Episode 2124: Fig lac insect, inflorescence ficus

【Huang's Ancient Architecture Encyclopedia】【Huang Jian Bo Cai Feng Ying】【Traveling Around the Beauty Collection】

Jumbo Heritage List © Epic Adventure of Jumbo Huang

Do not deceive the dead, do not fail the living, and do not be ashamed of the comers

Episode 2124: Fig lac insect, inflorescence ficus

Public welfare sharing type popular science education articles, any form of reproduction, please contact the author (WeChat Jumboheritagelist or Huang_Jumbo)

Love to the point of being unable to extricate yourself or dead or alive? There are also cases of love and killing in nature, and here I will tell you about the love affair between figs and fig bees.

You died for me, I lived for you.

I didn't pay attention to the study of botany before, which led me to walk into the forest and start to turn a blind eye, see the plant can not be named, always Zhang Guan Li Dai, and even have been calling the fruit of the variegated fig as a fig, laughing generously.

I have lived in Guangdong for many years, and every day I can see a large number of banyan trees when I open the window, but I have never thought about what the flowers of the banyan trees look like?

Banyan trees can be more than fifty meters tall, and large ones can be forested alone, but the banyan bees closely related to them are only a few millimeters in size, which is very inconspicuous. There are about 750 species of banyan trees worldwide, each with a dedicated pollinator fig wasp and 1 to 30 species of non-pollinator wasps, which visit the fig at different stages of development and lay eggs in the female flowering room of the fig fruit.

No matter how many species of fig bees are parasitic in the fig fruit, the time for them to develop to reach the insect stage is surprisingly the same: that is, on the day when the male flowers in the fig fruit open, all the fig wasps also feather into adult insects, leaving the fig fruit and starting a new life cycle.

The banyan bee family is large , with nearly 10,000 members , including two taxa , both pollinator and non-pollinator wasps.

Speaking of ficus, northerners may think of fig trees with slender branches and strange leaves; southerners may think of giant banyan trees with thick shade and fluttering roots. Regardless of size, their "fruits" have a unique shape that is highly consistent.

Inside the delicious fruit, the inflorescence of the ficus plant is called the cryptocephalus, which grows into a round and rolling "jar" shape, wrapping the real flower inside. We don't see flowers, hence the name "fig". The true fruit of the ficus genus is very small, belonging to the lean fruit, hidden in the fat hidden head inflorescence.

Hiding the flowers is indeed very peculiar, don't the flowers of the banyan tree need to be pollinated? The answer is no, because the banyan tree pollinates through a specific insect, and it is the banyan wasp.

The taxonomy of fig wasps has a broad and narrow meaning. Broadly speaking, all parasitic hymenopteran wasp insects that grow and develop in the fig fruit room are collectively called fig wasps, most of which belong to the family of wasps, and a few species of the cocoon bee family of the family Offidae develop in the fig fruit.

The insects of the family Figaceae are also known in the narrow sense of the banyan wasp category. In scientific research, the fig bee referred to by general scholars is the fig bee in the narrow sense. In addition to pollinator fig wasps, there are also a large number of non-pollinator fig wasps in the fig fruit.

All pollinator and non-pollinator wasps rely on the hidden florets in the fig fruit as a place for progeny development, whether they are directly feeding on plant tissue or parasitizing other wasps, there is a process of colonizing eggs in the female flower ovary of the fruit, and each ovary carries only one egg at a time.

All kinds of fig wasps spawning methods are divided into 2 kinds, one is that the female bee enters the fruit cavity of the fig fruit through the mouth of the apical bract, and then lays the eggs into the ovary, all pollinator wasps lay eggs in this way, and a small number of non-pollinator wasps are also similar to pollinator wasps, which enter the fruit cavity to lay eggs.

