——Investigation on the diseases and pests of Huanglian and rhubarb in Enshi, Hubei Province
Editor's note: On July 1, 2017, with the promulgation of the National Law on Traditional Chinese Medicine, the production and cultivation of green pollution-free Chinese medicinal materials has been put on the agenda; It is imperative to find out the current situation of disease and pest prevention and control of medicinal plants and provide targeted scientific and technological support for the production of grass-roots Chinese herbal medicines. In this context, the "2017 Chinese Herbal Medicine Plant Protection Miles" activity, jointly initiated by the Chinese Herbal Medicine Production Base Co-construction and Sharing Alliance, the Alliance Plant Protection Committee, Huazhong Agricultural University, and the Chinese Materia Medica Tiandi Network, was officially launched on July 6, 2017.
This activity, supported by dozens of domestic plant protection enterprises and hundreds of scientific and technological experts, will mainly radiate around 6 Chinese herbal medicine planting bases: Jilin Baishan Ginseng Base, Yingshan Poria Base, Wenxian Four Huaiyao Bases, Minxian Angelica Base, Ningxia Zhongning Goji Berry Base, and Enshi Xuan Ginseng Base. Green Production of Chinese Herbal Medicines, the Plant Protection Committee of Chinese Materia Medica in action; Experts from Huazhong Agricultural University and other colleges and universities in action; The new generation of plant protection youth in action; Chinese herbal medicine world network in action!
In this issue, the 4th Research Group tracked down the prevention and control of huanglian and rhubarb diseases and insect pests in Enshi Prefecture, Hubei Province, as follows:
First, the basic overview of the itinerary
Figure 1: During the continuous rainfall in Enshi, the research team reached the Huanglian production area of Wuyang Dam.
1.1 Survey period: July 9-10, 2017
1.2 Survey destination: Wuyang Dam, Enshi Lichuan, Enshi, Hubei Province
1.3 Research content: Huanglian and rhubarb pests and pesticide use
1.4 The main medicinal materials produced in Enshi and Lichuan County: Huanglian, Rhubarb, Houttuynia cordata, Xuan Ginseng, Purple Oil Magnolia, Yaogui, Hubei Shellfish, GeXian Rice, Tianma and Dang Ginseng, etc.
Figure 2: Enshi Red Clay Township "Kiln Gui", a traditional authentic medicinal material in Enshi, is endangered.
Second, the investigation of the situation, Lichuan Huanglian disease and insect pest is not serious
Figure 3: Chicken feet that have been growing for about 6 years are optionally loaded.
Lichuan is located in the southwestern corner of Hubei, belonging to the northeast continuation of the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, which is the remnant of the Daba Mountain System and the northwest of the Wuling Mountain System. It is an excellent Chinese herbal medicine, especially the Huanglian suitable growth area, unique natural resources, creating the unique quality of Lichuan Huanglian, the local Huanglian shaped like a chicken's feet, rhizomes gathered into clusters, and the production capacity is increasing year by year.
Figure 4: Introduction to the Icheon Jianzhuxi Huanglian Cooperative.
Today to Lichuan Huanglian first town - Jianzhuxi Town on-site investigation, in the Dadaojiao Village Huanglian Professional Cooperative, the person in charge Ofi Mr. Xu Zegang received us very warmly. Mr. Xu Zegang began to engage in the cultivation of Huanglian from the age of eighteen, has more than 30 years of experience, and has developed his own set of high-yield technology of Huanglian and applied for a patent.
Figure 5: The Yellow Company under the shade canopy is growing well, and no serious pests and diseases have been found.
Boss Xu told us that his planting technique does not use pesticides, and the fertilizer is also the most natural sheep manure, rapeseed cake and grass and wood ash. Because huanglian grows very well and has a large planting density, it does not require too much manpower to weed. Not only is the input small, but the yield is high, up to 1000 catties per acre.
Picture 6: Taste Boss Xu's fresh Huanglianhua tea, the taste is good.
For the pest situation, Boss Xu said that his planting method science will not be too serious pests and diseases, which is close to our on-site observation. Subsequently, we asked two other elderly people in Dadaojiao Village who planted Huanglian on their own small scale, and they had all kinds of land. Asked whether to apply pesticides, the old man said that only herbicides are used, and they can't say the specific brands.
Figure 7: The research team learned about the use of local Chinese herbal medicines and pesticides at the Crop Hospital.
Third, Lichuan rhubarb large-scale development, production technology mature
Figure 8: The rhubarb production base in Yuanbao Township has entered a new season of production.
Today's itinerary is to Lichuan Yuanbao Township, because the local climate is suitable for planting and has a long history of cultivation, providing a good natural environment for the growth of a variety of Chinese medicinal materials. The local Qinlong Chinese Herbal Medicine Professional Cooperative has been engaged in the cultivation of huanglian and rhubarb for seven or eight years, and the rhubarb planting area is 1600 mu. We met Ms. Long Xiangyun, chairman of the cooperative, who told us that their products are mainly sold to Yunnan Baiyao Group, and often the supply exceeds demand.
Fig. 9: Fresh Icheon rhubarb longitudinal noodles.
In the course of our research, we learned that rhubarb is generally not grown with pesticides and fungicides. Only a small amount of herbicide is applied before sowing (but the Dragon Director himself did not inform us of the herbicide brand because he was not familiar with the planting process). Fertilizer application is mainly potassium sulfate, nitrogen fertilizer is almost not used, especially after the local and soybean planting, soybean rhizobia provide sufficient nitrogen nutrients for rhubarb.
Figure 10: Fresh rhubarb root that is born annually.
In Yuanbao, 1300 to 1500 rhubarb plants are generally planted per mu, and seeds can be sown all year round. But the best time to grow is from September to October every year. After two years of planting, the economic benefits are the best, one rhubarb fresh product can reach 25 kg, and the five-year rhubarb has the best medicinal effect.
Fig. 11: Insect moths appear in some rhubarb leaves, but do not require medication.
Subsequently, we inspected the rhubarb in the base and found that some of the rhubarb leaves had holes and yellowing. After the inquiry, Ms. Long told us that this is a normal leaf change phenomenon during the growth of rhubarb, which does not affect the normal growth of rhubarb, does not require the application of pesticides, and may affect the growth of rhubarb and post-processing after the application of pesticides.
Fourth, the survey concluded that the new production area is more conducive to the growth of huanglian and rhubarb
Since the local conditions in Enshi and Lichuan are suitable for the cultivation of huanglian and rhubarb, and the benefits are high, these Chinese herbal medicine cooperatives are developing well and gradually driving the economy of surrounding farmers.
At the same time, due to the fact that The production base in Lichuan has not been developed for a long time. Therefore, common pests and diseases such as powdery mildew, white silk disease, anthrax, as well as huanglian wood ruler moth, slug, grub, ground tiger and armyworm are not serious; Rhubarb production technology is relatively simple, and pesticide use is not serious. However, it mainly relies on yield to win, the concept of quality is not yet prominent, and some farmers use too much fertilizer.
Next, we will conduct a face-to-face interview with the director of Hubei Agricultural Chinese Materia Medica Research Institute on this investigation; And investigate the Chinese Herbal Botanical Garden in Enshi Prefecture, share the species and resources of Enshi Chinese herbal medicines, and don't miss it!
(Our network also welcomes all production areas and farmers, timely feedback on the local pest situation, and then hand it over to relevant experts for answers)
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