The postnatal stage of dairy cattle is an important period for dairy cattle feeding management, and it is also a period of frequent occurrence of various diseases. Doing a good job in postnatal care of dairy cows will help reduce the incidence of various diseases in dairy cows and increase milk production. In this paper, through the study of perinatal barn environment, postpartum cow nursing measures and disease prevention and health care, the postnatal feeding management scheme of dairy cows was established and optimized, and the early diagnosis and treatment of postpartum cow diseases were realized, so that the physical condition of dairy cows was rapidly restored. After the calves are born, the body is in a state of negative energy balance and low blood calcium, and it is prone to mastitis, malignant ema of the breast, lactothermia (postpartum paralysis), ketoemia, acidosis, rumen accumulation, fetal clothing, true gastric displacement, true gastric accumulation, true gastritis, cow postpartum syndrome and other diseases. At worst, it costs a lot of treatment, and at worst, it can't be cured, or even the cows are eliminated. Therefore, if you want to make the herd healthy and high yield, reasonable feeding management and prevention-based health care procedures are crucial, especially to pay attention to the perinatal feeding management of dairy cows, pay attention to the production effect of TMR, the proportion of fine and coarse, the content of calcium and phosphorus in the diet, etc., which are of great significance for the prevention of diseases in perinatal cows.
First, the postnatal environmental control of dairy cows and the monitoring of various indicators 1, the monitoring of the postpartum environmental control of dairy cows The new barn requires clean, comfortable and ventilated, and the new cow barn should be the barn with the highest comfort, reasonable configuration and lowest feeding density in the whole cattle farm. In summer, there are heat-proof cooling equipment and sports field shading facilities, and in winter, pay attention to wind protection while considering sufficient lighting and regular ventilation. New cows must be cared for by veterinarians with a strong sense of responsibility and excellent technology, and veterinarians need to have the ability to find problems in time and properly deal with problems, and be able to insist on monitoring the temperature of new cattle every morning, and at the same time focus on monitoring abnormal cattle, so as to minimize the loss of cattle farms. In addition, the vulva and rear drive of newly produced cattle are disinfected every afternoon, and the barn, sports field and trough are thoroughly disinfected to prevent the infection of other germs. 2. Monitoring of various indicators after the cow has calved, it is necessary to regularly monitor the physiological indicators of the cow. The details are as follows: (1) temperature monitoring of cows 1 to 10 days after childbirth; (2) monitoring of vaginal secretions of cows 5, 8 and 10 days after childbirth; (3) monitoring of urinary ketones 8 to 10 days after childbirth; (4) daily observation of cow feeding behavior, mental state, udder condition, gizzard fullness, gait, etc.; (5) bed rate and rumination rate 1 to 2 h after milking. 3. Before milking every day, the nursing monitoring procedure is inspected by a full-time veterinarian on the newly produced cattle, and the specific operations are as follows: (1) starting from the rear body of the newly born cow, check the udder filling, and the cow with poor filling degree is marked with a crayon in the hind limbs for subsequent full body examination; (2) Observe the postpartum lochia secretion of the cow and judge the degree of infection; fecal excretion; the filling of the rumen; the degree of limb and hoof damage, and make a good mark; (3) observe the cow's feeding behavior, mental state, and mark it; (4) body temperature > Cows with 39.5 °C and lochia odor, mastitis and other inflammations require antibiotic injections, which need to be combined with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs to give intravenous fluids or irrigation fluids according to the severity of the disease; (5) for cows that test positive for weak urinary ketone, 300 to 500 mL of propylene glycol per day for 3 days; for cows that test positive for urine ketone, immediately inject 1 000 mL of 50% glucose solution, 5 hydrocortisone (10 mL/stick), and at the same time give 30 postpartum soup to new cattle kg (propylene glycol 300 mL, brown sugar 500 g, yeast 20 g, motherwort paste 500 g, salt 30 g, temperature 20 to 30 °C) to prevent secondary displacement. This can quickly replenish energy, fill the emptiness of the abdominal cavity, and reduce the occurrence of four stomach diseases. If urinary ketones become weakly positive during treatment, treatment can be discontinued. Second, the cow postpartum care measures 1, the management measures when the cow is delivered The cow should give birth in a closed delivery room, cover the cow with a thin quilt immediately after delivery to prevent it from being stressed by the cold, and at the same time use povidone iodine disinfectant to clean and disinfect the vulva of the cow. Clean up the amniotic fluid and dirt on the ground as soon as possible and spray disinfect the delivery room environment. 2. Within 2 h after calving, feeding management should be used to rehydrate, anti-inflammatory and hemostasis for dairy cows within 2 h after calving. Specific methods: 1 500 mL of 5% glucose normal saline and 50 mL of hysteritis cleansed intravenously, and 50 mL of amloblemia intramuscularly. 