#文化新经济笔录 #
Morgan's three periods of human history are: the Period of Obscurity, the Period of Barbarism, and the Period of Civilization.
The following are divided into areas of thought:
Vico's division is: the age of gods, the age of heroes, and the age of mortals
Kant's division is infancy, youth, and adulthood;
Hegel's divisions are the Era of Eastern National Superiority (Eastern Age), the Mediterranean Age of National Superiority (Western Era), and the Northern Era of National Superiority (Germanic Age).
Comte's division is: theological stage, the metaphysical stage, and the scientific stage
The three periods divided from ideological change are: the ancient Greek-pre-Qin period (the initialization of the Eastern and Western ideological systems), the fifteenth century to the Second World War period (Renaissance, Enlightenment and Reformation), and the post-war present (modern and postmodern ideological trends, the Internet age).
If the era is divided by technological change, it can be divided into: Stone Age, Bronze and Iron Age, Industrial and Technological Age (counting from the first Industrial Revolution).
The division of technological society is also as follows: fishing and hunting society period (primitive era), agricultural society period, industrial society period, information society period
The economic form is divided (the three major historical forms of The Horse): the natural economy period, the capitalist market economy period, the socialist market economy and the knowledge economy period
The three major social forms of Marx's human history are feudal society, capitalist society and socialist society.
Historians from various countries have many ways of dividing historical periods, for example
1. Primitive society, slave society, feudal society, capitalist society, socialist society. ：
2. Mythical Era, Legendary Age, Semi-Faith History Era, And Faith History Era (divided by the credibility and verifiability of historical data)
3. Prehistoric era, classical civilization era, medieval civilization era, globalization era
4, ancient, ancient, medieval, modern, modern (I will not write the specific signs) depends on what angle to speak.
Most people know that Morgan's division is: the Mongol period, the ancient period, and the civilization period
If the era is divided by technological change, it can be divided into: Stone Age, Bronze and Iron Age, Industrial and Technological Age (counting from the first Industrial Revolution). The division of technological society is also as follows: fishing and hunting society period (primitive era), agricultural society period, industrial society period, information society period
The so-called material refers to a substance that has undergone some kind of processing, has a certain structure, composition and performance, and has a certain purpose. In practice, people divide materials into structural materials and functional materials according to their use. Structural materials are mainly used in various industrial sectors such as mechanical manufacturing, engineering construction, transportation and energy by using their strength, toughness, mechanics and thermodynamic properties. Functional materials mainly use their acoustic, optical, electrical, magnetic, thermal and other properties for many high-tech fields such as electronics, lasers, communications, energy and biological engineering. According to the classification of chemical composition, the material can be divided into metal materials, organic polymer materials, inorganic non-metallic materials and composite materials
The advent of a new material and its application will often lead to major changes in human society. Human history is thus divided into stone, bronze and iron ages. In the Paleolithic period of the gregarious caves, stone tools obtained through simple processing helped humans hunt, protect themselves and survive. With the improvement of stone tool processing and production level, primitive handicrafts such as pottery and textiles appeared, and people call this period the Neolithic Era.
The Bronze Age began about 4,000 to 5,000 years ago. Bronze is an alloy composed of copper, tin, aluminum and other elements, compared with pure copper, bronze has a low melting point, high hardness, and is easier to make and durable than stone tools. Bronze greatly contributed to the development of agriculture and handicrafts. The Iron Age is thought to have begun
More than 2,000 years ago, during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, agricultural tools, hand tools and various weapons made of iron were widely used, which greatly promoted the development of society at that time. The emergence and wide application of steel, cement and other materials have enabled human society to begin to enter the industrial society from the agricultural and handicraft society.
In the 20th century, the emergence and wide application of semiconductor silicon and highly integrated chips pushed mankind from industrial society to information and knowledge society. Based on the role of materials on social development, people have proposed the concept of information. Energy, materials and information are juxtaposed as the three pillars of modern civilization and life, and materials are the basis of energy and information.
It has gone through four stages, namely primitive social civilization, agricultural civilization, industrial social civilization and ecological civilization.
1. Primitive social civilization
Primitive civilizations are development systems that are fully under the control of nature. Human life depends entirely on the gift of nature, hunting and gathering is the main activity of the development system, but also the most important production labor, the result of experience accumulation: stone tools, bows and arrows, fire are important inventions of primitive civilization.
2. Agricultural civilization
From the primitive civilization to the agricultural civilization, scientific and technological achievements began to appear: bronze, iron, pottery, writing, papermaking, printing and so on. The main productive activities are farming and animal husbandry, and by creating the right conditions for the species they need to grow and reproduce, humans no longer rely on the ready food provided by nature.
3. Industrial civilization
Industrial civilization is an era in which mankind has achieved unprecedented victory in controlling and transforming nature by using the weapons of science and technology. Steam engines, electric motors, computers and nuclear reactors, each scientific and technological revolution has created a new monument to "human nature" and armed agriculture with industry.
4. Ecological civilization
Ecological civilization is a social system in which human beings and nature will achieve coordinated development. Ecological civilization is the fourth stage of civilization in "social memory", a civilization built on the basis of highly developed knowledge, education and science and technology, emphasizing that the natural world is the cornerstone of human survival and development, and clarifying that human society must interact and develop together with the natural world on the basis of ecology, so that human economy and society can continue to develop.
