Key technologies for tulip cultivation and management for greening
Xing Guimei and others
Tulips are deeply loved by people from all over the world because of their bright colors and beautiful flower shapes. At the end of the 20th century, China began to import 17 tulip bulbs from abroad, and the number of introductions showed an upward trend year by year, about 3 million ISl bulbs were entered in 1992, increased to 40 million in 2000, and reached 1. 500 million grains, the current annual import volume has exceeded 400 million grains. Tulips have become an indispensable flower species in China's horticultural exposition and garden landscaping. However, in the application of tulip greening, there are problems such as inadequate cultivation management and uneven landscape effects in different areas, which reduce the ornamental effect of tulips and increase the cost of tulip greening applications. Therefore, improving the cultivation management technology of green tulips can further improve the cultivation quality of tulips and give play to the value of tulips in landscaping.
Variety selection and seed ball handling
For greening tulips, choose varieties with high ornamentality, strong adaptability, solid and thick flowers, and high neatness. Such as 'True Love of the World', 'Light of France', 'Banya', 'Chief of Eskimos', 'Crystal Beauty' and so on.
When planting, it is necessary to choose imported bulbs that are full, smooth, free of mechanical damage, free of pests and diseases, and have a circumference of more than 12 cm. If you use a domestic seed bulb, in order to ensure that the seed bulb is not infected by germs, it is necessary to treat it with drugs first. It can be soaked and disinfected for two hours with methyl tolbuzin 100 times liquid + Amisida 200 times liquid + gram mycodan 200 times liquid. After the disinfection treatment is completed, it is tiled and quickly air-dried after the surface moisture of the bulbs is ready for planting.
Soil selection and preparation
Greening tulip planting sites should be selected in sunny or semi-shaded leeward places. Choose sandy loam soil with loose soil and high organic matter content, such as soil clay weight can be mixed with clean river sand, pH value of 6. 5～7． 0 is advisable. Turn the soil deep and set aside about 1 week before planting. Before planting, 800 to 850 kg of decomposed cow manure is applied per mu as the bottom fertilizer. Soil generally does not need to be disinfected, such as serious bacteria, can be used per acre with 20 ~ 25kg of ridge xin for soil disinfection. Immediately after application, plough and stir to make the soil and the agent fully mixed, and covered with plastic shed film or mulch film seal, disinfection treatment for 3 to 4 weeks, remove the covered plastic shed film. After the disinfection is completed, the soil is ploughed 1 to 2 times, and after two weeks, the planting ball is planted.
Green bulb planting
Planting is generally carried out in mid-to-late October, and the soil temperature drops to about 10 °C. If planted too late, the root system is not fully developed, and the bulb is susceptible to frost damage. If planted too early, it will cause the buds and roots to grow together, susceptible to diseases and insects, and the buds will grow too long, which will seriously reduce the hardiness of the plant. When planting in large areas, it is advisable to adopt the method of ditch planting, and the plant row spacing is 15 cm × 20 cm for bulb planting. For small area planting, burrowing plants should be used, and the plant row spacing is 15cmX 20cm. Immediately after planting, the soil is covered with a thickness of 15 to 20 cm.
Post-planting management
Water and fertilizer After planting, watering should use sprinkler irrigation and drip irrigation, and water once after planting the bulb. Watering once every 7 days during the germination stage and the early stage of vegetative growth, the amount of watering gradually increases after the leaf is unfolded, generally once in 3 to 4 days, and the amount of water is appropriately controlled after the formation of buds. After the new shoots are unearthed, apply N:P:K=2:1:1 water-soluble compound fertilizer every 10 days, and the application amount is 10 kg per mu, and it is applied 2 to 3 times continuously. Foliar sprays are applied every 1 week during the bud stage 0. 2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution, sprayed 3 times in a row. Tulips are very sensitive to fertilizers, and if insufficient nutrients can lead to stunted growth, yellowing leaves, small flowers, and poor quality.
Temperature The suitable temperature at the rooting stage is 9 °C ~ 10 °C, the suitable temperature at the budding stage and the spreading stage is 13 °C ~ 15 °C, and the suitable temperature is 15 °C ~ 18 °C after the leaf is fully extended.
Illumination Green tulips are best grown in shade and shaded environments, with a suitable light intensity of 20,000 to 30,000ix and a sunshine length of more than 8 hours.
Disease and pest control In the planting process, do a good job in the integrated control of diseases and insect pests. Before planting the bulbs, it is necessary to carry out strict screening, eliminate diseased bulbs, and strictly disinfect the soil. Strengthen management during the growth period of plants, maintain soil moisture of about 70%, and inspect, dig up and destroy diseased plants at any time. Plants found to be infected with viral diseases should be immediately removed and destroyed or buried deep at a distance to prevent the virus from spreading through the sap. To control base rot, soak the bulbs in a mixture of 100 times methylthiopyridin + imidad 80 times liquid or 50% carbendazim wettable powder 100 times liquid before planting, and the soaking time is two hours. When the disease occurs during the growth period, the root is directly irrigated with 30% evil mold water agent 600 to 700 times liquid. To control gray mold, the seed bulb can be soaked in the disinfectant solution of 60 times of fludylamine + 200 times of grammogen for two hours before planting. Foliar spraying can be carried out with 40% application of Le suspension 1200 times liquid, 25% Amicida 1500 times liquid or 50% mycoxidine wettable powder 800 times liquid during the growth phase. For the control of aphids and thrips, 10% imidacloprid wettable powder or 1. 8% avermectin emulsion 1500 times liquid spray. For insect pests, it is best to use physical control methods, such as aphids can be booby-trapped with yellow plates, thrips can be booby-trapped with blue plates, and moths can be booby-trapped with trap lights.
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