In the history of the formation of ancient peoples, there are "homologous heterogeneous" (one source deriving different nationalities) and "homologous heterogeneity" (several different ethnic groups converge into one nation). Afghans are assimilated through different sources and belong to the latter.
The question of when the names Afghans and Afghanstan first appeared is an interesting and need-to-be-studied question. Many researchers regard the "Abo Jianguo" recorded in the Tang Dynasty Hui Liyan's "Biography of the Three Tibetan Masters of the Great Ci'en Monastery" as the basis for the earliest mentions of Afghans and Afghanstan. According to the biography, on his way back to China from India, Xuanzang "traveled south for 15 days from the Land of Blue Waves to the kingdom of Varana and paid homage to the holy relics." And northwest, to A bo Jianguo. And northwest, to the country of Cao. The "Records of the Western Regions of the Tang Dynasty" said about this trip, from Vala to "the northwest over the mountains, wading through the Guangchuan River, and traveling more than 2,000 miles through small cities." Out of the Tang Dynasty, to the Cao Ji Kingdom. The narrative is very simple, and there is no mention of "A Bo Jian Guo". The kingdom of Cao, i.e. ancient Arachosia, today's Ghazni and Kandahar regions. Varana, in present-day Banun on the banks of the Qom River (in Pakistan). Some commentators have pointed out that the order and direction of going to Varana are quite puzzling compared with the actual geographical location.
However, the "Abo Jianguo" is likely to be the lofty mountains and vast valleys of the Suleiman Mountains that Xuanzang crossed before he arrived in Arajosia, and it was in this area that the Tang clans lived.
According to the 10th-11th century AD, Indian scholars believe that ancient India referred to Afghanistan as "Apaga", which is very close to the pronunciation of "Abojian". In the third century AD, the early inscriptions of the Sassanid Persian Dynasty (c. 224-651 AD) referred to the Afghans by the name "Abgan". This question, while questionable, can be used as a reference. More accepted is the account of the Indian astronomer Wallahmihre in the sixth century AD. In his astrological work Brihat Samsita, he wrote in his astrological work, "....· Under the influence of Kethu (Comet) [Lying ... The Montagnards, the Bahrev, the White Huns, the Choras, the AwaHans, the Pstens, the Qins, [as well as the rich, the greedy, the resolute and energetic....] The ridge of the comet is touched by a meteor, which is beneficial to the comet; The more advantageous (comet) is the comet that can summon rain; However, it was unfavorable to the Chora, Awa Khan, White Huns and Tang. "
In the English translation of Brihat Samhita, Cohen translated "Awa Khan" into Afghan. According to Aerman, the "Tang" refers to the Chinese or Tibetan, Himalayan, and mountain tribes, whose ethnic groups are in the vicinity of modern and Pakistan, so the "Awaju people" live in the territory of modern Afuzestan. From the above records, the Xuan class's trip to South Asia was 629-645 AD. His time in Gandhara (Peshawar Valley) was in 644 AD, more than twenty years before the first Arab invaders arrived in AL-Ahwar (Lahore). Probably in the early seventh century, different names of The Afghan people, such as "Apaga", "AbuYu", and "Awa Khan", circulated in the Suleimani district through which Xuanzang passed. The "Abo Jianguo" he got was associated with this name.
At the same time, Xuanzang wrote about the local people's feelings, environment and language when he talked about the people's feelings, environment and language in the Records of the Western Regions of the Tang Dynasty. It is also noteworthy. For example: "The dwellers are prosperous, and they belong to the Kingdom of Gabi." The land is mountainous and forested, and it is sown when the crops are harvested. The qi order is slightly cold, and the customs are fierce. Sexual violence, contempt, language less than Central India. In particular, the phrase "the language is less common with Central India", according to research, the state of Varana is the easternmost Pashto region where Iranian languages are spoken, and further east is the Western dialect of the Indian Aryan language. The "language of the Occidental Class" is what the Occult class calls "Language Lesser Than The Middle 1 India", which from a linguistic point of view shows that this area is a marginal area inhabited by Indians who speak Pashto and the Northwest dialect of Aryan. The Pashto-speaking region begins in the north-northerly region of Ferrarabad in the northeast, faces south to Kandahar, and faces west to Fara and Zapoleva. The Pashto language also spread to the northwestern frontier, from where it spread south through mount Suleiman as far as Kida. It was this area that Xuanzang passed through.
There is also the following record of the "Vasonna": "Smell the customs of the earth; From then on, the western part of the country made the country of Xinjiang and lived in the mountains. Kawabetsu is the lord, no maharajah, many sheep, horses. There are good horses, whose shape is great, whose kingdoms are of great kind, and whose neighbors are treasured. It is difficult to determine the location of the "country of The Frontier" mentioned here. However, the Xuan Communists listened to the accounts of the locals of the Varana kingdom and recorded the rumors truthfully, leaving posterity with a historical picture of the Afghans who had the characteristics of another leader of the nomadic tribes in the mountains, no kings, and sheep and horses.
The question of the national origin of Afghans is a very important but extremely difficult one. A complete and comprehensive documentation (including linguistic, archaeological, and anthropological) is needed to solve this problem, but this information is extremely scarce. Afghans are largely of the long-headed race. The europa inhabitants of this long-headed race have lived in southern Afghanistan since ancient times. Such human species have been unearthed in Bronze Age tombs found in Sistan. The short-headed Europa race is a Tajik inhabiting Afghanistan, but no paleoanthropological material has been found in northern Bactria (Bactria). However, the Kakar and Tallinns of the southern Afghan tribes are short-headed peoples with characteristics close to the anthropological type commonly found by the Baloch. Among many Afghan tribes in the east, there are clear traces of mixing with North Indians. At the same time, the Gilchais clearly show the characteristics of the Mongols. These few anthropological sources attest to the diversity of Afghan tribal body types.