"In the hazy sky, the horizon of the East rises suddenly, and they look very dazzling... They have a beautiful arc for the night sky. Unfortunately, this is not a holiday firework, but a Russian katoha! “
It was a German officer who recalled only one word that left when they fought 70 years ago. What war made him so memorable? What happened in this war, today let's go back to this brutal battle and explore the stories of the past.
During World War II, Nazi Germany began to launch a frenzied campaign of aggression against European countries in order to expand their throwers. The Pearls of the Danube in Europe and Eastern Europe did not escape the claws of the Nazis. In 1939, Hungary Hungary Regent, officially ruled by Hungary, became part of the axis.
In 1941, Hungary officially declared the Soviet Union, with a total of 20,000 military and civilian casualties for three years. Soviet troops continued to advance in front of Hungary, and Haji Hungary's Hungarian senior decided to withdraw from World War II in early 1944, entirely with the Nazis.
However, the Nazis absolutely did not allow such a "betrayer" to be presented. In March 1944, the Germans launched Operation Margaret, all of Hungary's territory, which became part of Hitler's "New Order" in Europe. Then, subsequently, Horthy tried to fight with the Allies, but by german military. Nazi waste was eliminated and the right-wing poisoned party "Arrow Cross" was officially opened.
After the Soviet occupation of Romania on October 6, 1944, he began a massive attack on Hungary on October 6, 1944. It was designed to defeat the Germans and liberate them. In the near future fierce fighting, most of Hungary was already "a capsule within a capsule, a capsule in a capsule in October", and the Red Army mainly arrived near Budapest.
According to the intentions of the Soviet camp, if you can successfully capture Budapest, you will not only ensure the expansion of the Soviet East by attacking the german local route by Soviet troops; In addition, over the years, the USSR could also increase with this battle. Indian chips, such as the United Kingdom and the United States. As a result, Budapest has become the "hard bone" of the Soviet army in front of the road.
In order to ensure the battle in Budapest, Stalin made a serious demand for the second ukrainian, just over the battle of Romania, and immediately threw himself into the battle of Budapest, the commanders of the two heroic armies were the famous Soviet Marshal Raili Rio Ji. Corvrevich Malinovski and the Federation Ivanovich Tolbin.
In addition, the Bulgarian army had just taken part in the battle from the head, and the Bulgarian army also took part in the battle. Included 70,000 soldiers, 3 tanks, 4 mechanical teachers, etc. Heavy weapons, there are nearly 10,000 tanks and self-organizers, as well as 2,300 aircraft types. In this paper, the SOVIETS could first "conquer" Budapest's most elite power.
For the city's army, their "power" seems to be super-measured: including the German 8, No. 6, 6th Panzer Army under the jurisdiction of the army, and the soldiers of the Hungarian Second and Third Groups of Armies, consisting of a total of 500,000 soldiers; More than 400 tanks, assault artillery and 588 aircraft were all heavy equipment in Budapest. The commander of this army was Wisena, the Hungarian army was the Southern Group Army, the leader of Ivan Radi and De Heat Laslo.
From a geographical source, crossing the entire city on the Danube will divide Budapest into two parts. Because the banks of the river and the buda of the limestone mountains were built on the hills, it was an important army since ancient times; The east bank is a Maping River, which has no natural obstacles and is easily invaded by foreign countries.
For this geographical location, the Germans were long prepared: in the panzer division of the northern part of the peso, another armored department extended from fantasy to the capitals of the southeast and southeast. The remaining troops held a match at Buda on the west bank of the Danube. The Soviets transported all their troops to towns near Budapest, and the 11 million soldiers were divided into two mobile groups with the aim of separating Budapest from the German and Hungarian troops.
On October 29, 1944, the most famous history of The Second World War was also the bloodiest bubble battle officially launched. The Soviet tank group, first attacking the army without defending the soldiers, suddenly launched an attack. The Germans were immediately divided into several anti-tank teams and combat units, and the first army of the Soviet army was violently blockaded.
The two sides entered a difficult war in the initial stages of the battle, as well as repeated strategic lands and key areas, and the Soviet army paid heavy casualties. On November 2, Soviet troops reached the outskirts of Budapest 15 km, and then the Soviet troops suffered complete German resistance.
Such a battle lasted until December 20, when the Soviet army won at a heavy price of 98,000 men. And completed the complete hedging of Budapest. The German major setback statement would be replaced: the original commander Fisner was raised to the German class, and the party army collected Carl Pusher-Vuitton Bruch made a new German commander.
The Germans also formed military branches to hinder the progress of the Soviet army. The two sides had launched a battle of uniforms and personnel, but were caught in a pile of scrap at the end of the destruction of the Soviet army, the day was Wescoss. German soldiers spent the most "special" Christmas of their lives with the sound of Soviet gunshots.
At noon, Soviet armored reconnaissance units struggled in the Castle Mountains in the Castle Mountains. Mountains, mountains and pathways have become the original battlefield, because there is enough strength that the Soviet army can only be an inch. The outbreak broke out through the Germans, and the Soviets decided to shift the attack to the eastern, northern, and southern districts of the Budapest Basin.
