Impression of Jinnan
An ageless tree in the midst of a thousand years of wind and rain
You came by my ancestors
The tree that does not disperse the soul of the heavens
Your roots are our common family tree
Tears rained down on the dew
Fallen leaves are history books
The big locust tree is a book in the blood
Your shade covers ninety thousand miles of hot soil
A tree that does not fall in the wind and rain of a thousand years
Your name makes us cry
Nostalgic songs to find the way of dreams
Who shouts in the years to keep the roots
Ninety thousand miles of hot land
"During the Qingming Festival, it rains a lot, and pedestrians on the road want to break their souls." Chant softly, faint sorrow. It's tomb sweeping day again, which is the saddest festival of my year...
The car traveled on the highway at the top of Taihang Mountain, I had a heavy heart, thousands of thoughts, looking out of the window, the majestic and magnificent Taihang Mountain, deep ravines, crisscrossing, cliffs, layers of mountains, green grass, mountain flowers. Sometimes during the auspicious clouds, sometimes the clouds and mist drifting freely, and sometimes the peaks of the mountains meander, like a giant dragon lying on the ground between the two provinces of Jinyu and Henan. With its heroic momentum, Taihang Mountain witnessed the scene of the ancestors of the immigrants in the early Ming Dynasty who were not afraid of hardships and walked over the Taihang Mountain, witnessed the prosperity and prosperity of this land, and witnessed the spirit of the Chinese nation's tenacious struggle, pioneering and enterprising, and striving to move forward.
When the car passed through the Taihang Mountains and slowly drove into the territory of Hongdong, my happy mood along the way suddenly became solemn, because this was a special day and a special place. Looking at the flowers-filled graves in the fields in the distance, the tombstones peeled off by the wind and rain, the roads covered by flowers, and the towering residential buildings. At this moment, I was so excited that I just wanted to open my voice and shout, "Today I'm back again!" I have been walking this road to Hongdong's hometown to find my roots for 31 years! ”
Hongdong, your thickness is enough to support a piece of national history, your vastness is enough to cover ninety thousand miles of hot land, your name makes me tear up, and your roots must be our common family tree. The big locust tree you are not old in the thousand years of wind and rain, do not fall, from your side came my ancestors. You are my constant thoughts, you are the place where I dream night and night. When I call out your name in my choked throat, my heart is filled with the vicissitudes of time. Nostalgia sings of the road to dreams, who shout in the years to keep the roots. You are the land where my ancestors grew up six hundred years ago, and you are the place where my ancestors settled and lived. You are the color that is rooted in my heart, the home where I am with my dreams. The famous Taiwanese writer Bai Yang (formerly known as Guo Dingsheng, later renamed Guo Libang, and finally renamed guo Yidong) wrote in one of his books that the modern Huixian people, especially the residents of Changcun Guo, who live six kilometers northeast of the county seat, have all their memories dating back to the sad early years of the Ming Dynasty five hundred years ago, when military turmoil, drought, and locust plague made the people talk about their lives, and the hungry people nibbled away at the leaves, and even everything with chlorophyll on the earth, the earth was burning, the river dried up, and a scorched earth. In Hongdong County, Shanxi, a large family surnamed Guo was almost starved and wiped out, and in Order to survive, in Hongdong, under a large locust tree, fled eastward. Began a tragic and desolate journey, the middle of the toddler died prematurely, the elderly died, along the way to write a sad history of the migration of ancestors in Henan Hui County. They settled in Hui County, in the eastern foothills of the Taihang Mountains, and their descendants have been passed down to the present day. I, Bai Yang, am the descendant of this suffering ancestor.
Hongdong, which is an eternal land, bears witness to the rise and fall of dynasties, the cycle of fate, where the dreams of emperors are buried and the bones of ancestors are reclaimed. Here the oldest sighs of the ancestors can be heard, and this is the riverbed where life continues to flourish. This is also the battlefield of ancient conquests, where how many swords and light sword shadows have been experienced, how many wolf smoke on horseback have been witnessed; heroes draw their swords to chase the deer to the sky. The undulating mountain beams and terraced fields here gave birth to the people of the ancient locusts; the Yellow River here, with the power of mud and sand, punished the wanton monarchs and courtiers, and used the majesty of the imperial queen of the earth to hold this barren land for a thousand years. It has become the birthplace of the ancient civilization of the Chinese nation and is known as the "hometown of the Chinese".
