In the early years of the Three Kingdoms, there were several intelligence struggles between Wei and Wu, which ended with the Wei spy Yin Fan being killed by Sun Quan.
Because both Wei and Wu kept the "Hidden Case" secretive, there are very few relevant records left. However, from the remaining Yoshimitsu Kataba, it is still possible to roughly restore the original appearance of the event.
In short, Yin Fan was a spy sent by the State of Wei to Eastern Wu, whose mission was to infiltrate Sun Wu's court and use his power to create political chaos in Eastern Wu.
This article wants to discuss the historical events of the Hidden Case, discuss its origin and end causes, and discuss and analyze the details.
This article totals 5500 words and takes 11 minutes to read
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="7" > the historical background of the hidden east of Eastern Wu</h1>
The hidden invasion of Eastern Wu was not an active provocation by the State of Wei, but a counterattack against Eastern Wu's divisive behavior.
In the first year of Wu Huanglong's reign (229), Sun Quan ordered Hu Zong to write a book falsely accusing Cao Wei's chancellor Wu Qian of plotting rebellion. Wu was therefore jealous of Cao Rui and summoned back to Luoyang.
When the Wei descendants or the Yunwei governor Of Hebei Zhenwei general Wu Qian, quite suspicious, (Hu) Zong nai pseudo -- (Wu) quality as the three articles of the descending text. --Wu Shu Hu Zong Biography
Wu Zhi was a major official of the Wei Dynasty, an official to the Zhenwei general (Zhenbei general in the Book of Jin), and the military governor of Hebei. He befriended Cao Pi and was called "Four Friends".
Wu Zhi (吴質), a native of Jiyin, was favored by Emperor Wen with his literary talents, and was an official to the general of Zhenwei, and the military governor of Hebei under false festivals. --The Book of Wei and the Biography of Wang Yue -- Epigraph
However, at that time (229), Cao Pi was already dead, and Cao Rui had not been on the throne for a long time, so Sun Quan took advantage of the sensitive period of the change of the Wei throne to carry out divisive activities.
Shortly after Wu Was summoned back to Luoyang, he was transferred to shizhong (侍中). ShiZhong is a close minister who "accompanies the king and accompanies the driver and deals with the left and right", which shows that Wu Tian has not fallen out of favor.
This article is popular, and the (Wu) quality has entered (Luoyang) as a waiter. --Wu Shu Hu Zong Biography
In the service, than two thousand stones. Note: No staff. He is in charge of the left and right, praises and guides, and advisors respond. --The Book of the Continuation of the Han Dynasty and the Chronicles of the Hundred Officials
Sun Quan shi divised the plot, and Wu Qian was summoned back to Luoyang as a servant
Although the rank of the servant (compared to the two thousand stones) was lower than that of the general (two thousand stones), Cao Pi once stipulated that those who left the zhenzhou county must first go through the training of "jingguan". It can be seen that Cao Rui still considered reusing Wu Qian again.
The people of the world, who want to make all the nobles and redundancies of the "scattered riding constant attendants" (referring to the "scattered riding and constant service"), and then go out of the prefecture and county, is the original intention of Wu (referring to Cao Pi). --"Wei Mingchen Song"
Note: The rank, post, and executive position of the waiter are exactly the same as those in the waiter, but the costume is slightly different. The scattered rider is often served as the "Right Sable Golden Cicada", and the waiter is the "Left Sable Golden Cicada". The source of history can be found in the General Dictionary, and the relevant discussion is in Huang Huixian's "The Development and Change of the Institutions of Cao Wei's Service".
Although Wu Zhi did not get another chance to be released, he was able to die well in Luoyang.
It can be seen from this that after internal investigation, Cao Wei has discovered that the so-called "Wu hostage rebellion" is actually a divisive plan of Eastern Wu.
In return, Cao Rui launched an intelligence counterattack and sent spies to Eastern Wu the following year (230) to carry out political sabotage. At that time, the person who acted as a spy was Hidden.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="152" > the hidden question of place of origin</h1>
Due to The Hidden Man's "returned" identity (i.e., surrender), the credibility of his resume is undoubtedly discounted. However, some valuable information can still be extracted from it.
