Beijing News (reporter Wang Jixin) to deal with the drying after the autumn, seasonal fruits, the most suitable for moisturizing the lungs and reducing noise is the pear. A qualified autumn pear, in addition to sweetness, must also show a unique taste, or crisp or soft, each trait is inseparable from the careful care of the grower. Recently, the Beijing News reporter selected the pears in Hebei, Shanxi, Beijing, Shanghai and other places that have obtained geographical indications, and after interviewing local fruit farmers, they found that in addition to the unique growth environment, fruit farmers around the world have done a good job in cultivating fertility and daily maintenance.
Yinzhuang Village, Hebei Province: Thousand-year-old trees still bear fruit in the thousands every year
Pears, apricots, peaches, dates, and chestnuts are collectively called five fruits, all of which are native to China. In the most well-known story of Kong Rong Rang pear, pear has appeared. From this ancient fruit with a history of more than 1,800 years, especially in the way pears are planted, it faithfully reflects the intimate relationship between people and the land.
Duck pear in Yinzhuang Village, Wanli Town, Suning County. Courtesy of respondents
Peng Xiaoguang, a duck pear grower in Yinzhuang Village, Wanli Town, Suning County, Cangzhou City, Hebei Province, told the Beijing News that the whole village has 2,600 mu of plain arable land, all of which are used to grow different varieties of pears such as duck pears. "The planting soil here is quicksand, the sandy loam soil left by the impact of the Gutang River, the soil contains the trace elements needed for the growth of pear trees, and the pear trees are planted on the slopes of the river, and the pears produced are sweet and crisp."
According to reports, due to the low water content of the surface soil layer, the root system of the pear tree is forced to grow downwards, the root depth can reach tens of meters, and the shell contained in the fine sandy soil is the natural nutrient for the growth of the pear tree. The local climate in Suning also provides favorable conditions for the growth of pear trees. According to the data, every August, there will be about 10 rainfalls during the ripening period of pears, the average time of sunshine throughout the year exceeds 2800 hours, and the temperature difference between day and night in Suning in September becomes larger, reaching an average of 14 °C, bringing ultra-high sweetness to Suning duck pears.
"There are 900-year-old pear trees in the village, and the chest diameter is about 2.5 meters." The reporter saw a passage about ancient pear trees on the website of the Suning County Government, "Yinzhuang Village and several surrounding villages have more than 10,000 acres of pear trees, of which there are more than 11,000 trees that are more than 100 years old, more than 2,000 trees that are more than 300 years old, more than 100 trees that are more than 600 years old, and the annual output of various pear fruits is 50,000 tons." According to Peng Xiaoguang, "The old trees that grow on the gutang river impact plain can bear 2,000 fruits to this day, and the trunk is so thick that two people can't hug it together." According to the data, the ancient pear tree group (big tree land) in Yinzhuang was rated as the key cultural relics protection unit of the "ancient pear tree group" by the Suning County People's Government.
"Our village has been growing pears for generations, and our ancestors have long mastered the technique of grafting pear trees with du pear trees and constantly improving varieties," Peng Xiaoguang said. ”
Salt Lake District, Shanxi: Saline-alkali soil produces juicy and sweet pears
"The skin is thin and large, the meat is fine and crisp, the juice is sweet, and it is crisp and delicious." This is what people say about the crisp pears in the Salt Lake District of Shanxi.
Before the National Day, in the orchards of villages in the Salt Lake District of Yuncheng City, Shanxi Province, fruit farmers are busy picking and packaging fresh fruits for transportation to markets around the world. This is the season when the local specialty variety of pears ripens.
Yulu fragrant pear in the Salt Lake District of Shanxi. Courtesy of respondents
Huo Teng, the fruit industry development center of Yuncheng Salt Lake District, told reporters that the salt lake area is located at the junction of Qin, Jin and Yu provinces in the middle reaches of the Yellow River, with low terrain and a large number of salt-containing minerals, resulting in local saline and alkaline soil. The temperature difference between day and night here is 12.3 °C, with sufficient precipitation and long sunshine time, which has favorable conditions for the growth of pear trees. "The Fruit Industry Center is responsible for guiding farmers to maintain the status of a landmark fruit for salt lake crisp pears through measures such as improving the soil, changing the shape of thinning, controlling water and production, and picking in a timely manner."