Rolling red dust, prosperity has fallen, standing in the smoke of history, laughing at the vicissitudes of the sea and mulberry fields, the world has changed. Hongdong is named after the "Hongya" in the south of the city and the "ancient cave" in the north of the city, the Hongdong was the Yang Marquis state in the Western Zhou Dynasty, and after the unification of the Six Kingdoms of Qin, the county system was implemented, the Hongdong was Yang County, and sui Yining changed Yang County to Hongdong County in the second year, which has been passed down since the establishment of the county in the Sui Dynasty. The profound cultural heritage and historical accumulation have created the unique customs and customs of Hongdong and rich tourism resources. There are more than 250 cultural attractions and natural landscapes in Hongdong, from ancient myths and legends to clear written records, only half of the 26 ancient figures listed in the Dictionary of Chinese Celebrities can be found in Hongdong. Yao Wang visited Xian, Shun Geng Lishan, Empress Dowager Ying, Father Zhao, Xu You's ear washing, Shi Kuang Zhengyin, Shu Xiang He Poor, like a bereaved family, a good story from ancient times, which has been passed down to this day. The famous Chinese locust tree, the Guangsheng Temple Liuli Feihong Pagoda, one of the four famous pagodas in the country, and the only well-preserved Ming Dynasty prison in the country, are all gathered here. The original production tools such as stone casting and stone axes excavated from the Houcun site provide strong proof that there were human activities and multiplication in Hongdong as early as the Shang and Zhou Dynasties. It belongs to the Shangcun ruins of the late Shang Dynasty, the Fangdui ruins of the late Shang and early Zhou Dynasties, the ruins of Yongning Fort, and the ruins of the ancient city of Yanghouguo show the ancient civilization of the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, especially the early Zhou oracle bones excavated from Fangdui, which are the first early Zhou oracle bones found in China. It can be said that most of the history of Chinese civilization is condensed in Hongdong, where a handful of dirt can grasp the juice of ancient civilization, no wonder the story that happened in Hongdong, a sacred country, is endless and has a long history.
In the middle of the 14th century, the barbaric conquest and brutal rule of the rulers of the Yuan Dynasty greatly intensified class contradictions and ethnic contradictions, and rebellions broke out, Zhu Yuanzhang, in order to pacify the world, fought for many years, and natural disasters and man-made disasters caused the Central Plains to be red for thousands of miles, and the people were not happy. According to historical records, the people of Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Henan, Lu, Anhui, Suzhou and other places died ten times and nine times, and the white bones were exposed in the wild, and there was no chicken chirping for thousands of miles. The famine caused the famine and destroyed the living beings and devoured the Central Plains. When the tragedy of war was staged in turn in the Central Plains, the land of the Three Jins was a different scene, far away from the scourge of war, Shanxi's wind and rain were smooth, harvests were harvested year after year, people were prosperous, the economy was prosperous, and Shanxi was densely populated.
In the 56 years from the second year of Hongwu to the fifteenth year of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty, there are 41 years of migration records, and the number of migrations from Shanxi has reached as many as 18 times, with a population of nearly one million, and its momentum and scope are vast, which can be called ancient and modern. The geographical distribution of migrants reached 18 provinces and cities, more than 500 counties, involving more than 1230 surnames. Historical records record that on several occasions from Pingyang, Luzhou, Zezhou, Fenzhou and other places in Shanxi, in the middle of the migration procedures through the Big Locust Tree in Hongdong, after receiving "Chuan capital", emigranted to various places. These immigrants, like dandelions, continued to migrate, settled in the places of migration, multiplied and passed on the torch, and the surname culture was enriched and developed.
Since the middle and late Ming Dynasty, the descendants of immigrants from various places have moved south again and again in order to make a living, becoming Hakka people on the southeast coast and "Yun, Gui, Sichuan" and other places, and a large number of them have gone to Taiwan or emigrated overseas. According to the household registration survey in Taiwan, there are 100 surnames with more than 500 households in the survey data, of which 63 surnames have genealogical data showing that their ancestors are from Henan and Shandong. Statistics show that these 63 surnames totaled more than 670,000 households, accounting for 89.9% of the total number of households in Taiwan at that time. The people on both sides of the Taiwan Strait are linked by blood and have close contacts. In recent years, in the wave of searching for roots and ancestors, the descendants of immigrants in Taiwan are even more enthusiastic, and they come to the Hongdong locust tree to find roots and worship ancestors through various ways, and express their attachment and longing for their homeland through various ways. For more than 600 years, the descendants of immigrants have multiplied throughout the country and around the world. It can be said that where there are Chinese, there are descendants of the immigrants of the Hongdong locust tree.
The Hongdong locust tree is a lingering, eternal and unforgettable homeland name that lingers in the hearts of the descendants of immigrants. "Ask me where my ancestors are, the big locust tree in Hongdong, Shanxi. What is the name of the ancestral home? Old stork nest under the big locust tree". "The big locust tree in the folk song, surrounded by several trees and shaded by several acres, stands majestically on the east bank of the Fenhe River. According to legend, it was first planted in the Han Dynasty, so it was named "Han Huai". In the third year of Emperor Taizong's reign as emperor, Emperor Taizong of Tang built a Guangji Temple not far from the large locust tree, and incense was very popular. There is a kind of bird, called "stork", which feeds on the river beach stream, roosting riverside trees at night, and the large locust tree has become a natural home for storks on the Fenhe beach. Because Guangji Temple is located on Tongqu Avenue and is a famous post station since the Tang Dynasty, the Ming Dynasty government set up a bureau station at Guangji Temple to issue migration vouchers to immigrants, and the large locust tree became the "gathering place" for immigrants. The departure is usually after the autumn harvest, in order to accumulate more costs for settling down.