The vast majority of non-pollinating wasps lay eggs from outside the fruit wall through a long spawner, into the female flower ovary inside the fruit cavity, usually from a position where the female will lay a cluster of eggs. Non-pollinating wasps with different lengths of ovipospheres will choose different stages of development of fig fruit to lay eggs, species with short ovipositors tend to choose small fruits and thin walls to lay eggs in the early stages, and species with long spawners lay eggs in the female flowering stage or interflowering stage later in fruit development.

In the case of reparaging wasps, they usually lay eggs in the middle and late stages of interflower to parasitize other wasps that have developed into larvae. All of these parasitic wasps in the fig fruit, only pollinator wasps spawn in one day, other non-pollinator wasps lay eggs more elastically, the same kind of female bees can lay eggs in 1-12 days. These fig wasps that use the same ecological niche are mainly to divide resources by using different spawning times to reduce competition and achieve symbiotic stability.

Males usually feather first, but their mating patterns and mating strategies vary. Pollinator males search around for female gall flowers as long as the head sticks out of their own growth gall flowers, and when the female is detected, they begin to chisel a hole in the wall of the female wasp gall, the upper jaw side is punched, the soft abdomen can extend forward along the chest and abdomen, probing the size of the chisel hole, as long as the hole allows the mating device to pass, the male immediately stops biting the hole, focuses on mating, and mating can take 2 to 40 seconds at a time. After mating, the male begins to look for the next female, and each male can mate 1 to 12 times.

If a mating hole has been left on the female gall flower, the second male insect will never use this ready hole to mate with the female bee inside the gall flower. It will drill another hole and mate with the female. For each female, it is still imprisoned in the gall flower during mating, and often behaves passively in the selection of male insects, so it is an inevitable strategy to choose sperm competition after mating. Each female is usually able to mate with 2 to 3 males, from which excellent sperm are selected for fertilization. For non-pollinatory wasps, the winged species of males usually feather the males and females to mate outside the fruit, while the wingless species of males mate in the fruit cavity...

For a long time, how figs pollinated has been a mystery. Aristotle and his students knew more than 2,000 years ago that for figs to reproduce successfully, they must have a small wasp. Structures associated with pollination include pollen baskets located at the basal segments of the forefoot, or grooves between pollen bags and ventral segments located on the mid-thorax.

According to the pollination behavior of fig wasps, it can be divided into two types: active pollination and passive pollination. Most pollinator fig females stand on the peduncle layer and probe the ovary with an egg laying needle and, when there is a suitable ovary, extend the spawning needle along the peduncle into the ovary. Among the types of active pollination,

When the female iskine pulls out the egg-laying needle, her forefoot is folded back at the same time or alternately, touch the pollen bag with the tarsal and claw pads, remove the pollen, and place it on the stigma around the worm body. However, in the species of passive pollination, the feet of the pollinator fig wasps hardly have any active pollen dispersal movement, or there is no pollen bag on the mid-chest, but passive pollination by the groove between the abdominal segments.

The relationship between plants and pollinators is superficially intimate, but in fact there is hidden competition, and banyan trees (such as figs and coixes) and fig bees have reached an extreme level in this regard.

In the Chalcidoid family, there are several families, such as the family Agaonidae, which are called fig wasps because of their special relationship with fig plants.

Ficus plants are highly dependent on pollination by fig wasps. The cryptocephalic inflorescence of ficus can be divided into two types, one containing female flowers that produce seeds, and the other containing male flowers and sterile female flowers, called gall flowers. Gall flowers also have ovary rooms, but not for results, but to provide an environment for fig wasp larvae to grow. The larvae of the fig bee feed on nutrients in the ovary and mature in the gall flowers, and the female and male bees generally complete mating in the fruit. At this time, the male flowers also mature, and the pollen is sprinkled on the female bees.

The winged female crawls out of her home and flies outside in search of other cryptocephalic inflorescences, burrowing in through the small window at the top. If it burrows into an inflorescence with gall flowers, it lays eggs on the gall flowers, and the generation of fig wasps can continue. If there are only female flowers with fruiting potential in the inflorescence, the female bee has nowhere to lay eggs, and she can only be trapped inside. The fig's window is blocked by layers of tissue, making it difficult to climb out again. It is the fig bee that sacrificed its life to allow the fig to continue. Pollen falls on these female flowers, which bear fruit, after which the cryptocephalic inflorescence expands, attracting animals to feed and spread the seeds.

