Guangwumen Prison Storm
Lanzhou, in history, this city is not large, the city gate towers are not many, nor majestic enough, but there are many names and names of each city gate. Ordinary people love the city, the city gate buildings are not called according to the official name, each has its own nickname or common name, you say for example, the original Linxia Road south of the city gate, the official name is called Jing'an Gate, also called Jing'an Gate, Blessing Gate, but it does not open all year round, the lock is tight and solid, want to go to "Shanggou", "Xiagou" and other places to appreciate the blooming pear blossoms, you have to go around a large circle from the Anding Gate or the West Gate. The common people were so angry that they gave it an image name according to the harmonic sound of the Blessing Gate, called "Dead Door"! Speaking it with gritted teeth in the Lanzhou dialect, which is very "porcelain", it has a different charm.
View of Guangwumen Street in 1933
"Guangwumen" is an exception. This city gate was also called "Chongwen Gate" during the Daoguang years, and some people also called it "New Gate", but most people called it Guangwu Gate by the official. Most of the time, what people call Xinguan or GuangwuMen is not a single city gate, but a large area around the inside of GuangwuMen.
The center of the Old City Gate Building of Guangwumen is probably on the west side of the current Heshuidao Vegetable Market, a little south of the bus station.
Qin'an Road, the original old road refers to the road between the east gate of the inner city "Laixu Gate" and the outer city "Guangwu Gate", also known as Xinguan Street, Xinguan Street, Xinguanzheng Street. After the establishment of Lanzhou in 1941, it was called Guangwu Road.
Lookout residential areas
There is a "Fuller Spring Hotel" on the south side of Qin'an Road, the former chef Ma Lin and others are from yuebin building, the craftsmanship is good, the business was once very brilliant, these two years let the epidemic be a little sluggish. There is a small alley called Self-Confidence Road on the west side of the hotel, which was called Zhongxin Lane during the Guangxu Period, which leads to Huating Street, Xinhua Lane, Stone Lane, Wufu Lane and so on. The large area from The Self-Confidence Road to the East City Wall was originally a place where soldiers were trained, and the scale and area were much smaller than the teaching grounds in the eastern suburbs, so they were called "small teaching grounds".
In the 1970s and 1980s, this area was allocated to the Provincial Department of Agriculture as a whole, and after large-scale renovation and construction, it had a reservoir, boiler room, auditorium, canteen, office building, family courtyard and other complete facilities, and there was a gate on the east and north sides of the courtyard. In the past, many streets and courtyards were staggered and uneven. The same is true in the Xinguan area, the residential areas on both sides are much higher than the road, and the north gate of the Agricultural Hall was originally a large ramp with high south and low north. In the 1970s, Lao Zheng, a cadre of lanzhou ink factory, stood on the truck car to the Agricultural Department for a meeting, and when he entered the door on the slope, he was bumped out of the carriage and fell to the ground, failing to rescue it, which brought a heavy blow to a large family living in the back street of Guangwumen, after which the Agricultural Department closed the north gate and banned it.
Some courtyards are more than half a room higher than the road
Before the liberation, you carefully counted, the temple ancestral halls and prisons in Lanzhou City (including the military and police Xiante detention places) seemed to be extraordinarily many, only the Guangwu Gate inside and outside the temple is dotted, from the Xiannong Altar, there is a GuangwuMen Back Street Mouth a few steps, some people call Lide Lane ghost alley, do not know whether there is anything to do with this temple; there is a Tanyun Temple next to the third middle school campus; there is a Matsu Temple on the other side, Lanzhou dialect called Mazi Temple; there is also a Rongguang Temple in Xiaobei Street. Between Xinguan and Dongguan, mosques, temples, and family shrines are raised.
Speaking of prisons, there are two on the south side of Xinguan Street, which is six or seven hundred meters long, and one on the west side is more heard of, because it is a "secret prison" set up by the "military command". There is also a "secret prison" set up by the "Central Unification", on the mouth of Donglijiawan in the temple beach. The reason why people have heard more about it is basically through underground parties or prison-related reminiscences. In fact, at that time, the two "secret prisons" were really very secret, and few ordinary people really knew about it.
And this prison at the east end of Xinguan Street, I think that few people did not know at that time, is much more famous than the two sneaky "secret prisons". Because it covers a large area, the building is magnificent, the façade is formal, and the big sign is hung upright, it is a prison in the true sense and standard.
In June 1941, on the large land of the current Department of Agriculture, a brand new prison was erected on the flat land, which was a newly built "new prison" built by the Republic of China government, and the warden at that time was named Liu Shiming. Prisons are being built along with detention centers. During the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, prisons at the state level were under the jurisdiction of the "courts". This "new prison" is of this nature.
In 1903, the Qing court decreed that the reform of the construction and management of prisons in the country was approved, and a "model prison" was created as a national unified architectural style and management template, and in 1909 (the first year of Xuanun), Gansu first changed the name of the prison to "model prison" - development and construction could not keep up, at least to grasp the management first.