The autumn wind was cold, the autumn leaves were drifting, and the migrants set off from under the big locust tree, escorted by officers and soldiers, tied ropes, and dragged their children and daughters on the road. The homeland is difficult to give up, and the relatives are separated from each other from this day. After parting with their loved ones, they wanted to leave and return, and the immigrants frequently looked back, their tears blurred. The road is getting farther and farther away, and the hometown is getting farther and farther away from it, and the cottages are no longer visible, only the majestic locust trees and the old stork nests that are scattered on it. As a result, this large locust tree and the old stork nest have become the symbol of the hometown in the minds of immigrants, and have become the spiritual sustenance of millions of immigrants. As a result, the big locust tree in Hongdong has walked into the wind and rain of history, the vicissitudes of the years, and the memory of a nation with an unparalleled posture.
"The trees of the heavens will have their roots, and the waters of the mountains will have their sources." Searching for roots, returning to roots, and sacrificing ancestors are the historical traditions of the Chinese nation, and ancestral roots are the supreme and sacred land, and the search for roots and recognition fully demonstrates the centripetal force and cohesion of Chinese national culture. "Four generations in the same house, five generations in the same house", immigrant culture is the spiritual bond and cultural symbol of the inheritance of each surname family, and blood is a bond that cannot be blocked by any political force and ideology. Chinese's sense of root-seeking and strong demand for their own sense of belonging have promoted the attachment and identification of the descendants of the immigrants of the big locust tree at home and abroad to their hometown "home" and "roots". The descendants of the great locust tree immigrants have gone through several generations and more than a dozen generations, and most of them do not know where the village was before they were moved, but they all know that "the big locust tree is the hometown", which no one has ever forgotten.
At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, the immigrants in Hongdong adopted the proportion of "a family of four to stay one, a family of six to stay two, and a family of eight to stay three". Wu Han wrote in the "Biography of Zhu Yuanzhang": "When the order was first issued, the people's grievances boiled, and as for the rate, they called on the public to be ruthless. Fear is to be warned, and coercion is to be punished. "It was all carried out under the coercion of power politics. In the genealogy of a Liu surname in Cao County, Shandong Province, it is recorded that their ancestor was "One-Eared Grandfather", and one-eared Grandfather was an immigrant who had one ear cut off by officers and soldiers because he had escaped many times during the migration.
The immigration regulations also stipulate that those with the same surname and the same ancestry cannot move to the same place. However, the people who migrated to other places could not bear to separate their brotherhood and tried every means to keep their close relatives of the same clan together, and the most common method at that time was to change their original surnames. The "Tombstone of Dai Ma Tongzong" in Xiaohuailin Village, Yitong Er'an Town, Neihuang County, Henan Province, records that Dai Zilong and Ma Zicai were brothers, whose ancestral home was Hongdong County, Shanxi, and moved here during the Ming Hongwu period to reunite, and the brother changed his surname to Dai. After his death, the descendants of Dai and Ma built two tombs for him, known as the "Tomb of Dai Ma Tongzong".
The "Chen Shao Tomb Stele" on the south street of YitongJingdian Town, which is also in Neihuang, records that the surnames of Chen and Shao were ancestral in Hongdong County, and Ming Hongwu moved to Jingdian, and the brothers could not bear to be separated, so they belonged to two surnames, brother Chen Gang and brother Shao Fang, who were actually compatriots. Descendants erected Chen Shao's tombstone, indicating that the descendants Chen Shao were the same ancestors and the same ancestor, and should not forget the friendship of the same root. It is also Wenxinggu Village, Liucun Township, Neihuang County, and the surnames of Wang and Wen are also the same. According to the "Chronicle of Neihuang County", the ancestors of the two surnames of Wang and Wen were originally husband and wife, the male surname was Wang, the female surname was Wen, the ancestral home was Zaolin Village in Hongdong, Shanxi, and during the Ming Yongle years, they moved to Neihuang, had two sons, reunited with the Tu brothers, and one son changed his surname to his mother's Wen surname.
In Neihuang County, there are also Sun Xiaozhong village in Er'an Town, who migrated from Hongdong County, the ancestral surname is Sun, and the twins under the knee, because of the fear of the separation of the twins, have no choice but to change the second son to the surname of Chen to ensure family reunion, flesh and bones. Until liberation, the surnames of Sun and Chen in Er'an Town were not allowed to marry.