Cryptocephalic inflorescence refers to the fleshy expansion of the inflorescence shaft and the concave hollow spheroid body, and its concave inner wall is covered with many stemless unisexual florets, and only 1 small hole at the apex communicates with the outside, such as figs, coix and other mulberry parts of the plant inflorescence.

The branches of the cryptocephalic inflorescence hypanthodium are enlarged and healed to form a fleshy peduncle on which flowers are born, and the peduncle encloses the opposite face of the flower from all sides to form a cryptocephalic inflorescence. The fruit that bears fruit is called the cryptocephalus fruit. This is most pronounced in the fig genus. When the fruit is ripe, the inflorescence shaft is significantly expanded, becoming fleshy, the so-called cryptocephalus fruit.

The starfish-like inflorescence of the West Indies mulberry plant Dorsto-enia contrajerva can be said to have evolved from the primitive type of the umbelliferous inflorescence to the cryptocephalic inflorescence. The flower shaft is particularly large and concave, and many sessile florets grow on the wall of the recessed cavity, almost all of which are invisible, leaving only a small hole to communicate with the outside, which is a channel for insects to spread pollen in and out of the cavity. The small flowers are mostly unisexual, the male flowers are distributed in the upper part of the inner wall, and the female flowers are distributed in the lower parts, such as figs, coix and so on.

Ficus variegated is an evergreen tree of the genus Ficus sylvestris, 7–10 m tall, with milk. The twigs are hairless. The leaves are nearly leathery, 8–20 cm long and 7–12 cm wide, fully margined or wavy, sometimes sparsely serrated, basal 5 veins. The petiole is stout and 2-7 cm long. The inflorescence clusters grow from the trunk, stalked, spherical, about 2 cm in diameter; basal bracts 3; the male gall flowers are co-born in one inflorescence support, stamens 2; the female flowers have another inflorescence support, the flower column is long, lateral, stigmatum-like.

Ficus variegated is distributed in India, Vietnam and China. It is distributed in Guangdong and coastal islands, Hainan, Guangxi and southern Yunnan in China. It is common in low altitudes with good wet water conditions and in gully areas. Ficus variegated is a medium-light-loving tree species that prefers a sunny environment and grows well in moist, deep and fertile mountains.

The fig fruit of ficus variegated is edible when ripe. Ficus variegated ficus provides a good food source and habitat for the growth and development of lac worms, and is an excellent host tree of the lac worm Summer Dynasty.

Ficus variegated is a large tree, 7–10 m tall, with grey-brown bark, smooth, 10–15 (-17) cm thoracic diameter, green young branches, slightly coated with soft hairs. The leaves are alternate, thick papery, broadly ovate to ovate oval, 10–17 cm long, tapering or blunt at the apex, rounded to shallow heart-shaped at the base, wavy or shallowly serrated at the base; the back of the young leaves is covered with soft hairs, 5 basal veins, 2 small near the base, 4-6 pairs of lateral veins; petiole length 5-6.8 cm, ovate lanceolate, hairless, 1-1.5 cm long, full margin; the root system is developed, the main root is prominent.

Fig clusters of Ficus variegated ficus grow on nodular short branches emanating from old stems, spherical, the base of ficus fruit shrinks into a short stalk, 2.5–3 cm in diameter, the top is slightly flattened, the apical bracts are oval, the umbilicus is slightly raised, the basal bracts are 3, early fall, residual annular scars, the ripe fig fruit is green to yellow with green stripes and spots, the total stem length is 2-4 cm; the inner wall mouth of the male fig fruit, the flower is 3-4, wide ovate, stamens 2, the filament base is combined to form a stalk;