According to the "Biography of Hu Zong", Yin Bo was a native of Qingzhou. This is a key clue.
(Huang Long) In the second year, the Qingzhou people returned to Wu. --Wu Shu Hu Zong Biography
In the Eastern Wu regime, northerners from the south, regardless of their place of origin, were generally regarded as members of the Huaisi clique, which was a force relied upon by Sun Quan.
The hidden background of Qingzhou also gives him a large space for activities. Because there were many Qingzhou people who held high positions in Eastern Wu; for example, Sun Shao, the first chancellor of Eastern Wu, was a Native of Qingzhou Beihai.
(Sun) Shao Zi Changxu, a native of Beihai. --Wu Lu
At the same time, the father and son of Teng Yin and Teng Yin of the "Dianjun Guoshu", as well as Shizhong Yi and others, were also from the Qingzhou Beihai.
Teng Yinzi Chengsi, Beihai drama people also. Uncle (Teng) Delay, Father (Teng) The good is a literary, the right to treat the guests, the military book is sparse, and the profit and loss are often polished. --Wu Shu Teng Yin Biography
It is Yi Zi Yu, Beihai Yingling people also. --"Wu Shu is a biography of Yi"
Although the Book of Wu does not record the specific county of Yinbo, judging from the distribution of county looks of the bureaucrats from Qingzhou in Eastern Wu, it is very likely that Yinfan came from Beihai County.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="157" > why the hidden man was asked to enter the court lieutenant system</h1>
At the beginning of His entry into Wu, he did not see the use of narration, and he only got the opportunity to meet by taking the initiative to write to Sun Quan. After some "drumming and shaking his lips", Yin Bo was granted the post of "Ting Wei Supervisor" by Sun Quan, and thus entered the judicial system of Eastern Wu.
(Sun) Quan discussed the prison with (hidden) Fan Sheng, and used it as a court lieutenant prison. --Wu Shu Hu Zong Biography
Ting Wei is the chief judicial officer, and there are three types of aide-de-camps, namely Ting Wei Supervisor, Ting Wei Zheng, and Ting Wei Ping, and the number varies.
During his tenure as tingwei supervisor, Yin Fan was appreciated by Tingwei Haopu. Hao Pu said that Yin Bo had "Wang Zuo's talent" and was therefore "particularly friendly with him". Hao Pu even repeatedly "complained about his grievances" and showed signs of promoting the other party as a successor.
The Ting Wei Hao Pu claimed that (Cain) Fan had the talent of Wang Zuo, and Pu You was friendly with him, often complaining about his grievances. --Wu Shu Hu Zong Biography
It can be seen that Yin Bo undoubtedly has relevant experience in judicial work, so he can quickly gain the favor of Hao Pu.
In fact, the hidden entry into the Imperial Guard system of Eastern Wu was an established plan. The Wu Lu states that "Emperor Ming of Wei ordered Yin Bo to defect to Wu fraudulently, and ordered him to serve as a court lieutenant", and then took advantage of his position to alienate the Eastern Wu monarchs.
Emperor Ming of Wei made a false rebellion like Wu, and ordered him to serve as a court lieutenant, and the minister of serious cases was separated. --Wu Lu
It is necessary to talk about why Cao Rui instructed Yin Bo to break into the judicial system of Eastern Wu.
This is highly related to Cao Rui's academic background.
Cao Rui adhered to the old system of his father and ancestors, severely punished the law, and flogged the courtiers. At the same time, Cao Rui was particularly interested in matters such as the adjudication of cases and the law, and "every time the prison is broken, it is often fortunate to watch and listen to it."
Emperor Ming was pleased to raise the number of people who made great breakthroughs with a slight. - "Wei Luo"
Cao Rui even changed the phrase "looking at the horizon" to "listening to the litigation view." It can be seen that he does have a special love for judicial affairs.
