They are one of the peoples with a long history in China
Their ancestors in the 3rd century BC
It already lives in the upper yenisei river region
In the long river of history
Their ancestors defended the territorial integrity of the motherland many times
Manas, one of the three epics of China's ethnic minorities
Tell their story
Today Xiaobian will share with you
Let's talk about the Stories that belong to the Kyrgyz people
The historical transformation of the Kyrgyz people
The history of the Kyrgyz people dates back two thousand years. The Chronicle of the Huns is the first to record the ancestors of the Kyrgyz people. Around the end of the 3rd century BC, the ancestors of Kyrgyz already lived in the upper reaches of the Yenisei River in the north of China. In the Chinese historical texts, it is called "Mane Kun" and "Jian Kun". After all dynasties and generations, the clan name has also been constantly changed.
In the Qing Dynasty, it was "Brut". In 1759, in the process of quelling the Rebellion of The Great and the Great, the leader of the Brut Shibuchak tribe, Achimubi, led an army to attack the Kashgar controlled by the Size and the Zhuo, and played a leading role.
In 1856, Tsarist Russia invaded the Issyk-Kul region and was met with resolute resistance from the Kyrgyz people.
In 1865 the Kyrgyz people held an armed struggle against the invasion of the Agubai bandits.
In 1877, in the process of the Qing army recovering the lost land, it was closely coordinated by the Kyrgyz people.
In 1895, Britain and Russia colluded with each other to privately divide the Pamir region behind the backs of the Chinese government, and the Kyrgyz and Tajiks in the area organized the "Suiyuan Hui Brigade" and waged an indomitable struggle for this purpose.
The Kyrgyz roll out felts
After 1937, Ishak Bek, an advanced Element of the Kyrgyz ethnic group influenced by the October Revolution of the Soviet Union, led his troops into Kashgar and undertook the task of garrisoning border areas from the Karakoram to the Pamir Plateau, maintaining the unity of the motherland and the tranquility of the border.
In 1949, the Kyrgyz people, together with the people of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang, ushered in the peaceful liberation of Xinjiang.
Artistic contributions of the Kyrgyz people
The meaning of the family name
"Kyrgyz" is the self-designation of the nation, and it is also the name of other peoples.
There are many different interpretations of the meaning of "Kyrgyz". One says it is the plural of forty, which can be interpreted as forty tribes; the other says it is "nomad in the mountains", and there are also "Oghuz people in the mountains", "people by mountains and rivers", and "steppe people".
The language of the Kyrgyz people
The Kyrgyz have their own language, and the Kyrgyz language belongs to the Altaic Turkic language family of the Eastern Hungarian branch of the Kepuchak language group. The hieroglyph "Orkhon-Yenisei script", created by the ancient Kirgiz people in the 2nd century BC, has now been lost.
Hieroglyph "Orkhon-Yenisei"
The Kyrgyz people, who migrated to the Tian Shan and Pamir Plateaus around the 13th century, began to use the Chagatai script. Around 1930, the Kyrgyz people in the Soviet Union began to use Cyrillic to this day.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the Kyrgyz people in the territory used the new Kyrgyz script based on the Chagatai script and reformed and spelled with the Latin alphabet.
Musical dance of the Kyrgyz people
The folk music and musical instruments of the Kyrgyz people are one of the most precious national cultural heritages. Among the instruments circulating in folklore are "Kumzi", "Ozi Kumzi", "Kyjac", "Qiu Wuer", "Oh Na", "Dohule" (tambourine), "Bath" (cymbals), "Bondaru" and so on.
Produced by the Kyrgyz Kumzi
The most important and popular instrument used in performances is the "Kumzi". There are many types of "Kumzi" pianos, up to seven or eight. The oldest is a three-stringed plucked violin made of wooden monger.
It was used both to play folk music and to play war marches with war drums called "Dohulebas" to boost morale on the battlefield.
In the Tang Dynasty, the ancestors of the Kyrgyz tribe once offered this musical instrument as a tribute to the Tang Dynasty. Subsequently, the Tang Dynasty gave it to the Japanese state as a Tang musical instrument. In the 13th century, when Genghis Khan went west, he spread this instrument to Badak Mountain, Kashmir, Central Asia, Persia, Arabia and other places. It can be considered that this is a major contribution of the Kyrgyz people to the treasure house of Chinese and world music.
The Kyrgyz call the dance "Biyi", and the content reflects the production and living conditions of animal husbandry, agriculture, handicrafts, hunting and so on. Among them, dances that reflect pastoral production and life are the most common.
Kyrgyz dance has a variety of forms such as single dance, double dance, group dance, male and female pair dance and joint dance, which are lively and fierce, rhythmic and very close to life.
Epic Manas
The Kyrgyz epic "Manas", which has been sung for thousands of years, is one of the three major epics in China, and is a heroic epic with a grand scale and wide circulation, which enjoys a high reputation at home and abroad.
Kyrgyz women.d.
In September 2009, Manas was inscribed on UNESCO's Representative List of World Intangible Heritage. The 236,000-line epic depicts various aspects of Kyrgyz society and is an encyclopedia of Kyrgyz language, history, religion, culture, politics, economics, philosophy, aesthetics, military, medicine, and customs.
Its main content is that Manas and his descendants led the Kyrgyz people in their struggle against foreign aggression, expressed the people's desire for freedom and peaceful life, and praised the spirit of patriotism and heroism.
Folk culture of the Kyrgyz people
Eating habits
The Kyrgyz people have three meals a day, in addition to breakfast for bread and tea or milk tea, Chinese food and dinner are mostly based on pasta, horses, cattle, and mutton; in agricultural areas, grain is the main food, but meat still accounts for a large proportion.