Near the mouth of the inner wall of the gall peanut, the flowers are synygotic, tubular, apical 4-5 tooth fissures, surrounding ovary, flower column lateral, short, stigma funnel-shaped; female peanuts on the inner wall of the female plant fig fruit, flower disc 3-4, strip lanceolate, thin film, basal synophysis. The fruit is inverted ovate, thinly coated with tumors, the flower column is equal in length to the thin fruit, the stigma is stick-shaped, and glabrous. In the winter of the flowering period, about 1-2 months, the leaves begin to spread a little, the new leaves will appear in large numbers in March, some leaves will fall in November, the flowering period will begin in 1-2 months, the full flowering period will enter 3-9 months, the fruits will begin to ripen in October, and the fruits will ripen in Large quantities in November.

Variegated ficus cultivation is very easy. Just pay attention to the location selection when it is used as the host tree of the lac worm Summer Generation. When ficus variegatum is used as the host tree of the lac worm summer generation, it is necessary to choose a ventilated and breathable belt in the valley by the stream with sufficient light, deep soil layer, good water and wet conditions, and an altitude of 400 meters below the height of the creek, and avoid choosing arid and barren mountains and surrounding mountains to block the blocked and sweltering "death valley" to facilitate the safety of the gum worm in the summer.

Lacciferlacca is an insect belonging to the order Insects , the order Hemiptera Homoptera , and the family Geloderaceae. Adult lac worms are hermaphroditic. Lac worm is a tropical insect endemic to South Asia, mainly distributed in Southeast Asia, India and Sri Lanka in the world, and distributed in Yunnan, Tibet, Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Guizhou, Hunan, Taiwan and other provinces and regions in China. Lac worm is an important resource insect, living on the host plant, sucking plant sap, female worms secrete a pure natural resin through the gland - lac. Lac is an important chemical raw material that is widely used in a variety of industries.

Lac worms are male and female, with different metamorphosis and different forms. Females are incompletely metamorphosed, males are completely metamorphosed, and females go through three stages of egg, larvae and adult in their lifetime; males go through five stages: eggs, larvae, pre-pupae, true pupae and adults. Its morphological characteristics are briefly described as follows:

The eggs are round, purple-red, and the egg shell is thin and transparent, generally 0.4-0.6 mm. The newly hatched larvae are ship-shaped, and throughout the larval stage, the female has three ages and the male has only two ages. Their morphology is very different.

The anterior pupae are unique to males. It is about 1.1mm long and 0.6mm wide. The mouthparts degenerate, the rudiments of the antennae and thoracic feet appear, transparent, short, and undivided. The anus at the end of the abdomen disappears and there is a male stem sheath process. The winged type has a pair of transparent wing buds.

True pupae are also unique to males. It is 1.1 to 1.8 mm long and 0.4 to 0.5 mm wide, generally shorter than the anterior pupae. However, the antennae and thoracic foot are significantly elongated, and the segmentation is more obvious, and the impotence sheath is keratinized and yellowish. The winged type has a pair of large winged buds.

Female adults vary greatly in body shape among adults, including cystic, nearly spherical, spindle-shaped, etc. Generally about 4.3mm long and 2.6mm wide, the sections are not obvious. The head has an orifice, and the mouthpart has a pair of orifices in front of and behind it. There are two pairs of one eye and one pair of antennae. There are three pairs of feet on the chest. The chest has a pair of front and rear valves. The anterior valve is located below the mid-thoracic web and is larger. The posterior valve is located on the posterior chest and is smaller. Above the anterior valve there is a web protrusion, and a boneized plate called a carnal plate is born on the upper stem. The board is covered with raw wax filaments, called armboard wax filaments. A dorsal spine grows on the third segment of the abdomen, where the original dorsal protrusion is, which is an important feature of female adults.

The three segments at the end of the abdomen are elongated into a tubular shape called cone, with one anus and one foramen for reproduction. Around the anus there are rings and 10 ring bristles. Male adults are divided into two types: winged and wingless. The wingless type is wingless, with a body length of about 1.4 mm and a width of about 0.4 mm, which is slightly smaller than the winged type. The winged type has a pair of membranous wings on the middle thorax, which are generally about 1.7 mm long and 0.6 mm wide. Winged or wingless adults are purple-red, with a clear division of head, thorax and abdomen. At the end of the abdomen there is a male stem sheath and two slender ash filaments.

