Our country is a big family of multi-ethnic people living together, and each ethnic group has unique living habits and cultural customs, and it is precisely because of the diversity of customs and cultures that it constitutes a rich and colorful Chinese national culture.
Today I want to talk about a little brother in our big national family.
When it comes to the Hezhe people, many people may not understand, or even do not know. But when it comes to a folk song, most people must know it.
The water of the Ussuri River is long and long, the water of the basket is wavy, the Hezhe people spread a thousand nets, and the boats are full of fish
"Ussuri Boat Song", yes, this song, this song is adapted by the composer based on the folk songs of the Hezhe people, and has been sung all over the motherland, north and south, and the wind has swept the whole country.
This song reflects the daily life scene of the Hezhe people, is not very beautiful.
The Hezhe are one of the least populous ethnic groups in our country, and there are about 5,000 people today. The population is small, but the history of this nation is very long, with a history of more than three thousand years. In ancient times, it was called SuShen and in the Tang Dynasty, it was called Heishui Jingxiao. You probably don't even understand. Older people still remember the commentary "Yue Fei's Biography". At that time, the Song army led by Yue Fei was fighting against the ancestors of the Hezhe tribe. At that time, the Hezhe clan was part of the Jurchen clan, called the BlackWater Jurchen, also known as the Wild Jurchen. The place where the two emperors of the Song Dynasty, Wei Qin, who were captured at that time, "sat in a well and watched the sky" was in the west of the county town of Yilan County, Heilongjiang Province, where the ancestors of the Hezhe people once lived.
Having said that, how the people who were once strong in history, brave in war, and galloping across the north and south of the great river have become the least populous nation, this is a long story, to put it simply, after the integrated development of history, some of them have become other ethnic minorities in the northeast, and some of them have been assigned by the corrupt Qing government to Tsarist Russia at that time because of the dispute between the leaders between countries, and have become the Nanai people of today's Russia. The rest of the population has been greatly reduced because of disease, plague, war, and chaos, leaving only these thousands of people.
So how are the remaining thousands doing now?
When New China was founded, there were only a few hundred people left in the Hezhe ethnic group, and they were on the verge of extinction. Under the illumination of the party's ethnic policy, the Hezhe ethnic group directly crossed from a semi-primitive and semi-feudal society to a socialist society. Now the Hezhe people use machine boats for fishing, and their houses have become brick houses, and they have fished, planted land, developed tourism, and taken the lead in entering a well-off society, and living a beautiful life.
Each ethnic group has its own living habits and cultural customs, so what are the unique living habits and cultural customs of the Hezhe people?
catch fish.
The Hezhe people have lived in the Songhua River, Heilongjiang And Ussuri River basins for generations, which is the so-called Three Rivers River Basin. Fishing is the most basic mode of production of the Hezhe people. In the past, the fish resources in the Heilongjiang River Basin were very rich, with nearly 100 species of fish. Therefore, for thousands of years, the Hezhe people have taken fishing as a means of making a living, they have many ways of fishing, under the net, under the hook, block the light, in the era of abundant fish resources, no matter what way, to meet the basic life is more than enough.
Eat fish
Fish is the main food of the Hezhe people. The Hezhe people fish every day and eat fish every day. The way of eating fish is also very different from that of the Han brothers. Eating raw fish is their favorite way to eat fish. There are also many ways to eat raw fish. There are sashimi, raw fish, tarha, frozen fish shavings, etc., all of which are eaten raw. Or add some salt noodles, or add some vinegar, or add some vegetables, no matter how you do it, the fish must be raw. Eat raw to eat the original fish flavor. The locals have a common saying, "Don't eat raw fish and go, Bai LaiHe go".
River water stewed river fish is also the original cuisine of the Hezhe people, that is, the freshly caught fish is cleaned up, put some salt and river onions, and add the water of Heilongjiang to stew. Without any seasoning, I eat fish with umami flavor. In addition, in order to preserve food in case of emergency, the Hezhe people make a lot of fish roe paste with sturgeon, sturgeon and salmon, which is eaten in winter. Fried fish feathers are also one of the methods of storing food for the Hezhe people. In short, there are many ways for the Hezhe people to eat fish, and they have the opportunity to come to Hexiang to taste it.
Wear fish skin
As the saying goes, one side feeds the other. In the past, the production method of the Hezhe people was backward, and being able to wear clothes and heat protection was a big problem that needed to be solved. The wise Hezhe have their own way. They used the fish they caught to peel off the skin, and after drying, processing, cutting, sewing, and made a piece of exquisite fish skin clothing. It is precisely because the Hezhe people wore fishskin clothes in history that they are called "fishskin departments" in the history books.
This traditional skill of the Hezhe people is unique among all ethnic groups in China, and the fishskin coat has become the iconic cultural symbol of the Hezhe ethnic group. Not only do our people feel very magical, but foreigners are also very interested. Therefore, fishskin clothes have been exhibited at national costume festivals at home and abroad for many times.
The Hezhe people, who historically believed in animism, and like other ethnic minorities in the northeast, believed in shamanism to predict auspiciousness and eliminate disasters and diseases, it has now been sorted out and turned into an artistic expression.
The Hezhe people have a variety of artistic expressions such as Hu Li and Marrying Lingkuo, the most famous of which is the rap art of the Hezhe people, "Imakan". It reflects history in rap, war, love, etc., and has been included in the list of world precious historical and cultural heritage protection by UNESCO.
Having said all this, you have some understanding of the Hezhe people. Welcome to the opportunity to visit Hezhe's hometown and feel it for yourself.