In the winter of October, change the level of observation and observation. The emperor often said, "The prisoner, the life of the world is also", and every time the great prison is broken, he is often fortunate to watch and listen to it. --Book of Wei and The Chronicle of emperor Ming
Emperor Ming often said: "Prisoners, the life of the world."
From the perspective of technical specialization, The academic background of Yin Bo and Cao Rui is highly compatible. From the perspective of age, Yin Bo was only twenty-two years old when he entered Wu, similar to the age of Cao Rui at that time, and it may also be an old man when Emperor Ming was in the hidden residence.
The book on (Hidden) reads: "The subject wenyun is the wayless, and the micro-son comes out first; Gao Zu Kuanming, Chen Ping enters first." In the twenty-second year of the subject's reign, he renounced the feudal domain and returned to the Tao, and the Heavenly Spirit of Laimeng was given the perfection of his own. ——"Wu Shu Hu Zong Biography"
Cao Rui is particularly concerned about espionage work. There are not only "living rooms" such as hidden flowers, but also "dead rooms" such as Han Long.
Note: Sun Tzu's Art of War divides spies into five categories, cause, in, counter, death, and life.
In the third year of qinglong (235), Wei Mu was troubled by Xianbei's intrusion, so he sent a spy Han Long to assassinate Xianbei's lord Kebineng. The generation of tyrants who "dominated the north of Saibei and dominated the Imperial Group" died under the assassin's sword in such a vacuum.
In the third year of the Qinglong, the Assassin King of Youzhou sent the warrior Han Long to kill Kebineng. --Book of Wei Xianbei Biography
Sun Quan may initially have doubts about the identity of The Hidden Man. When he met with Yin Bo, he once asked Hu Zong as an observer to participate in the review.
(Sun) Quan was summoned. (Cain) Fan Xie answered questions, and Chen Shiwu was very rhetorical. (Hu) Sit at the time of synthesis. --Wu Shu Hu Zong Biography
Hu Zong was born in Runan, Yuzhou, and like Yinfan, he also belonged to the list of "people from the south to the north". At the same time, Hu Zong once "pawned military and state secret affairs" and had a relevant background in intelligence work.
(Hu Zong) is the book department, and is close to Yi Yi and Xu Shu to the military and state secret affairs. --Wu Shu Hu Zong Biography
In Hu Zong's view, Yin Fan is a "skillful debater", who belongs to the cultural advocacy of You Heng and Dongfang Shuo, and should be granted a "small post", which cannot be of great use.
(Hu) Summed up the book: "(Hidden) The book is written, the big language is like the Oriental Shuo, and the clever sophistry is like You Heng, and the talent is not enough." ——"Wu Shu Hu Zong Biography"
Unfortunately, Sun Quan did not heed Hu Zong's advice, but instead granted the heavy responsibility of the lieutenant of the Hidden Court, laying the foundation for the subsequent turmoil.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="170" > the object of hidden political activities and friendships in Eastern Wu</h1>
Although YinBo spent only one year in Eastern Wu (230-231), the results of his intelligence work were extremely conspicuous.
During this period, he befriended a wide range of celebrities, weaved a network of connections, and plotted against his courtiers.
His search for goals can be roughly divided into two categories. One is the Hao clan of Jingzhou (especially the former generals of the Shu Han Dynasty), and the other is the Hao clan of Wu County (especially Sun Quan's in-laws).
(1) Jingzhou Hao
Yin's direct superior in Eastern Wu, Hao Pu (郝浦), was the former Lingling Taishou under Liu Bei. Hao Pu lost repeatedly against Wu and eventually surrendered to Wu after Guan Yu's defeat (219).
When the hidden man returned to Wu (230), Hao Pu had been in Wu for more than ten years, and had reached the rank of Jiuqing, and held the judicial power, with considerable political energy.
Hao Pu was born in Yiyang (Yiyang used to belong to Nanyang). In the Shu Han dynasty, there were many high-ranking cadres from Yiyang, and Wei Yan, Lai Min, Deng Zhi, Fu Wei, and Liu Yong were all born in Yiyang.