In addition, Liu Zhuang, the governor of Cao County, Shandong Province, recorded the origin of Wei and Liu Tongzong. According to the genealogy: "The people of Hongdong County, Pingyang Province, Shanxi Province, Shanxi, under the edict of the relocation of the people in the second year of the Ming Dynasty, have the terms in place, the laws are strict, and those with the same surname are not allowed to be in the same village." The two brothers of the first ancestor could not bear to temporarily leave the brotherhood, and had no choice but to change to two surnames, and the bronze Buddha was remembered, and the circulation is still more than 600 years old. The pair of the two surnames is unfathomable, and the trees and branches are basic, and Liu Wei's things are difficult to measure, and the waters and ten thousand sects are always the same; a book of scattered ten thousand and two surnames is enumerated and examined, and the ten thousand are attributed to one Liu Wei Datong Guan Hezong." Kao Xi Hongdong with the beginning of the sect, the testimony of the present Cao Yi divided surname transmission; the two surnames of the first judgment, the ancestor Zhaozhi has a generation, Liu Wei Zhaoji, the descendants of the descendants of the same lineage; the achievement of the genealogy, Liu Wei ancestors Chu Yude, the name is Yu Zong, the two surnames after the Kun Yong calendar. There is also a type of person who changes his surname because he was chased by officers and soldiers because of a mistake on the way to immigration. There is a village called Duozhuang in Zhangzhuang Township, Fan County, Henan, with more than 1,000 people, all surnamed Duo, the village is located on the west bank of the Yellow River, and the two villages surnamed Zhao (Zhao Ying Village and Zhao Hai Village) across the river continue a family tree. According to records, in the early Ming Dynasty, the three Zhao brothers who moved from Hongdong, Shanxi, were hunted down and killed by officers and soldiers, and Zhao Yi and Zhao Er fled to the other side of the river, where they lived separately and formed two villages surnamed Zhao, while Zhao San stayed on the west bank of the river, changed his surname to Duozhuang, and multiplied into today's Duozhuang. According to legend, he was originally a fugitive soldier surnamed Han, who was hunted down and killed by the government for some reason on the way to emigration in the early Ming Dynasty, and hid in a wheat field in a desperate situation. When the pursuers searched for him, they asked him if his surname was Han. The soldier surnamed Han saw the ear of wheat in the wheat field and called himself the ear of wheat, and Fang escaped the misfortune. Since then, it has been anonymized, and the sui surname has also been born. There are about 2,000 people with the surname Sui in the village. Genealogy probably began to be recorded from the Ming and Qing dynasties, and it is an extremely rare surname.
Nanzhuang Village, Dongzhuang Town, Neihuang County, Henan Province, surnamed Suga, offended the government when Hongdong immigrated in the early Ming Dynasty, in order to avoid the doom of the door being cursed, the clan fled, when the pursuing soldiers approached, the whole clan hid in the grass, before they could escape. Later, the clan changed to "Suga" as a surname, called Suga.
In the early years of Ming Hongwu, because the family did not want to separate their homeland and committed the crime of extermination, on the way to be chased and killed by officers and soldiers, they encountered the Shen family in a neighboring village that was moving east. The elder surnamed Shen also took the initiative to cover up, and he told the pursuing soldiers in a loud voice: "We are all family members surnamed Shen, and we are ordered to move east, so why are we chasing after them bitterly?" "The pursuing soldiers had no way to do anything for a while, and the family surname was spared the disaster of extinction, and it was changed to the surname of Shen. The migration monument of Huangzhuang Village in Yangcun Township, Nanle County, Henan Province, describes the evolution of the Huang surname in great detail. "The ancestor's former residence in Hongdong County was also surnamed Li. During the reign of Nai Yongle, he moved to Nanyi and changed his surname to Huang Heya. Thinking that in fact, Zu Da avoided it, and the change of names was not exempt from this battle, so those who moved to the village of The Eleventh Society of Yidong were surnamed Zhao, and those who moved to The Yixi Yishe Dongji Seven were also surnamed Zhao. However, my ancestor's surname is Huang, and he is the father who keeps the old scriptures and does not forget, and he has not returned to the heart of filial piety. The world or the other is not different. Since the ancestors of my ancestors moved, the tribes have been very numerous, and they have also moved to the village of Sujiazhuang in the east of Kaizhou City today's Huang Suzhuang, and those who have moved to The Zhang family in the north of Qingfeng, and those who have not been surnamed Huang are not from Li Ye. Therefore, inscribed on the stone forever, it shows that the ancestors' aspirations to remember the origin have not been polished throughout the ages. At that time, when the immigrants set out from the large locust tree in Hongdong, many people either folded the locust branches and brought them with them, or brought a handful of locust seeds. The feelings for the hometown and the nostalgia for the relatives are poured into this small locust branch. In order to express their longing for their homeland, they arrived at the new place of residence, and after settling down, they planted locust trees in the courtyard of their new residence, at the gate or next to the road, and laboriously watered and carefully cultivated. Whenever there is a New Year's festival, some people also offer offerings, burn incense, prostrate, and pray for the ancestors to bless the safety of the whole family. Some locust trees have dried up, and people are reluctant to cut them down. At present, many parts of our country, especially in some parts of Henan, Hebei, Shandong and other provinces, have retained this traditional habit. In the three villages of Lijiadi, Xiaoji, and Caijiayuan in Chengguan Town, Puyang County, Henan Province, there is a large ancient locust tree, which is a commemorative tree planted by the relocation of the large locust tree in Hongdong, Shanxi in the early Ming Dynasty. These three large locust trees date back more than 600 years. On the first, fifteenth and Chinese New Year's Eve of the Chinese New Year, villagers will come here one after another to burn incense and kneel and pray for peace. Bless the village, bless the children, and ask for blessings. The large locust tree is leafy and thick and tenacious, and it also symbolizes the stubborn and fearless character of the villagers of the three villages. There are two ancient locust trees in Ranzhuang, Qingyuan District, Baoding City, Hebei Province, according to legend, these two ancient locust trees were planted in the Ming Dynasty, it was when the immigrants from Hongdong, Shanxi Province, came to Qingyuan Ranzhuang, in order to express their homesickness, the seeds collected from the big locust tree in Hongdong County were planted at the head of the village, after hundreds of years of ups and downs, along with people's reproduction and gradually grew up, growing into a big tree that two people could not hold hand in hand, it pinned on the nostalgia of generations of immigrant descendants of their ancient hometown. Today, although this ancient locust tree has died, it has become a historical witness to the migration of the Ming Dynasty.