Lac is a natural resin that is a complex mixture of inner and cross-lipids of some polyhydroxycarboxylic acids, the main components of which are poppy berhydrate and tricyclic terpene acid. It is widely used in medicine, military, machinery, leather, paper, ink, food and other industries. China's Yunnan, Tibet and other places are the main production areas of lac, India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam and other countries are also the production areas of lac.

Lac insects mainly parasitize more than 200 kinds of trees such as cattle ribs, seedlings, bubble ropes, trilobites and large green trees, and the earliest records of lac insects are the "Wulu" written by Zhang Bo in the 3rd century, and Li Shizhen's "Compendium of Materia Medica, Insects, And Purple Rivets" in the Ming Dynasty. Episode explanation quote "Wu Lu" day: Nine True Moving Wind Gear, there are earth red like glue. People know that there are ants in the soil, and because of the cultivation of hair and the insertion of wooden branches on it, the ant edges up, born and condensed, like a praying mantis mantis.

People fold paint to dye things, and their color is red, which is called ant paint red silk, which is purple riveting. "This is the earliest record of lac, which is also known as purple riveting, purple shovel, purple stem, purple haiku, grass mushroom and red gum. The so-called "people see the soil and know the ants" in the WuLu, and the record of "the ant edge produces lacquer" shows that at that time, people knew that lac was produced by an ant. The Tang Dynasty Duan Chengshi "Youyang Miscellaneous Tricks" says: "The Kingdom of Zhenla made Shamen Kui Sha Nibat Tuo say that ants transported soil at the end of the tree to make a pedestal, and the ant soil was dewed to become purple rivets." "Duan's attribution of the lac production to Persia and Chenla seems to be inaccurate, but Duan's account clearly knows that the lac is produced by an ant-like insect.

In the Tang Dynasty, Li Xun's "Sea Medicine Materia Medica" was made of purple riveting, and quoted the "Guangzhou Chronicle" Yun: "Born in the Valley of the South China Sea." Its tree is purple-red and is konaka Tsu Nariya. Swamp wet itchy scabies, should be used in cream. It can also make Hu Yan Fat, and Yu Yu is also a writer. And the fat of the qi is exhausted also. Those who want to test the authenticity, but chew it not as bad as wax are also. Li Xun pointed out the medicinal function of lac here, but mistakenly believed that lac was made of Mujin liquid, and mixed lac with lac. In fact, it is a perennial vine fruit secreted from the palm family, and after drying it, it coagulates into a blood-clot resin, which belongs to two things with lac.

Song Mazhi's "Kaibao Materia Medica" says: "According to the notes of the other books: 'Purple rivet (lac) and qi are exhausted in the same article, and the efficacy is completely different. Purple riveting is red and black, its leaves are as large as a plate, and riveting comes out of the leaves. The horseshoe are yellow and red in color, coming out of the wood, such as pine resin also. "To distinguish lac from qi exhaustion is to improve Li Shizhen's "Compendium of Materia Medica, Insects, Lac": "Collection: (Shi Zhen Yue) Lac out of Nanfan. It is caused by small insects such as ants and lice, and the branches of the edge are caused, just as the small insects on the holly trees today make white wax, so people often insert branches to make it. Here Li Shizhen believes that the understanding that lac insects secrete lac like insect white wax secretes white wax on holly trees is correct, but he did not point out that white wax worms are male insects that secrete wax, and female insects do not secrete wax, and lac worms are female insects secrete lac, male insects do not secrete lac, so female insects are used when stocking, but the ancients did not have records of distinguishing female insects and male insects. The selection of lac seed gum branches is also very complicated, and the ancients have few relevant records, but the stocking of shellac is unique to China.