On December 28, after two days at the 13th "Hall" Panzer Division, the Soviet offensive had slowed down. In addition to the resilience of the Germans and the Hungarian army, Marina Novaskri had another plan: to persuade the Germans to ensure Germany's security. To this end, he also deliberately reported the situation to Shu Huang, which was quickly approved.
So Malinovski sent the captain of OSDA and the captain of Miklos Stanmetz to persuade in his hands, but both were on the way to persuasion. The defender also clearly understood Marshal: "refused to surrender to the last man", and the war was immediately rekindled on the 29th.
On the evening of the 29th and 30th, the Luftwaffe carried out material replenishment in the city and even helped defenders withdraw from 268 injuries. But this still does not change the dilemma of defenders and heavy weapons in Northern Europe, Hungary. Just as a soldier said: "... We're not bad, but the Soviets can increase losses and equipment, and it's just in the world that it makes people feel strong. Frustrated, it was really frustrated..." Soon, the Soviets launched a fierce bombardment of 10,000 shots at the City Guard. In 1944, the last day of the Soviet artillery fire was completed.
On New Year's Day 1945, in order to help the German troops of the German team besiege soviet troops, the Herbert Otto Gie Le Lee Party guards would launch the code from the northwest of Budapest, which was the entity of "Kang" and "Rad 1" in northwestern Budapest. And successfully knocked the Soviet 31-year-old near-regional army into a 32-kilometer city.
The brief victory of the aid greatly boosted the morale of the defenders. Only the city's anti-aircraft weapons were mobilized. The Air Force continued to transport materials to the city through transport vehicle bombers, losing tanks and artillery armored soldiers infantry. Germany wanted to help by helping with unfavorable combat.
But the Soviets would never allow such a plan: under marino's command, the 6th Tank Corps and the 7th Naval Army launched a counterattack against the Germans on January 6, with German reinforcements and defenders of the city completely separated, and other troops surrounding the city's city around the crowd. Since the leader's positive does not allow it, it cannot carry out an effective attack, which is not allowed to take effect. "Kangrad No. 1" was officially declared defeated, and from then on, the Germans also organized the "Conrad 2" battle, but also because the stubborn resistance of the Soviet army also declared defeat.
The army that lost its army, the survival situation was even worse, because the last runway was destroyed by Soviet weapons, and the Germans had to use gliders to transport materials; To alleviate the problem of rations, soldiers were forced to slaughter horses. hunger. Hunger in this city was also killed because they did not need any food, and "arrow criendia" also decided to identify Jews and opponents of the city, making the situation in Budapest worse.
At the same time, Soviet troops increased the number of cities in the city more affordably, and the German defense was defeated on January 7; After two days, the new Soviet Union was also lost on January 12 after the Soviet army broke the city park and Heroes' Square after the Soviet army broke down. In the face of the Soviet attack, German troops launched a bloody alley city in a bloody alley. As one journalist put it: "It was a terrible battle and the last scene was still a few years ago." Streets and gardens were covered with corpses, and the whole city seemed to be covered with huge amounts of dust and smoke. ”
On the second day, the Germans organized soldiers to resist, on the one hand, to prepare for a breakthrough. However, the Soviet occupation of cities is growing at a geometrical rate. On February 5, Chengdu Mountain was besieged by Soviet troops. The Germans used cemeteries in palace fortresses and even used cemeteries. At 20:20 on 11 February 1945, after the last internal meeting, the German defenders decided to lead the remaining troops through.
But under the fire of the Soviet army, these German soldiers were slaughtered like a lamb. In the slaughterhouse, where the Germans left only a bunch of institutions, a total of 2,000 people and planes were caught in the concentrated gunfire of the Red Army for several hours. The remaining soldiers were captured by Soviet soldiers, including the Budapest commanders - party members, Karl Push, Bushton, Bruce. In the end, only 785 people fled the environment of the Soviet army, and the defenders of the city were almost completely eliminated.
On February 16, the Soviets finally fully restored Castle Hill, finally reporting on the 108-day Battle of Budapest. The next day, at 9 a.m. in the world, people all over the world heard this exciting news in front of the radio: "The great Soviet Red Army has finally liberated the hungarian capital - Budapest, the Fasd german army, the final victory ... The victory flag has been flying in this Danube city city! “
According to post-war statistics, the German Yugoslav military group lost 125,000 people and all heavy weapons were destroyed; The Soviet army also paid the price of suffering, from November 1945 to February 1945, 80,026 people in the middle of the Soviet Union were wounded,240056 people were wounded and 32,000 people were missing. Rolled 1766 vehicles, more than 4,000 martial arts vehicles. Dutch civilians fell victim to the war: 13,000 died in the war, 25,000 died of starvation, and more than 25,000 were "cross-boned" parties or kills.
After experiencing this war, Budapest almost went bankrupt, 75% of the city's buildings were completely destroyed, some were completely removed from the map, and there was a lot of public in the Buda Palace, the Congress, the National Theatre. In this battle, the historic building was almost destroyed.
As the last major military campaign at the southern end, the Battle of Budapest almost exhausted the last strategic resources and the strategic layout of the Germans. In this battle, the Soviet army enriched the experience of large industrial cities, accumulated many practical and valuable experiences, and launched a good basis for follow-up city business.
reference:
"108 days of the Battle of Budapest"
"Decisive battlefield"
"I've been through the Battle of Budapest"