There are not many daily vegetables, there are many varieties, only potatoes, cabbage, onions are more common, and rarely with meat into dishes. Many meats are mainly made into hand-grabbed lamb and roast meat (Tasi halak). Secondly, most of them are made into unique lung irrigation, enemas, fried meat, broth and so on.
The Kyrgyz roast whole sheep
Milk and dairy products occupy an important place in the daily life of the Kyrgyz people, the most common of which are mare's milk, milk and milk skins, cream, yogurt (strong and thin yogurt) and so on. Usually, it is drunk with a drink made of barley, wheat or millet fermentation, and the Kirgiz people drink tea, boiling it with milk and salt.
Milk skin mille-feuille scone
Kyrgyz cuisine "Jubuga"
Sour cheese
Spore wine
The Kyrgyz people are generally not allowed to speak loudly or laugh when eating, but they can talk and laugh when drinking. The host and the accompanying guests held the wine in their hands, smiled and bowed and sang a toast to the guests, who stood and drank the wine. If you are not able to drink, you must sing a song to turn the bowl to others to drink.
Kyrgyz costumes
The Kyrgyz are a traditional pastoral people, and the fur and wool of livestock are their main raw materials for clothing. Clothing styles, men are mainly robe-style, and women are mostly dressed in skirts. The Kyrgyz love red, followed by white and blue.
The Kyrgyz people often wear a white felt hat made of wool felt all year round, which is the most distinctive symbol of the Kyrgyz people from the clothing, and the Kyrgyz people cherish it very much and worship it as a "holy hat". When you don't use it on weekdays, hang it on a high place or put it on a futon, pillow, etc., and you can't throw it casually, let alone stomp it with your feet, and you can't use it to joke.
There are also strict differences in style and color between the hats of Kyrgyz men and women. The hat worn by Kyrgyz men is called the "Kalekpat Hat", which is divided into three types: black felt hat, white felt hat and tied flower cloth hat.
Unmarried women of Kyrgyz generally wear small flower hats with red gold velvet domes, or large red dome hats with beads, tassels, and feathers made of otter and marmot skin.
Kyrgyz falconry custom
The eagle is a fierce bird, untamed, but there is a people who can tame the eagle, the Kyrgyz people. The Kyrgyz people have retained thousands of years of eagle taming, and The Kyrgyz herders regard falconry as a member of the family. In ancient times, people tamed fierce eagles to hunt for themselves, and a good falcon could feed a family.
The Kyrgyz and the eagles have a covenant: they never nest this precious bird of prey, but always quietly take the most beloved young eagle home and domesticate it, and when the eagle is seven or eight years old, they will return to nature and regain their freedom.
On May 23, 2011, the Kyrgyz custom of falconry was approved by the State Council to be included in the third batch of national intangible cultural heritage list.
Today's Kyrgyz
Today, the majority of the Kyrgyz people live in the Kyzyl-Su Kirgiz Autonomous Oblast. As of 2017, the total population of Kyzyl-Su-Kirgiz Autonomous Oblast is 620591, of which 162774 are Kyrgyz.
Kezhou, which has two national first-class ports of Turgat and Irkeshtan, is the core gateway for the motherland to open to the west.
Turgat, in the Kyrgyz language means "jujube red Daban", this port has a history of a hundred years, since 1881, Turgat port officially trade with Russia, in 1950 officially opened to the former Soviet Union, december 23, 1983 the port resumed customs clearance, is the State Council approved by Xinjiang one of the first three ports open to the outside world.
In 2016, the annual cargo volume of turgat port was nearly 400,000 tons, and the market value reached 2.3 billion US dollars, ranking third in the land port of Xinjiang and first in southern Xinjiang.
Irkeshtan, Kyrgyz, means the house of Ilkish (personal name). National first-class land port. It is also the westernmost border port in China, with a long history of trade.
It was officially opened to the public in May 2002. It has become an important channel for road transportation in China, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and other countries. Driven by the "Belt and Road", the Irkeshtan port will also stand at the head of the times with a new attitude.
In the early days of its founding, Kezhou was constrained by many factors such as the natural environment, transportation conditions, science and technology, and social conditions, and its economic foundation was weak, the level of development of productive forces was low, its social outlook was backward, and its people lived in poverty.
Now the city of Artusz
Present-day Aktau County
Present-day Ahachi County
Now Ucha County
It is worth mentioning that the Kyrgyz compatriots living in the Uzbeli Pass of the "Western Pole" of the motherland have become the last people in China to see the sunrise and finally send away the sunset.
The "Belt and Road" has helped Xinjiang's port economy take off
The "three major bases" of metal mining and smelting, clean energy and new building materials are under construction
There is 1 national industrial park and 3 autonomous region-level industrial parks
In 2016, a total of 302,000 mu of artificial afforestation, 99,600 mu of enclosure, and 4.784 million mu of grassland fence were completed, and ecological Kezhou was formed.
In 2016, a total investment of 45.83 billion yuan was made, and 944 infrastructure projects such as water conservancy, transportation and energy were implemented, and the appearance of the city was significantly improved.
In 2017, the total import and export volume of Kezhou's foreign trade in the first three quarters was 288 million US dollars, an increase of 20.6% year-on-year.
The special geographical location and important strategic position allow Kezhou to play a pivotal role in the construction of the Silk Road Economic Belt. The "Belt and Road" has strung together Xinjiang's port economy and will also radiate a broader international market.
The Kyrgyz-inhabited state is no longer what it once was
They have guarded this land for thousands of years
And to create a splendid and colorful national culture
The future of Croatia cannot be ignored
The Kyrgyz will also be in this magical land
Continue to write their legend!