blood sample, which objectively supports the fact that the leg bone is most likely Petofi himself.
Mormaui, who got the inspection report, was very excited, he spent more than 20 years of time and a lot of money, invited the United States, Switzerland and other units to identify the remains, did not get the desired results, did not expect that Chinese experts helped solve the puzzle. On March 13, 2015, the Hungarian Petofi Committee held a press conference on the identification of The Remains of Petofi in Budapest, and the members of the Peidofi Committee, anthropologists, senior media reporters, biographers and posterity of Pei Dofi attended the meeting.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > concluding remarks:</h1>
The revelation of the mystery of Pei Duofei's death has not weakened the appeal and persuasiveness of the poet's great spirit; he has lived a bright and upright life, fighting for the motherland and the people, heroic and fearless, and there is a witness; his poetry is in volumes, the words are pearlescent, and the brilliance is dazzling, and he will always be a great poet in the history of world literature who shines for thousands of years and flows for hundreds of years.