Hao Pu zi tai, Yiyang people. --"Ji Han Fu Chen Zan"
Because Hao Pu had no choice but to surrender Wu, he had a high chance of rebellion. Lü Meng also said that "Hao Pu heard that there are loyal and righteous things in the world, and he also wants to do it."
Hao Zitai (郝浦字子太) heard that there were loyal and righteous things in the world, and he also wanted to do it, but he did not know the time. --The Biography of Wu Shu and Lü Meng
When the first Lingling was lost (215), Hao Pu returned to Liu Bei's command, and it was not until the second loss of Lingling (219) that Hao Pu completely surrendered to Wu.
Liu Bei asked meng, (Sun) Quan Nai Gui (Hao) Pu and so on. --The Biography of Wu Shu and Lü Meng
Lü Meng: Hao Pu heard that there are loyal and righteous things in the world
The other person that Yin Fan tried to rebel against was Hao Pu's colleague Pan Mao.
Pan Mao was also a former official of Liu Bei, who used to be a senior governor of Jingzhou. After Guan Yu's death, Pan Mao surrendered to Wu.
Pan Mao's cousin was Lingling Jiang Huan, who was prominent in the Shu Han Dynasty at that time. In view of this, Pan Mao also has a high counter-offensive value.
Shi (Pan) Mao's uncle Lingling Jiang Huan was a Shu general, or a (Pan) Li Yu Wuling Tai guard jing. --"The Legend of Jiang Biao"
However, Pan Mao was not at peace with Guan Yu in the past, and had also participated in the rebellion against the Wu army, and his sincerity in submission to Eastern Wu was relatively high, so he was not instigated by Yin Fan.
The first lord entered Shu, with (Pan Mao) as the ruler of Jingzhou, and the state affairs were retained, and Guan Yu was not Mu. --"Ji Han Fu Chen Zan"
Note: The Book of Shu states that Pan Mao took the initiative to surrender to Wu, while the Book of Wu does not say anything about it. "The Biography of Jiang Biao" even took the initiative to protect Pan Mao. The scholar Fang Shiming believes that mi fang, Shiren and Eastern Wu were in contact with Eastern Wu through Pan Mao. See The Loss of Guan Yu and Jingzhou.
Although Yin Fan failed to plot against Pan Mao, he successfully campaigned against Pan Mao's son Pan Yi. Pan Yi "and circumvention, feeding".
(Pan) 濬子 (潘)翥也與 (Hidden Bo) also circling with (Hidden) and feeding him. --Wei Yao, Book of Wu
Furious at the news, Pan Scolded his son and drew a clear line with The Hidden One, thus saving him from future disasters.
(2) Wu County Hao clan
Another type of character who is intertwined with the hidden and the bony is the Wu County Hao clan.
Sun Quan ruled Jiangdong and practiced the art of checks and balances, that is, using the three branches of the clan, the Huaisi group, and the Jiangdong group to check each other. Among them, Wu County's attendance at the audit gate valve was a force that was particularly suspicious of Sun Quan and was repeatedly suppressed.
In this context, Yin Fan took the initiative to make good friends with Wu Jun's surname for future use.
Zhu Zhao, Quan Chun, and others were all successfully bribed by Yin Bo. Zhu praised him for "having the talent of Wang Zuo", and Quan Chun for "treating him with all his heart".
The left general Zhu Zhi and the court lieutenant Hao Pu claimed that (Cain) Had Wang Zuo's talent. --Wu Shu Hu Zong Biography
Lieutenant Shi Ting's overseer befriended Haojie, and the self-defense general Quan Chun and others were treated with great respect. --Wei Yao, Book of Wu
It should be noted that zhu and quan's identity are extraordinary. Zhu Shangsun Luyu and Quan Chun Shangsun Luban, the two were not only the sons of noble relatives, but also the son-in-law of Sun Quan.
