Fur processing is a general term for fur cooked and cut. According to historical records, before liberation, fur products ranked first among the "six major" specialties in Gansu. At that time, Tianshui, where the industrial economy was not yet developed, was a larger industry. Before liberation, the main distribution centers for fur products in the Tianshui area were in Zhangchuan and Tianshui (present-day Qincheng District). Among them, Zhangchuan is a large fur market, and Longshan Town in Zhangchuan County is a famous distribution center for all kinds of skins in the country.
When the processing of Tianshui fur began, there is no exact text to be found. According to legend, in the late Tang Dynasty, it was introduced by the Hui people of Chang'an, Shaanxi, which shows its long history. The real rise of the Tianshui fur processing industry was in the early Qing Dynasty. At that time, the social economy was initially stable, Qinzhou as the throat fortress for exchanges between the interior and the west, "merchants and spokes, goods gathered", the commodity economy was unprecedentedly developed, driving the development of handicraft industry, both skin source, and the Tianshui fur processing industry with both skin source and processing technology flourished.
Influenced by the customs of life, the Hui people living in Zhangchuan County, with their ability to bear hardships and stand hard work and be good at business, have traveled long distances to the vast areas of Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia, Qing, and Sichuan provinces, purchasing cattle, sheep, dogs, foxes and other kinds of skins, transporting them to Zhangchuan for processing, and the fur industry is becoming more and more prosperous. In the early years of Guangxu, Zhangchuan County had formed a relatively large-scale fur market. There are as many as 18 local "Wansheng Leather Shop", "Desheng Leather Shop", "Xingsheng Leather Shop", "Juxingtang Leather Shop", etc., and there are three foreign commercial firms such as German merchant "Desi Stock Foreign Firm" and British business "Jusheng Gongyang Shop" ordering goods in Zhangjiachuan Zhazhuang. At that time, the number of bubble workshops was increasing, the level of technology was correspondingly improved, the production of leather clothes, leather mattress technology is exquisite, the quality is superior, exported to hubei three towns, Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Chongqing, Chengdu and other places, sales are very smooth.
Since the reform and opening up, the fur market in Zhangchuan County has been full of vitality and has seen unprecedented prosperity. In recent years, the number of fur traffickers in the county has reached more than 8480 households, 89 fur purchase and sales warehouses, more than 7.2 million pieces of various skins listed annually, and the annual market volume of wool, cashmere and cow down has reached about 800 tons. There are more than 40,000 people engaged in the fur industry in the county, and the annual fur turnover reaches 127 million yuan, accounting for 30.5% of the county's fiscal revenue. As the fur industry of the five pillar industries of the county, it has been able to produce 13 kinds of color leather, more than 50 kinds of fur clothing and various types of leather goods, and the products sell well throughout the country, and some products have entered the international market. Moreover, the fur specialty market has formed a scale in the county. The fur professional market, represented by the Yongsan Fur Market, has become a well-known fur distribution center.
Located in the western part of Zhangjiachuan Hui Autonomous County, Longshan Town Fur Market covers an area of 26,680 square meters, with a construction area of 13,215 square meters, which can accommodate 550 stalls, and has an annual listing of 3.4 million pieces of various skins, 600 tons of cashmere and wool, with a turnover of 72.3 million yuan, 25,000 pieces of leather sheets listed per set, and 18,000 pieces of transactions. In addition to bulk cattle and sheep skins, there are a large number of donkey skins, rabbit skins, dog skins and various miscellaneous skins totaling 23 varieties, including raw skins, cooked skins and processed finished and semi-finished products. The market is both wholesale and retail, and both spot and futures trading are available. The fur market is one of the top ten farmers' markets in Gansu, a transit station for the flow of fur resources from the northwest to the central and eastern regions of China, and has become the second largest fur professional market in China.
The leather plate of Zhang Chuan fur is soft, light and warm, the hair head is flexible, the color is bright, the beauty is generous, the nature is appropriate, the quality is excellent, and there is no odor. Fur processing is concentrated from March to August. The main process is divided into two aspects: rolling and case. That is, raw skin is cooked to make fur, and fur is cut into various clothing skin tubes, mattresses, etc. The process of making raw hides and filling skins is the main process of fur processing, and it is also a key process. The main excipients used in fur processing are yellow rice and leather nitrate. More than a dozen processes such as skin selection, peeling, peeling, peeling, entering the cylinder (that is, stepping on the skin), cooked skin, shoveling skin, drying skin, peeling, nailing, matching, doing, ashing, exhibition, printing and so on can be completed.
In recent years, we have continuously carried out technological innovations, and changed the original grain and skin and nitrate ingredients to alum ripening, which not only improves product quality, but also reduces costs. The skin cooked with this method is not only soft and firm, but also resistant to insects and moths and easy to preserve.
Li Ziweiwen;
Wang Xiaojun edited the picture.