After the founding of the Republic of China, the government absorbed the successful experience of the previous dynasty, continued to improve prisons, and prepared to build various types of "new-style prisons". On March 23, 1912 (the first year of the Republic of China), Gansu was transferred to the Beijing government of the Republic of China, and a new type of "Gansu First Prison" was built in Lanzhou.
Large tracts of opium poppy grown
In August 1915 (the 4th year of the Republic of China), the "poppies" in various parts of Gansu were full of flowers, and the government openly banned the cultivation of poppies and the sale of large cigarettes, but in private, they showed their magic and made a fortune. Ding Yannian, a member of the Wudu County Anti-Smoking Committee, is such a tiger and wolf generation, because of his clever designation in every possible way, looking for various reasons to extort and extort peasant Wang Shiqing, arousing great indignation in the local area, and was surrounded by a large group of peasants who resisted and beat him, and under the fist of chaos, he killed 8 of Ding Yannian's minions on the spot, and buried Ding Yannian and 7 others alive. After Wang Shiqing surrendered, he was escorted to Gansu No. 1 Prison for more than a year, and later he was released after being fined 3,000 taels of silver.
On November 11, 1917 (the 6th year of the Republic of China), on the orders of Sun Yat-sen, the league members of the newly built Right Army in Gansu prepared to launch a Dharma Protection Uprising in Didao (present-day Lintao), and Zhang Guangjian, the overseer of Gansu, set up a special supervision and arrest bureau in Lanzhou to suppress it with all its might. Zhao Xuepu and Bian Yongfu were sacrificed in the middle of the uprising, and Hu Dengyun's soldiers were defeated and killed in Tianshui, but in the end, because they were outnumbered, things did not work out. Zheng Ruiqing, Qin Zhongyue, Yang Can, Bian Zhenqing, and others were arrested and all released to Gansu No. 1 Prison, where they were later sentenced to life imprisonment by the Military Justice Department of the War Department.
After the liberation of Lanzhou, the Military Control Commission issued a proclamation of "An Zi No. 1"
In 1947, in accordance with the instructions of the Ministry of Justice and Administration of the National Government, the "Gansu First Prison" was renamed "Gansu Gaolan Prison". After the liberation of Lanzhou, the people's government took over the prison, and in November a new type of Lanzhou prison was officially established, with Li Zhengliang as the warden and Guo Hai as the deputy warden. At the same time, the first detention center in Xinlanzhou, the Municipal Public Security Bureau Detention Center, was established in the courtyard of the prison (in 1955, the prison was named "The First Prison of Gansu Province" and then moved to Dashaping shortly thereafter).
After the liberation of Lanzhou, the Military Control Commission "An Zi No. 2" proclamation
The overall layout of this "Gaolan Prison" complex in Guangwumen is oriented in an east-west direction, with the city wall of Guangwumen at the east end and the gate at the west end opening on The Road of Confidence.
After entering the gate from west to east from No. 8 Confidence Road, there are two large gardens on the left and right, and it is more accurate to follow the middle road straight to the east end of the garden, facing a wall that stretches between the north and south, or called a wall. Walk along the wall to both ends, there is a gate opposite the north and south, after entering the door, turn around to the back of the wall is a building facing west and east, in front of the building in the northeast corner, the southeast corner has a toilet. After crossing the building and heading east to an intersection, the left gate is entered by the "detention prison", and the right gate is entered by the female prisoner. Continuing east along the central line, a "teaching room" like a small auditorium is located in the middle of the road, surrounded by a large courtyard, and there is a well between the north end of the teaching room and the north prison wall.
Some netizens once told: "Inside the east city wall of Guangwu Gate, probably in the area of the Forestry Department, there was once a large reservoir, there was a wall around the pool, there was a wooden fence door in the middle of the wall, and there was an old man guarding the door." Whoever wants water at home goes to the old man, and he takes the key to open the door for you. The reservoir was still there before the 1980s, and in the summer, the older male dolls in the neighborhood always sneaked over the wall to swim in the pool. According to the description of netizens, the water source of this large reservoir must be from this well in the prison.
Happy childhood
At the north and south ends of the eastern horizontal direction of the "Teaching Room", there is a gate that opens to the west, and the passage inside the door walks along the inside of the prison wall, which is called "South and North Road". Standing in the "more road", the prison situation is clear. The south wall is three-quarters of the way in a straight line, turning outward in an east-west rectangle, (where the "more road" has a clearing) and deviating from the straight line and turning north, and then east to the city wall. At the east corner of the "Gengdao" is the "South Gang House" in the courtyard of the prison, and to the east of the courtyard is the empty field, the "East Workshop" (the place where the prisoners work) and the "sick prisoner" sit east and west. The east and west sides of the "ward" are roads, the south side is a large rectangular empty field, and the north side of the prison wall is a "knife handle" shape that turns outward, and a large empty field is also formed inside the wall.