In the former Xiguan of Baoding City, Hebei Province, there was an ancient locust planted by Hongdong immigrants, and xie Dexian opened a pickle shop next to the ancient locust in the tenth year of the Qing Kangxi Dynasty, and named it "Old Locust Mao" in order to commemorate the ancient locust of the Hongdong immigrants and to ask for the blessing of the ancient locust. In the twenty-ninth year of Guangxu, Empress Dowager Cixi passed through Baoding, tasted the Huaimao pickles, and even claimed to be good, and gave her the name "Taiping Cuisine". Since then, Huaimao pickles have become famous in the world with the gifts of immigrants ancient locusts and empresses, and their value is a hundred times greater. The wall stele of the Yuan Family Ancestral Hall in Heze, Shandong Province, was once engraved with the poem of Homesickness of Yuan Zhengyi in the second year of Hongwu: "In the past, the Tartars were driven from Rong, and now the Tuntian Taihang East." Hongdong branch old mendi, Caozhou settled in the old home phoenix. Gugang planted three or five locusts, remembering the old feelings of Jinzhong's father. The legend of Lying Snow has been passed down through the ages, and after Kunxia Wei Sai Jinsong. The "Genealogy of the Zhao Clan" of Koudian Hanzhai Village in Yanshi County, Henan Province, says: The four brothers who immigrated from Hongdong were named "Jing, Ying, Huai, Xian", and "Xian" sounded as "township", which together is "operating HuaiXiang".
In the Suizhou area of Hubei Province, there is also such a folk song: "The mountains of Shanxi, the water of Shanxi, and the ancient locust of Shanxi are the townships." Big locust tree, big locust tree, big locust tree under we live. Double little toes, behind the hands, away from the Shanxi locust tree. Baby, you don't cry, there is a big locust tree in Shanxi. The ancestors have lived in Shanxi for generations, and the baby will go back when she grows up. In Nanyang, Henan Province, there is a song and ballad that reads: "Plant a large locust tree in front of the house, and do not forget the ancestors of Hongdong." The village locust trees are connected into pieces, proving that the same root and the same origin. In the spring, come to eat locust flowers, and the taste is delicious and beautiful. Shanxi customs take Nanyang, not forgetting that Hongdong is the hometown. "Ask where your hometown is, the big locust tree in Hongdong, Shanxi," is a proverb that spread among the descendants of early Ming immigrants on the outskirts of Beijing. According to the "Shunyi County Chronicle" "Shunyi Village Name Change" article record, the Red Copper Camp, formerly known as Hongdong Camp, the relocated people came here, in order to commemorate the hometown, to educate future generations, the village was named Hongdong Camp, later renamed "Red Copper Camp".
There are also quite a few legends from Hebei Zaoqiang. Zaoqiang should be a transit point for Hongdong immigrants. The southeast of Zaoqiang is Shandong Dezhou, which is the key to north-south traffic, known as "Jiuda Tongqu" and "Beijing-Tianjin Gateway". Hongdong immigrants entered the northern area of Jinan Province and Qingzhou Province, and it was more convenient to take the first line of Zaoqiang and Dezhou. The genealogy and genealogy of some Zaoqiang immigrants say that they were originally Hongdong people, who moved through Zaoqiang, such as Gengjia Village, Gengjia Village, Gengjia Town, Dongying City, Shandong Province, Geng shixiu, who moved from Hongdong to Zaoqiang in the second year of Ming Hongwu, and then moved to Gengjia Village, Gengjia Town, Kenli County in the same year. The "Genealogy of the Wu Clan" of Jingtang Village, Wuli Town, Qingzhou City, says that their ancestors, the three brothers of the Wu clan, moved from Ma'anchang, Zaoqiang County, the capital of Jizhou, and that the Wu clan said that they were actually Hongdong people, who first moved from Hongdong to Zaoqiang and then from Zaoqiang to Shandong.