The biggest pest of lac insects is the black and white insects brought from natural production areas and specializing in eating gum worms and limb covers. Black worms belong to the family Of the Face Covering Moth; White Worms, also known as Lac White Worms, are known as the Lac Night Moth, Nocturnidae. In addition to strengthening quarantine to prevent or reduce pests from being transferred in with the seed glue, the prevention and control method can also be carried out in the room with screen windows when drying the glue to raise insects, close the doors and windows, so that the feathered adult worms cannot fly out, and after the seed glue is hung, the drug is killed; the seed glue is recovered in time to kill the pests.

Harvesting of daily seed glue: Seed glue is the rubber source used for hanging and placing lac production, only the rubber stem with thick rubber, fruitful continuous pieces, normal color, fresh technology live insects, and no diseases and insect pests can be used as seed glue. Hang on the spot, when there are messenger bugs can be harvested, it is best to hang with the picking; if hung in a distant place, there must be about 20% of the host tree has a message bug to harvest a large number, and in 1 to 2 days to transport to the destination and hang up. The externally transferred seed glue is not only large in quantity, but also in the number of days required from the harvest to the location of hanging and modification and the completion of the technical release, and must be harvested in a planned and purposeful manner under the guidance of specialized technical personnel.

Harvesting is also called cutting glue, with a sharp knife to cut off the glue with the glue block, the upper and lower parts of the yang away from the rubber block are about 5 cm each, the mouth surface is oblique, and the slope at both ends should be in the same direction to facilitate hanging. If the rubber block only covers most of the technique, the mouth surface should face the thick side. After the planting glue is concentrated, it is placed in a cool and ventilated place, cut (cut) off the excessive length and air technique at both ends and check the quality one by one, and then packaged in a bamboo basket, the height of the basket is 33 cm, the bottom surface is 45 cm long, 33 cm wide, and the diameter of the four-wall mesh is 3 to 5 cm. When loading, the four corners are placed in the village, layered and scattered, there is a certain gap between the rubber schools, covered with bamboo covers, and each package weighs about 25 kg; a label indicating the place of origin, net weight and harvest date is affixed to the destination in time. Maintain ventilation during transportation, avoid sun and rain and large piles. The rubber is harvested from the original glue; the glue technique of cutting down the branches, the rubber block that is peeled off is the original rubber.

After I visited the banyan tree group, I came to the Golden Turtle Quarry, which once produced a large amount of granite, after the landslide disaster in Guangming New Area in 2015, Shenzhen launched a carpet inspection, as of December 2015, the city has focused on the investigation of geological disasters and dangerous slope hidden danger points 738, 24 abandoned stone yards, the current abandoned stone fields have been closed. The Turtle Quarry was closed around 2015 due to the possibility of landslides, collapses, etc.

I saw a lot of ant-lion pits at the site of the Golden Turtle Quarry.

Ant lions are an animal of the genus Pulformes in the family Pulformes , widely distributed in North America , Europe , asia ( but not in the United Kingdom ) , and are mainly distributed in Xinjiang , Gansu , Shaanxi , Hebei , Guangxi , Henan , and other provinces and regions.

Adult and larvae are carnivorous, feeding on other insects, and the larvae live under dry surfaces, creating funnel-shaped traps in sandy soils to trap prey.

The lion will undergo a complete metamorphosis process. The larvae create funnel-shaped traps (ant hells) on the sand to allow animals such as ants or psyllids to fall and eat.

Antflies belong to the order Pulsoptera and have a wingspan ranging from 2 to 15 cm. Adults have two pairs of long, narrow, translucent wings and a long, slender abdomen. Although they are a bit like dragonflies or bean maidens, they belong to different insects. Adult lions can easily distinguish between them and dragonflies, such as their antennae, and the head and thorax of the antfly are combined. In addition, the wings of antflies and dragonflies are also different, and the wings of adult antflies are very fragile compared to dragonflies, and are often found to find a partner to mate at night. Adult antflies are usually nocturnal and rarely seen during the day.