In the middle of the "Teaching Room" and the "East Workshop" is an octagonal watchtower, and there is a basketball court on each side of the road between the "Teaching Room" and the tower.
Model prison construction style
The tower radiates the cell building in five directions, called the Five WingEd Gate. Four of the diagonal channels are built in the same pattern, with one end connecting the tower and the other connected to the "lane". In the middle of the prison building is the passage, and on both sides are the number rooms.
Radiating to the northwest is the "Li" character supervisor; in the southwest direction is the "righteousness" character supervisor; in the southeast direction is the "honest" character supervisor; in the northeast direction is the "shame" character supervisor. On the north side, the "ritual" and "shame" characters imprison detention center prisoners and hold unresolved prisoners. The remaining three prison lanes are used for prisons and hold convicted prisoners.
There are 15 workshops on the north and south sides of the prison building backed by the "changing road", the east and west ends of the workshop and the corner of the cell are toilets, and the tower has a road leading to the workshop. Along the east side of the northeast head of the "shame" prison, there is a detention center "North Gang House". The tower radiates to the east, with door locks in the west third and the east end, and the east end of the gate is the activity place and the "East Workshop" outside. The "ward" behind the "East Factory", that is, the root of the east head city wall, is only connected with the "more road" between the north and the south.
In the early 1950s, from the prison of Guangwumen, a major case that caused a sensation in the whole country was also pulled out. Pulling out this big case was Li Yuechen, a foreign-duty criminal who was serving a prison sentence, whose hometown was Jixian County, Hebei Province, who ran to the police regiment of the Xinjiang Shengshicai Unit to mix with a small platoon leader, and then transferred to the Xinjiang Provincial Capital Police Station to serve as a patrol policeman. Before liberation, seeing that the situation was not good, he ran to Lanzhou and lived in anonymity in a private auto repair shop. As soon as Lanzhou was liberated, he was dragged out by the masses, and after investigation and evidence collection by the public security organs, he was sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment for counter-revolutionary crimes; after reform, he became a foreign servant for his positive performance, and every day under the leadership of the police, he drove a carriage to the Yellow River to pull water several times and buy some things by the way.
The Yellow River pulls domestic water
On this day, passing by the Asian cinema in the middle of Minguo Road (now Wudu Road), I was attracted by a familiar Northeastern dialect, and when I looked sideways, a familiar figure was checking tickets at the entrance of the cinema. But that marijuana face is really not the familiar person! Li Yuechen rushed back to the prison in a carriage step by step, and fought fiercely ideologically for several days, but still made a report to the correctional personnel after biting his teeth.
It's just too big!
After hearing this, the correctional personnel were really frightened and rushed to the higher-level organs to make a detailed report in person. A special task force composed of professionals and backbone forces was quickly established and carried out a secret investigation. It didn't take long for the case to come out, and it turned out that this cannabis ticket inspector was a cruel executioner, and the CPC deputies and senior cadres of our party, Chen Tanqiu, Mao Zemin, Lin Jilu, and others, were all killed by him, committed heinous crimes in Xinjiang, and committed a heavy blood debt against our party!
In 1948, Lu Binglin, who had served as colonel of the Kuomintang army, director of the Dihua City Guard, chief of the Xinjiang Prison, chief of the provincial capital police station and commander of the Dihua Security Command, fled with two wives, one big and one small, and sneaked into Lanzhou from Zhangye, and then under the pseudonym Guan Xianzhi, bought a single-family courtyard in the back street of Guangwumen, and after living in it, he closed the gate and took the neighbor as a neighbor. I lived a secret life with my two wives. During this period, Lu Binglin let his wife fry peas, and he held the freshly out of the pot with a towel, hot peas, and after a burst of ghost crying wolf howl, he turned a delicately maintained face into self-harm and self-harm.
Old courtyard
After the liberation of Lanzhou, the streets were publicized and urged to turn themselves in every day to register, and the small courtyard was often patted to check the population, and the whole few people were scared every day, and the sneaky days could not be passed. Lu Binglin had the courage to go to the street to register for the recruitment examination, and after being hired, he became a ticket inspector at the Asian Cinema. Who would have thought that in Lanzhou, thousands of miles away, on the crowded, bustling and lively Republic of China Road, it could even be discovered by the small patrol officers under the Xinjiang Police Department who were in prison.
Less than half a month after liberation, more than 3,000 veteran police officers and former functionaries voluntarily surrendered to the public security organs of the Military Control Commission to register themselves
Lu Binglin's ending can be imagined, and the public security organs slipped out a string of "grasshoppers" lurking everywhere along the rope. Several executioners who had taken up key positions in the Xinjiang army, police, constitution, and special areas were arrested one by one.
On December 28, 1955, Lu Binglin, a counter-revolutionary imprisoned in Guangwumen Prison, was sentenced to death and executed by firing squad. The rest of the criminals, who were heavily indebted in blood, were also captured and executed in Zhangye, Wuwei, Urumqi, Liaoning and other places.
Images are for illustrative purposes only