In the first year of Huanglong, (Sun) Quan moved the capital jianye, and Zheng (Zhu) according to Princess Shang. --Book of Wu, Zhu Zhu Biography
In the first year of Huang Long's reign, (Quan Chun) Qian Wei general, Zuo Hujun, Xuzhou Mu, and Princess Shang. --The Book of Wu Quan Chuan
Sun Luyu and Sun Luban's birth mother, Lady Bu, "favored the crowned backyard and called the Middle Palace", actually had the status of empress (at that time, Sun Quan had not yet been formally established).
(Lady Bu) was blessed with her beauty to (Sun) Quan, and spoiled the backyard... All in the palace are called empresses, and relatives are called middle palaces. --"The Biography of Lady Wu Shu bu"
In other words, in eastern Wu for only one year (230-231), Yin Fan not only succeeded in confusing Hao Pu, Pan Yi and other Shu Han generals, but even the closest relatives around Sun Quan became supporters of Yin Fan.
In the end, the East Window Incident occurred, Hao Pu was forced to commit suicide, and Zhu Zhu was imprisoned. Probably because there was no actual evidence of the crime, and because of Sun Luban(the princess was most liked by Sun Quan), Quan Chun was taken lightly and was luckily exonerated.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="179" > how the cryptids were exposed</h1>
Intelligence personnel are often exposed not because of personal qualities, but because of unavoidable reasons. The same is true of the case of the hidden.
In fact, in terms of Hidden Social Skills, speed of promotion, and academic level, if he does not take the initiative to take action, he will never be easily caught.
Although the reason for the exposure of The Hidden Fan is unknown in the history books, it can be basically determined by comparing the clues of time: the Hidden Fan was forced to act in advance in order to protect the interests of the Wei State, so the identity was revealed.
In the third year of Wu Huanglong (231), that is, after Yin Bo lurked in Eastern Wu for one year, Sun Quan sent Zhonglang to surrender Sun Bu to the Wei general Wang Ling and set up heavy troops to prepare to ambush the other side.
Zhonglang tricked Sun Bu into surrendering to lure the Wei general Wang Ling, and Ling took the army to meet him. --Book of Wu, Biography of Wu
Sun Quan used a similar method not long ago. Three years earlier (228), he had sent the Taishou Zhou of Poyang to deceive the Wei general Cao Xiu and set up an ambush to annihilate the Wei army, causing Cao Xiu to fall ill and die suddenly.
(Cao) Xiu Guoxin (Zhou) Bream, Shuai Bu rode 100,000, and the road was full of weight, and the path came into Anhui. Qu Also joined the crowd, along with Lu Xun crossed (Cao) Hugh, Hugh disintegrated, and won ten thousand. --The Biography of Wu Shu and Zhou Qu
(Cao) Hugh wrote a letter of apology, and (Ming) Emperor Sent Tun Riding Colonel Yang Ji to comfort and give Yilong a gift. Hugh thus had a carbuncle on his back. --The Biography of Wei Shu and Cao Xiu
Zhou Bream cut off his hair to earn Cao Xiu
This time Sun Quan repeated the old technique, Wang Ling's situation can be imagined. Hidden Was forced to act in advance, unfortunately leaked secrets, "felt dead", and was eventually arrested and killed.
And when things are realized, (hidden) the dead go away, and catch them. --Wu Lu
In fact, Yin Fan's advance action did save Wang Ling's life. The Biography of Lord Wu records that "Wang Lingjue left". Although the history books do not explicitly state the reason for Wang Ling's escape, combined with the time background (231), it can be seen that The Hidden Man undoubtedly played a key role in it.
In the winter of October, (Sun) Quan lurked in Fuling with a large army, and (Wang) Ling Jue left. --Book of Wu, Biography of Wu
Before Yin Bo was killed, Sun Quan personally interrogated him and was tortured with a sword and a staff. But Yin Bo was not subservient, and also said, "Husband is plotting, is there no companion?" The death of a martyr is not enough to hold an ear.".