Most species of males have a unique physiology, and male antflies usually have longer abdomen than females.

The antfly larvae are a very ferocious animal with sturdy mouth pliers, a chubby belly, and a chest with three pairs of slightly walkable legs. It has huge front teeth, a square-like flat head and a slender, movable neck, so it has a huge pair of sickle-like jaws and has multiple sharp small spines for easy predation. The jaws are formed by the maxilla and mandibles; Each of the mandibles contains a groove,

The protrusions of the maxilla are neatly aligned with the grooves in the jaw to facilitate the capture and immobilization of prey, so that it can be injected with venom and digestive enzymes to break down its soft tissues. The larvae are wrapped in sand, which makes it easy for the lion to lock on to its prey, allowing it to subdue prey that is much larger than itself. Antfly larvae lack anus, which is uncommon in insects. All metabolic waste produced in the larval stage is stored in the body by the lion, some silk is used as a cocoon, and the rest is excreted as meconium at the end of the pupal stage.

Ant lions, also known as sand monkeys, sand cattle, etc., belong to the order Pulmonaceae, the family Offinchaceae, and are called "antflies" after adults, with dark gray or dark brown bodies throughout, transparent wings and densely covered with reticulated wing veins. It has a smaller head, but a pair of compound eyes developed and protruding to the sides, the mouthparts are chewy, and the abdomen is slender. Adults are 23 to 32 mm long and spread their wings 52 to 67 mm. At rest, the two pairs of wings fold from the back of the thorax to the back of the body in a fish ridge shape, covering the back of the body to the end of the abdomen. Antflies are mostly medium or large insects, resembling dragonflies. The antennae of the antfly are short, rod-shaped, and the tip gradually expands and bends slightly, and there is a narrow wing chamber under the wing mole of the wing vein.

The body is similar to a spindle type, the head and anterior thorax are smaller, the middle and posterior thorax are more developed, the abdomen is hypertrophied, and the body surface has a bristle hair. The head is flattened, and there is a pair of powerful bent tubes shaped like pincers at the front end, which are a pair of jaw tubes formed by the upper and lower jaws, called double-spiked suction mouthpieces. Adults resemble beanwomen, but have long antennae and can prey on small insects such as mosquitoes and flies.

The lion is shaped like a spider, with a small head and a pair of large jaws, usually walking backwards.

In nature, various animals have a variety of ways of preying, and there is an insect that can hunt prey like humans digging traps, which is the ant lion. It digs a small funnel-shaped bunker on the beach in the wild, and when the prey accidentally falls into the bunker, it uses its large teeth to pinch the prey and suck the body fluids of the prey.

After sucking the contents of the prey's body, throw the empty shell outside the pit. Some species (e.g., spot-winged antflies) do not build pits, but instead prey on passing insects from hidden places.

The head of this small animal has a pair of powerful jaw tubes protruding forward, shaped like antlers, and is a sharp and curved hollow long tube mouthpiece composed of the upper and lower jaws. It will rotate on the sand side by side and drill downwards, making a funnel-shaped trap on the sand, hiding under the sand at the bottom of the funnel, and throwing the sand outward with its large jaw, making the funnel around smooth and steep. When an ant or worm crawls into a trap and slides down due to loose sand, the lion will constantly bounce sand outwards, so that the victim is pushed into the center by the quicksand, and then the lion will clamp the prey with its jaw, inject digestive juice into it, suck the prey dry and throw the trap, and then rearrange the trap and wait for the next big meal. But not all lions build traps to hunt, and another way of predation is to disguise themselves as their surroundings and wait for their prey to arrive.

The lion doesn't defecate, it doesn't have an anus, which solves its hygiene problems in the sand trap. The lion will spin on the sand and drill downwards, making a funnel-like trap on the sand, hiding under the sand at the bottom of the funnel, and throwing the sand outward with his large jaw, making the funnel around the funnel smooth and steep. When an ant or bug crawls into a trap, drag it into the sand and eat it...