This person became a household name because of Lu Xun's essay "Hometown", which was selected into the textbook.
Originally, we knew that literary works were fictional. Prose is the style of writing, although it is the most realistic in literary works. But we also know that the truth in literary works includes two parts: "the truth of life" and "the truth of art". What prose seeks is "artistic truth", not "life reality". Therefore, the leaping earth in literary works is still very different from the leaping earth in real life.
(Juvenile Leap Soil)
1. The leap soil in "Hometown".
In "Hometown", Lu Xun described his two images. One is the leap soil of adolescence. The leaping earth in his youth is the image of a sunshine teenager, who holds a steel fork under the moon and guards the appearance of the melon field, handsome and healthy, which fully reflects the youth and vitality of the teenager.
Although he and Lu Xun have a huge disparity in status, he is pure in his heart, has no barriers, and maintains a pure and unhindered communication with Lu Xun. Lu Xun also gave high praise to the young Man Tu in "Hometown".
However, the middle-aged leaping earth has become another image. The weight of life made him suffer and make him miserable. However, he did not complain about this miserable life, but only suffered in silence, never thinking of resisting. His relationship with Lu Xun also changed from a pure brotherly relationship to an awkward master-servant relationship. The most crucial thing is that he is still fully accepting of this "master-servant relationship".
In "Hometown", Lu Xun revealed and criticized the middle-aged leaping earth, expressing his sorrow and concern for the people of the country at that time who "mourned their misfortunes and were angry with them". The leap earth also became a vivid image of Lu Xun's dissection of the soul of the Chinese people.
(Middle-aged leap soil)
Second, the real leap soil in history.
The real leap soil in history is similar to the leap soil described in Lu Xun's prose "Hometown". The original name of the leap soil was Zhang Yunshui. In "Hometown", the "five elements lack of soil" and the "five elements lack of water" in Zhang Yunshui are just another way of saying it. In Shaoxing, "闰" and "運" are homophonous. The most important thing is that the word "leap" is generally used only in the calendar. Therefore, Lu Xun's use as the name of the leaping earth is more connotative.
Zhang Yunshui's father is named Zhang Fuqing (there is also a saying called Zhang Fuqing), he is lu xun's family "busy month", that is, when busy, to help Lu Xun's family to work. This is similar to that in "Hometown". At that time, Zhang Fuqing also had a bamboo craftsmanship, and there was a sandy field by the sea. Although it is a "busy month", it is barely able to make a living, which is the environment in which Zhangyun water grows.
When Zhang Fuqing went to Lu Xun's house to work, Zhang Yunshui would also follow him. He was two or three years older than Lu Xun, and he may not be as sunny and handsome as written in "Hometown", but he was still a lively and generous child. He told Lu Xun a lot of interesting stories about the countryside, and his experience in rural life was indeed very attractive to Lu Xun, who grew up in the city. Moreover, at that time, he and Lu Xun had no sense of master and servant at all, and the two were really two little guesses and talked about everything.
The interaction between Lu Xun and Zhang Yunshui has continued Lu Xun's study in Japan.
However, soon, Zhang Fuqing died, and the burden of the Zhang family's life was all on Zhang Yunshui alone. Under the pressure of a long life, Zhang Yunshui has completely become a standard farmer. The sandy land where Zhang Yunshui was transported was simply not enough to maintain the Zhang family's livelihood, and he had to rent the land of the landlord's family. By the time of the great drought in 1934, Zhang Yunshui had sold even a small piece of barren sand in order to survive, so that he had become a landless farmer completely. The land of the landlord, which needs to be fully leased, has become a long-term worker. However, it was no longer the long-term worker of the Lu Xun family. Of course, at that time, Lu Xun also died.
When Zhang Yunshui was in his fifties, he had a bad sore on his back and had no money to treat it. He died within a few years. According to the memories of Zhang Gui, Zhang Yunshui's grandson, Zhang Yunshui was 57 years old when he died.
(Lu Xun and Yan Tu)
3. Descendants of the Leap Earth.
Zhang Yunshui had 5 sons. The boss is called Zhang Qisheng. Zhang Qisheng is also the prototype of Lu Xun's aquatic life. In fact, not only Zhang Qisheng, Zhang Yunshui's mother, but also the prototype of Lu Xun's long mother. Of course, From the perspective of dissecting the soul of the people, Lu Xun's aquatic and long mothers in his literary works are definitely not the same as in real life. In real life, the descendants of Zhang Yunshui have always been in contact with the descendants of the Zhou family. Zhou Zuoren also mentioned Zhang Yunshui's family and descendants many times in his works.
Zhang Qisheng's son was named Zhang Gui, who was also Zhang Yunshui's grandson. He later became the deputy director of the Lu Xun Memorial Hall. It is said that every time Lu Xun's son Zhou Hainian returned to Shaoxing, he would go to see Zhang Gui. It can be said that this can also be regarded as the indissoluble love affair between Lu Xun and Yan Tu, which has continued to posterity.
(Reference: Lu Xun's peasant friend Zhang Yunshui)