At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, the same clan members among the immigrants of the Great Locust Tree in Hongdong, for fear that their descendants would not recognize each other, still identified each other with a kind of relic when they were separated. The "Genealogy of the Niu Family" in Shuishui Town, Xingyang County, Henan Province, says: "During the Yongle years, when Niu Chuan, the ancestor of the Niu surname, was ordered to move to Henan, because the eighteen members of his children could not move together, it was expected that the family would be difficult to reunite in the future, and they were afraid that their descendants would reproduce in the future, and they would not know each other' in the future. Don't hit the pot', that is, the surname of the side branch cattle. This interesting talk is still widely circulated in the cattle surnames of Yanshi, Wenxian, Neihuang and other counties today. ”
The inscription "Playing Pot Cattle" in Sanliuhe Village, Huangdongzhuang Town, Henan Province, records that the ancestor of the niu surname was originally from Hongdong County, Shanxi, who was relocated by Ming Hongwu, and the seven brothers came with them to the east, and the three who entered the Inner Huang Nationality, the Niuliuhe Village, the Niu Zhanggu Village, and the Niu Linzi Village, and the Qingfeng Nationality, the Niu Liqiao Village. Those who entered Huaxian County and Anyang met and talked in person but did not remember He Village in detail. When the breakup, sincerely afraid that there is no evidence of future meetings, so the rice pot is broken and divided into seven branches, and those who recognize this object know it as the proximate vein, and warn future generations to be cautious and pursue the far away. At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, the great locust tree immigrants came to the new migration area, some of which were occupied by horses, bounded by horseshoe prints; some of them occupied the land with ploughs, and ploughed around the earth, and this land belonged to me. Build a village on the slope, called a certain slope, build a village in the pit and recess, call a certain pit village, a certain estuary, a certain bay, a certain, etc.; according to different industries, the one who can grow vegetables is called a certain vegetable garden, the one who can play oil is called a certain oil mill, and the one who can make paper is called a paper mill. There are also many villages named after Shanxi place names in Daxing District, Qingyundian Town has Shizhouying Village and Xiaoyiying Village, Caiyu Town has Tunliuying Village and Shanxiying Village, and Changziying Town has Zhaoxianying Village, Qinshuiying Village, Yonghezhuang Village, etc.
The Wen clan, whose ancestors were also immigrants from the great locust tree in Hongdong County. According to Tianjin Baodi's "Wen Family Tree", "Wu Wen's original origin was in Dahuaishu Village, Hongdong County, Shanxi, and died too much during the Ming Dynasty Yongle period due to the continuous burning of soldiers north of the Dahe River, so he emigrated from all over the world to Shihebei, and my ancestors also moved to Liu Kuaizhuang in Baodi County at that time, and also migrated to Yixingbu today." "In the middle of the Qing Dynasty, the Wen clan began to practice martial arts in order to defend the peace of the countryside, and there were many wu zhuangyuan among the clansmen. The Wen family tree also reads: "Zhiquan Gongsui was the great leader of the world with martial arts, xiangquan Gong was used to suppress the Ping Twist Bandit Gong, and the head pin was worn with a flower plume, and the Zhou Gong Chinese-style Jia Chen Jinshi, successively served as the commander of Dengzhou in Shandong, and his martial arts achievements were vibrant for a while." To this day, there are ancestral helmets and bells and bow knives in the street that will always be a treasure of the world. "By the late Qing Dynasty, starting from the Runqi Gong, from Wu to Confucianism, focusing on the study of science, the Wen clan and the He clan took cultivation and reading as their business, and the family style changed due to one change. At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the People's Republic, the Wen family read in an endless stream, and some of them studied abroad in Europe. This is probably a typical example of the evolution of immigrant family customs. The family tree of Zhang surname Zhang surnamed Zhang in Chengguan Village, Chengguan Town, Chengguan Town, Chengguan Town, Lingbao City, Henan Province, shows that in the early Ming Dynasty, Zhang Rushan and Zhang Rulin (the eldest son Zhang Rugan and the second son Zhang Rutang lived in Huixing Town) from the big locust tree in Hulutan, Hongdong County. In 1944, the door of the Zhangjia Ancestral Hall was united as follows: "Three generations of ancestors of Henan Province, Shanxi Province, Gantangxia, Huixing Town, Huixing Town, Huiliu Town, the ancestor of the original county of Hulutan." ”