Extended Materials:
The world background proposed by ecological civilization:
Marked by the three World Summits of the United Nations, the world's understanding of the relationship between environment and development can be summarized into four models in three phases. Understanding these stages and the evolution of ideas and policies can provide an in-depth understanding of China's environmental and development issues and the international significance of the five-in-one and ecological civilization concepts proposed by the 18th National Congress.
The history of the past 50 years can be divided into three stages, the stage of environmental issues being raised in 1962-1972, the stage of sustainable development and the three pillars of 1972-1992, and the stage of green economy and global environmental governance in 1992-2012.
The central idea that has run through the evolution of theories and policies over the past 50 years is the emphasis on the decoupling of economic and social development from the depletion of resources and the environment.
The theoretical and policy models thus deepened can be summarized into four.
(1) A two-dimensional model of environment and development, emphasizing the economic and social development that can be supported by resources and environment.
(2) The three pillar model of sustainable development emphasizes that development needs to pay attention to the three benefits of economy, society and environment.
(3) The tetrahedral model of the green economy emphasizes that green development requires cooperative governance by stakeholders such as government, enterprises and society.
(4) The three-level model of development quality emphasizes that good development should pay attention to the utilization of capital industry in four aspects.
The history of human civilization can be divided into "ape people", "ancients" and "new people" according to the order of human physique and cultural development.
According to the productive forces, it is divided into primitive civilization, agricultural civilization, industrial civilization, and ecological civilization.
Human society, from the theocracy to the capital society, from the official-based society to the people-oriented human-oriented society, has experienced three industrial revolutions and will enter the post-industrial era of earth civilization.
1. Primitive social civilization:
Human life depends entirely on the gift of nature, hunting and gathering is the main activity of the development system, but also the most important production labor, the result of experience accumulation.
2. Industrial social civilization:
The sustainable development activities of industrial civilization are mainly manifested in the material activities of conquering nature, at this time, there has been an unprecedented crisis in ecology, resources, population and other issues, which has become an important functional factor of the sustainable development system.
3. Ecological civilization:
The co-evolution of human beings and the living environment is ecological civilization, which is no longer a pure development system, but a harmonious development of the social system.
Human civilization can be divided into two kinds, one is universal and the other is regional or national.
Human civilization in today's world can be divided into three worlds. The first place in the first world is the modern civilization of the West, the second place in the first world is the Islamic civilization, and the third place in the first world is the Chinese civilization.
According to the degree of development of civilization, the academic community ranks the four countries of China, India, Egypt and Babylon in the first place, known as the "four ancient civilizations".
Science and technology is the fundamental driving force for the progress of human civilization. Every progress in science and technology is for people to reach a new level of understanding of the world, to achieve a new leap in their ability to transform the world, and to raise economic, social, and human civilization to a new level.
Reference source: Baidu Encyclopedia - Human Civilization
[What are the three stages of the progress of human society] ______ depends on what angle it is from. Most people know Morgan's division is: the three periods of the Mengxiao period, the ancient period, and the civilization period from ideological change are: the ancient Greek-pre-Qin period (the initialization of the Eastern and Western ideological systems), the fifteenth century to the Second World War period (Renaissance, enlightenment and religious reformation), and the post-war period to the present (modern and postmodern ideological trends, the Internet age). The division of technological society forms is also as follows: the period of fishing and hunting society (primitive era), the period of agricultural society, the period of industrial society, and the period of information society (the three historical forms of horses): the natural economy period, the capitalist market economy period, the socialist market economy and the knowledge economy period
______ 1. The three periods divided from ideological change are: the ancient Greek-pre-Qin period (the initialization of the Eastern and Western ideological systems), the fifteenth century to the Second World War period (Renaissance, enlightenment and religious reformation), and the post-war period to the present (modern and postmodern ideological trends, the Internet age).
2, the division of the era by technological change can be divided into: Stone Age, Bronze...
Generally speaking, the course of human social progress is divided into three epochs? ______ The so-called material refers to a substance that has undergone some kind of processing, has a certain structure, composition and properties, and has a certain use. In practice, people divide materials into structural materials and functional materials according to their use. Structural materials are mainly used in mechanical manufacturing, engineering construction, transportation and...
The evolutionary process of human beings can be divided into four stages: (1) Early ape-man stage: living about 3 million to 1.5 million years ago, it has the basic characteristics of humans, can walk upright, and make simple gravel tools. (ii) Late ape-man order...
The development of the human economy can be roughly divided into three stages, namely, agriculture, industry and the era of knowledge economy. In the first stage, the key to economic development is productivity; In the second stage of economic development depends mainly on advanced productive forces; In the third stage, the crucial lever that drives economic development is scientific social productivity.
If we divide the development of human society into three stages and refer to them separately by the familiar hell, purgatory, and heaven, these three stages should be as follows: _______ Capitalists own large quantities of means of production. Peasants subsist by cultivating state-owned land and have their own means of production; Workers have no means of production and can only be employed by ...
What are the three stages of human historical development._______ The history of human beings has been examined for about 7,000 years, and historians have divided it into several stages - primitive society, slave society, feudal society, capitalist society, etc. It is mainly based on the different characteristics of its economic system. Early human choices to live in groups, presumably primarily for...
With the continuous development of human society, the concept of production is also constantly evolving, which can generally be divided into three stages?_______ is divided into natural production stage, market production stage, utility production stage.