(Cain) Fan Yue: "Sun Jun, husband plots things, do you have no companions!" The death of a martyr is not enough to hold an ear. So he shut up and died. --Wu Lu
Concealing these words is equivalent to clearly telling Sun Quan that this secret operation has a fellow party (husband plotting, is there no companion), but he would rather die than confide in the same party (not enough to tie up, shut up and die), and is indeed an excellent quality intelligence worker.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="187" > summary</h1>
Although there are few records of the hidden case, through the combing and concatenation of historical materials, the original appearance of the event can still be restored, which is conducive to better understanding the background of the times and the historical process.
In fact, in addition to the above-mentioned microscopic analysis, the Hidden Fan case also involved another major historical case later, namely the Lü Yi case.
Lü Yi was a school official set up by Sun Quan, responsible for monitoring the group of ministers and picketing whistleblowers. The Book of Wu has a record of Lü Yi, and almost all of the Eastern Wu ministers were impeached by Lü Yi.
(Sun) Quan trusted the school's affairs, Lü Yi, who was harsh and miserable, and used profoundly. --Book of Wu, Biography of Wu
Lü Yi's origins were not isolated incidents, but because Yin Fan did not give up the list of the same party before his death, Sun Quan was suspicious, so he used the school affairs to supervise the group of ministers, with the intention of catching out the inner ghosts. It can be seen that the "Lü Yi case" and the "hidden case" are actually mutually causal.
Question the party with, (hidden) nothing to say. --Wu Lu
In fact, Lü Yi's active period coincided with the death of Yin Bo (231). At that time, not only Lu Xun, Gu Yong, Zhuge Jin and others were reprimanded, but even ministers such as Pan Mao, who took the initiative to draw a clear line with Yin Fan, were also tossed around. Pan Mao was mentally unbalanced because of this, and he also planned to die with Lü Yi.
Shi Zhongshu canonically studied Lü Yi, stealing authority, and being good at Wei Fu, (Lu) Xun and Tai Chang Pan Mao were worried about it, and their words were drooling. --The Biography of Wu Shu and Lu Xun
(Pan) Isai greatly invited Bailiao, because he would kill (Lü) Yi with a blade in his hand, and deserve it with his own body. --The Biography of Wu Shu and Pan Mao
Lü Yi was good at weifu, and Lu Xun and Pan Mao were drooling
It should be noted that Lü Yi "catapulted a hundred officers", but he did not report it. Lü Yi was Sun Quan's minions, and history has a conclusive conclusion; it can be known that letting go was Yi, but it was actually at the behest of Sun Quan.
Lü Yili Bai will be a chancellor, or a person with a sinner number four, and there is no white (yes) ceremony. --"Wu Shu is a biography of Yi"
It is Yi who was born in The Beihai of Qingzhou, and is the "state" of the hidden, and may even be the "township" of the hidden. Supposedly it should be the first to be questioned, but the opposite is true.
It is yi yi who "went to see his relatives and took charge of confidentiality", which shows that like Hu Zong, he was also born in the intelligence system and had rich experience in investigation and counter-reconnaissance. Hu Zong once denounced Yin Fan, arguing that "it should not be of great use" (see note above), and the position of Yi Yi should be similar.
(Yes) to, see (Sun Quan) pro-appointment, special ceremony secrets, worship the lieutenant. --"Wu Shu is a biography of Yi"
It was Yi who dodged Lü Yi's blows, which undoubtedly shows that he should have reminded Sun Quan in the Hidden Fan case, so he was excluded from the suspect. The Book of Wu will be a biography of Yi and Hu (both in Volume XVII), which is probably also an allusion to this historical background.
In a nutshell, the time node when The Hidden Fan went south was after Sun Wu used Cao Wei to slander Wu Qian, so it can be regarded as the infiltration and counter-infiltration of Both Wei and Wu. Using this case as a clue, and connecting the subsequent Lü Yi case, it is helpful to understand the political ecology of Eastern Wu and the logic of Sun Quan's behavior.
I am Fat Mi, the original author of the history of the headline number. Talk about historical anecdotes and focus on the history of the Three Kingdoms. From the clues in Shi Hai's sinking hook and the Yoshimitsu katayu, to analyze the hidden meaning behind the unfolding.
Thanks for reading.