On the Shahe Ancient Road in Liqingu Town, Dingzhou, Hebei Province, there is a large village with tens of thousands of people, called "Yijiazhuang". It is said that five hundred years ago, from Shanxi to Dingzhou, just in time for the flooding of the river, the villages along the coast were washed away by the flood, after the flood, they built houses and settled on this Shahe Ancient Road, and after generations of breeding into villages, they became "one family village", until now. The 13th year "Yanzhuang Ancestral Monument" of Qingjiaqing in Yanzhuang Village, Huangma Township, Henan Province, records that the Yan family was originally from Hongdong County, Shanxi Province, and in the early Ming Dynasty, because of the migration to Yanjiazhuang in Qilixu, north of Neihuang County, the Yan family became a famous and prestigious family in Fanyang Town. There is also the "Zhang's Ancestral Monument" in the ninth year of Qing Kangxi in Shanyidian Village, Maxiang Township, which details the fact that the Zhang family migrated from Nanguan in Hongdong County, Shanxi Province, in the thirteenth year of Ming Hongwu, settled down and took root, and multiplied. There is also the "Yue Family Lineage Monument" of the Seventeenth Year of Kangxi in Yue Cifan Village, Bocheng Township, which details the process of the Yue family migrating from Hongdong in the seventh year of Ming Hongwu and multiplying here, and leaving a family tree. There are also two boxes of ming dynasty epitaphs unearthed in Xiguan, the county seat of Neihuang County, which record the fact that the ancestor of the Ren surname, Ming Hongwuchu, moved from Hongdong to this place, and later moved to the village of King Wangzhuang of Chuwang, and has a detailed genealogy. In addition, there are many monuments about the hongdong migrants in Dongzhuang Old County, such as the Feng's Migration Monument in Dongzhuang Old County, the Zuo's Migration Monument in Dongzhuang Xiyezhuang, and so on. After the immigrants with various surnames moved into the area around the Inner Huangliu River, those with the surname Niuliuhe were called Niuliuhe, those with the surname Chi were called Chiliuhe, those with the surname Li were called Liliuhe, those with the surname Ma were called Maliuhe, those with the surname Jiao were called Jiaoliuhe, and those with the surname Li were called Li Jiajiao. The Wei surname was also moved from Hongdong County, Shanxi, and moved to the west end of the Nanliu River, after which the Wei surname developed into a local famous family, so it was called Wei Liuhe.
The Wang clan of Hanmiao Village in Shanghe County, Shandong Province, is known as the "Donkey King". When they immigrated, the ancestors of the Hanmiao Wang clan had three brothers, and they killed the only donkey in the family in their reluctance, and they called their respective descendants "Donkey King" to avoid confusion with other clans. The Wang clan of Hutou Wang Village, Zhuangzhai Town, Cao County, Shandong Province, is a descendant of immigrants from Hongdong County, Shanxi Province, and has formed a large family of more than 10,000 people so far. According to genealogical records, when immigrating, ancestors brought a small tiger here to settle down, so they named it "Tiger Head King". There is a village of one thousand kings in the west of Dingtao County, Shandong, during the Ming Hongwu period, wang surname Ancestor Wang Lianggong immigrated here from the big locust tree in Hongdong County, Shanxi, because he was a hunter, the marksmanship was excellent, known as "one gun king", after the population continued to increase, now evolved into "one thousand kings". Yang Lian of the Ancestral Hall of hu zhai village in Xicheng Township, Puyang County, Henan Province, wrote: "Remembering the ancestors who left Hongdong bicycles and horses used to be bitter, Huai Shizong lived in Caozhou with lush foliage and today's glory." The Qiao Clan Ancestral Hall in Qiaoying Village, Gucheng Township, Qingfeng County, wrote: "Hongdong moved to the rest of the world, Qingfeng Anyu 600 years", and the other is "600 years of hometown story table in the mountains and rivers Hongdong Road, 3,000 homes can be traced back to the sea Mulberry Field Qiaoyingtun." ”
"Who is the ancient locust immigrant, off the little toe to examine the carapace shape." This folk song is not only widely circulated, but also used as evidence to identify the villagers and identify the descendants of the immigrants. On the train, in hotels, in barracks of troops, in dormitories of universities, and even in foreign countries in other countries, when people from foreign lands gather together to inquire about their hometowns and check their ancestral homelands, they often take off their shoes and pull their socks, show their feet, and check whether the nails of the little toes of their feet are polytactic. If someone's small fingernails have several vertical lines, as if they were two nails, then whose ancestors moved from under the big locust tree in Hongdong. Therefore, they immediately recognized each other as the descendants of the ancient locust and considered each other to be Hongdong fellows. So they sat around and talked about the historical facts and anecdotes of the relocation. "The same is the ancient locust migration people, after a few generations of happy to meet", cordial and friendly friendship, very strong.
For example, the origin of the word untied is mostly said to be immigrants who are tied up on the road, and on the long way they inevitably want to pee on, and when they are in a hurry, they will ask the escort officer to send a messenger to untie the bound hands. Later, I said more, and gradually simplified the original words. First it said, "Untie my hand for me," and then it was simply simplified to "untie my hand." When I arrived at the new residence, but because of the life on the road to the relocation, a deep imprint was engraved in my mind, and people could not forget it, and sometimes they always had to mention it, and because the road was very long, it became a habit, and it was still said that the size was "untied". Over time, "hand removal" has become synonymous with defecation.