3. The feeding management of the 1st to 10th day after calving gives the cows a nutritious porridge once a day and drinks for 5 days. Nutritional porridge formula: 0.5 kg of bran, 0.5 kg of brown sugar, 1 dose of hypnotic dew dispersion, rinse with 10~15 kg of boiling water and then cool and warm. On day 6, 1 dose of tonic and 1 dose of bone strengthening antiperspirant powder are given continuously for 3 to 5 days. 4, refined feed and rough feed within 5 days after calving, to feed less refined feed; after 5 days, according to the continuous rise of dairy cow milk production gradually increase the amount of concentrate feeding, but not more than 0.5 kg per day, to feed more high-quality roughage, such as sheep grass, alfalfa hay, etc. 5. Management of colostrum Cows postpartum colostrum are based on the principle of "less squeezing and frequent milking". Squeeze 0.5 to 1 kg each time on day 1, 5 to 6 times a day. Squeeze 1 to 3 kg each time on day 2, 4 to 5 times a day. By analogy, the colostrum cannot be squeezed until day 6. 6. The management of mastitis found that malignant edema in dairy cows needs to be treated in time, otherwise it is very easy to cause dairy mastitis. Treatment: 1 sachet (250 g) per cow once a day, 1 sachet (250 g) per day into the ingredients, 3 to 5 days for 1 course. It can also be hot compressed with vinegar mixed with boiled water or magnesium sulfate with boiled water for dairy cow udders. It is recommended that cows be fed 500 grams of healthy milk treasure mixture per day per day during the perinatal and lactation periods, or add healthy milk treasure according to 5%-8% of the concentrate supplement, which can effectively prevent the occurrence of mastitis. 7. 10 days after the calving of the management of uteritis, if it is found that the cow has endometritis and is accompanied by symptoms of inexhaustible lochia, the following treatment methods can be used: 150~250 mL of uterine solution perfusion of the uterus, once a day, with feeding 250 g of uterine purification, once a day, generally continuous use for 3 to 5 days can be cured. Third, the management of the post-natal rearing management of dairy cows The management of new cattle is the focus of cattle farm management, and it is also the key to the profitability of cattle farms. Good new cattle management can maximize the intake of new cattle dry matter, shorten the duration of the negative energy balance of cows, and reduce the incidence of various diseases, thereby reducing the elimination rate of new cows and increasing milk production. The specific operations are as follows: (1) among the new dairy cows, the first and second breeding cattle should be raised in groups, maintaining an appropriate feeding density, such as the pen area can raise 100 cows, it is recommended to raise only 80 cows; (2) ensure that the barn environment is clean and hygienic, the cow mattress grass is sufficient and clean, enough space and soft sports space can improve the comfort of the new cows; (3) the new cattle must be provided with the best quality feed raw materials in the whole field, providing sufficient, high-quality and fresh TMR diet 3 times a day, increasing the number of pushes, and ensuring that the cows are free to feed. Improve the amount of dry matter to eat; (4) to ensure adequate and clean drinking water, and regularly brush and disinfect the food tank and sink; (5) reduce the occurrence of various stresses, summer heat prevention and cooling, winter heat preservation and ventilation, reduce unnecessary rotation; (6) through reasonable feeding management, to ensure that the new cattle reasonable physical fitness score, the ideal score should be 3.0 ~ 3.5, calving 4 After the week, it should be maintained at about 2.75; (7) do a good job in production data management, and establish a monitoring table and data statistical table for new cattle, the main statistical indicators include: the date of delivery, the delivery situation (midwifery, twins, stillbirth, premature birth and other abnormal births), the fetal clothing, breast fullness, body temperature, appetite, mental state, postpartum paralysis, mastitis, true stomach gastric changes, urine ketones, lochia, hoof disease, etc., as well as 20 days of milk production, treatment and treatment plan of sick cattle, death or elimination causes.
Fourth, the prevention and health care of postpartum diseases in dairy cows New cows are in different degrees of negative energy balance and low blood calcium state, smooth muscle contraction weakness, easy to cause uterine infection. In addition, fetal clothing, uteritis, puerperal fever, ketosis, true stomach displacement and other diseases are the multiple diseases of postpartum dairy cows, which are mainly due to calving stress, decreased feeding intake, large physiological changes before and after calving of dairy cows, and lack of fine postpartum care and disease prevention work, so timely disease prevention work is particularly important for the recovery of postpartum dairy cows. Specific measures for disease prevention and treatment are as follows: (1) Immediately after calves are born, 40 L of warm water (with addition of microecological agents, minerals, propylene glycol, etc.) and intramuscular injection of ADE, oxytocin; (2) for "high-risk" (twins, midwifery stillbirth, birth injuries, fetal clothing, hypocalcemia, etc.) cows using nonsteroidal drugs Fuxinan, cefotafur sodium and VB1 intramuscular injection, plus oral calcium preparations or intravenous administration of sugar, calcium, VC preparations; (3) for "high risk" Reasonable administration of long-acting oxytetracycline in the uterus of dairy cows, repeat once in 4 to 5 days, repeat 3 times, and inject 6 mg PG4 intramuscularly; (4) cows with puerperal fever should be given sufficient calcium; (5) cows with ketosis should be supplemented with sufficient sugar, and oral propylene glycol 400 to 500 mL, with stomach medicine and postpartum routine administration, to prevent true gastric displacement; (6) to real gastric metastatic cows should be operated in time.
In short, through the above disease prevention and feeding management measures, it provides theoretical reference and technical support for the feeding and management of perinatal dairy cows, realizes the timely inspection of postpartum cows in dairy farms, and the early detection of diseases; through the adoption of treatment measures, the cure rate of diseases in dairy farms is improved, the health of dairy cows is guaranteed to the greatest extent, and the managers and operators of dairy farms are helped to improve work efficiency and reduce feeding costs to a certain extent.