According to reports, in 2017, salt lake crispy pears obtained the use of the "ecological origin protection products" logo, and the 80,000 mu of crisp pear production base in the whole region was identified as a national-level demonstration zone for the quality and safety of export food and agricultural products.
While planting traditional varieties, fruit farmers in the Salt Lake Area are also updating the crisp pear varieties, "In recent years, some of the crisp pear trees planted 23 years ago have been adjusted and replaced, and the jade dew pears with better fruit color, fruit type and taste have been planted." According to Xue Fengwu, president of the Shangwangxiang Fruit Industry Association in The Salt Lake District, "This pear overcomes the shortcomings of Korla pear fruit is small, the core is large, and the edible rate is low, and on the basis of maintaining the taste, the fruit type and fruit color are particularly good-looking." ”
Beijing Mentougou: The mouth can't eat Beijing white pears in a hurry
Among the traditional fruits grown in Beijing, Beijing white pears have distinct characteristics and a long history of cultivation. According to reports, Beijing has been planting Beijing white pear for more than 400 years, and the core production area is mengwu village and Dongshan village in Junzhuang Town, Mentougou District, where there are still more than 300 old pear trees more than 200 years old.
A local fruit farmer surnamed Qi told reporters that the reason why Jingbai pear is a characteristic fruit of Mentougou is mainly because the soil grown is loess, and the pear tree grows in the mountain depression, and the temperature difference between day and night is large. The unique natural conditions, coupled with the application of organic fertilizer, make the Beijing white pear in Mentougou have a unique taste.
The picked Kyobai pear needs to be left for about a week to taste the sweetest. Photo courtesy of the Propaganda Department of the Mentougou District CPC Committee
According to fruit farmers who have been growing Jingbai pear for many years, unlike other pears, Jingbai pears belong to the post-ripening fruit. After ripening, it needs to be picked in time and placed for about a week, and it is the sweetest and tastiest to eat, in the words of pear farmers, "eat yellow, choose green". Ripe pineapples, sweet and juicy, melt in the mouth, almost no fiber slag,
It is understood that as a high-quality autumn pear variety, Jingbai pear also had a state banquet table on the 10th anniversary of the National Day in 1959.
Shanghai Cangqiao: "Early new water" pear price is uniformly sold by one
As a word-of-mouth product in Shanghai, the "early new water" pear produced in the Cangqiao area of Songjiang has long been famous.
"During the Ming and Qing dynasties, every household in the Songjiang Cangqiao area had the tradition of growing pears, and the traditional old varieties included Shanghai honey pears," Qian Peihua, chairman of the Shanghai Cangqiao Crystal Pear Professional Cooperative, told reporters, "The Cangqiao area is a typical Jiangnan water town, the soil is the blue and purple mud deposited by the lake and river, the organic matter is rich in nutrients, the sunshine is sufficient, and the precipitation is abundant, providing good natural conditions for the growth of pears."
Crystal pears in shanghai's Cangqiao area are songjiang's traditional specialty agricultural products. Courtesy of respondents
The local government adopts the planting mode of "cooperative + company + scientific research institution", with the 450-mu demonstration base built by Shanghai Cangqiao Crystal Pear Development Co., Ltd. as the core, and guides more than 1,000 mu of cooperative orchards around it to engage in organic planting.
During the interview, the reporter learned that the early pears in the Cangqiao area can be harvested in July every year, and the harvesting season can last until September.
"This year there was a typhoon, and the harvest season ended early at the end of August." According to reports, the total output of Cangqiao pears this year is about 1500 tons.
Cooperatives are responsible for providing planting technology, water and fertilizer management, and at the same time setting sales prices. Despite the typhoon disaster this year, the production has decreased, and the sales price of pears has remained the same as in previous years, without fluctuations. Qian Peihua told reporters that "Cangshui pears are not sold by weight, and the guidance price we set is 10 yuan each." ”
"At present, the orchard has entered the maintenance management period." Qian Peihua told reporters that at a distance of about 1 meter from the trunk, dig a pit that is 70 centimeters long, 90 centimeters wide and 50 centimeters deep, and apply organic fertilizer to prepare for next year's bumper harvest.
Beijing News reporter Wang Jixin edited by Tang Zheng
Proofreading Liu Baoqing