The people of Hongdong, Shanxi, have a habit of eating noodles, and after the descendants of immigrants migrated to the Central Plains, they were almost noodleless and insufficient at every meal, and they had a habit of becoming a habit for a long time. This is formed in the context of natural conditions, historical sources, and the power of succession. To this day, people in the Central Plains ask "Have you eaten?" as soon as they meet before and after breakfast and lunch? ”
In addition, Hongdong also has the habit of drinking soup and rice. Except for some parts of Southern Jin, most of the residents are like this. In the Russi area, neighbors meet before and after dinner, and still ask first, "Have you drunk soup?" It is said that most of Shanxi has been dry and windy for many years, the people "work at sunrise, rest at sunset", the so-called "face the loess back to the sky" of the hard work, there are few conditions for drinking water and sipping tea, all rely on the soup water when eating, and Shanxi people used to eat rare vegetables, all by salt, vinegar, the taste is obviously heavy, physiologically require a lot of water, the formation of a soup-like custom.
Birds are circling the trees near dusk, and people are homesick at dusk. When the first generation of migrants returned to their roots and had no hope, in the face of the hometown Mingyue, they could not compose a song of chasing water, could not sing nomadic songs, blurted out this song "Ask me where my hometown is, Shanxi Hongdong big locust tree,", the sad song can be weeping, the distant can be angelica, for hundreds of years, this ancient folk song has comforted the trauma of many ancient locust descendants, stirred up the hearts of many ancient locust descendants, and aroused the yearning of many ancient locust descendants.
Time passes, the vicissitudes of the years, the place where the immigrants set off from Guangji Temple and the big locust tree, has long been washed away by the fenshui, fortunately, the second generation of locust trees have been bred with the same root on the east side of the big locust tree, after more than 400 years of wind and rain, the second generation of ancient locusts has now dried up, but just like the descendants of immigrants who have endlessly lived and multiplied from generation to generation, the third generation of locust trees have grown with the same root on the north side of the second generation of ancient locusts, and the jia tree has been extended from generation to generation.
The ancient locust tree stele pavilion, tea room and archway are the earliest scenic spots built in the immigrant cultural area, which was built in the third year of the Republic of China. Initiated by The Hongdong people Jing Daqi, Liu Zilin and others, shandong Caozhou, Changshan and other places of ancient locust descendants have donated money, soon donated hundreds of silver, so there is an ancient locust tree monument pavilion for people to hang, there is also a tea room for people to taste tea huaixiang Sanying, ancient locust descendants to trace the origin of the love, mountains and rivers can be learned.
Where is the Stork Nest now? Sit on the Sang Zi Qiao Jia love. Today, on the site of ming dynasty immigrants, a large-scale and majestic locust tree root-seeking ancestral garden has risen from the ground, like a shining pearl, embedded in the bank of the Fenshui River. From the three years of the Republic of China to the present, after more than 100 years of development, the Hongdong Locust Tree Root-Seeking Ancestral Garden has developed into a national AAAAA-level tourist attraction covering an area of more than 300 acres, and has become a sacred place for descendants of immigrants at home and abroad to search for their roots and visit their ancestors. The ancestral worship activity area is mainly to provide a place for the descendants of the great locust tree to worship the ancestors, and its buildings include the root carving gate, the root character shadow wall, the Lotus Xin Bridge, the Huaixiang Bridge and the Stork Ming Bridge, the dedication hall, the sacrifice square, and the ancestral worship hall. Among them, the root character shadow wall has a unique shape and exquisite carving, which is the iconic landscape of the scenic spot; the ancestral worship hall is the core of the entire ancestral garden, and the hall enshrines 1230 ancestral family name tablets, which is the largest ancestral hall of the hundred families in the country and the first hall of the world's people's sacrifice.
In 2000, the Shanxi Provincial Party Committee and Provincial Government included the Hongdong Locust Tree Root-Seeking Ancestral Garden in the Jinnan Genzu Cultural Activity Center. In 2008, the ancestral worship of the large locust tree in Hongdong was also included in the second batch of national intangible cultural heritage protection list. Since 1991, the Hongdong Locust Tree Root-Seeking Ancestral Garden has held 31th Ancestor-Seeking Festival.
"It's another April day on earth, what year is it on the Yin Cao Road?" The pieces in front of the monument are scattered, and the tears and blood under the eyes are fried. The faint whistle is in the ear, and the carp is like smoke to the dream. Sorrow is like where the water returns, and the spring breeze cries for the cuckoo. "The incense of worship rose in mid-air and went straight to the direction I was looking in. The cold, cool wind swept past my ears, whistling and swaying, as if it were whimpering, as if it were chanting. During the Qingming Dynasty, peach and plum laughed, and the wilderness was desolate. The crowing magpie is noisy and dim trees, and the yin and yang are separated by who breaks the intestines. A cry, a low cry, as if from the sky, as if echoing in the ears, as if telling a distant mournful story, the sound of tears, the pain is irrepressible.
Where is the desolation of the lonely grave? I seem to see thousands of miles away, the great plains east of the Taihang Mountains, full of graves, tombstones, thorns and weeds wandering beside the solemn tombstones, people who have broken their souls and weep, kneeling next to the ancestors, burning an incense, igniting the infinite mourning and sorrow in their hearts, making one wish after another, so that heaven and earth will always exist, let the dead rest in peace, let the living people, carry their bags, and live up to the expectations of their predecessors!
Source: Loess high slope ZHL