A corner of the grassland, the water and grass are abundant. On the green "ocean", red, yellow and white "flowers" bloom. They are tall and strong, with a beautiful posture, able to withstand wind and frost and cold and heat, strong hooves, strong body, and vigorously stepping on the vast wilderness, they are destined to be born for the Hulunbuir grassland. They are the famous steppe creatures - three river cattle.
Animal husbandry is the basic industry of Hulunbuir Agricultural Reclamation Group and an important source of income for the staff and workers of Hulunbuir Agricultural Reclamation Group. The Inner Mongolian Sanhe cattle, carefully selected and bred by generations of farmers, are still the main livestock breeds in the region. In the past two years, focusing on the industrialization and development of Sanhe cattle, Hulunbuir Nongken Group, under the premise of ensuring the scale and quality of the Sanhe cattle population, has actively promoted the integration of animal husbandry with culture, education, tourism and other industries through the production of Sanhe cattle products with distinct regional characteristics, guided industrial agglomeration, and realized the development of the whole industrial chain of breeding, breeding, processing, marketing and tourism. The "Three Rivers Cattle" breed is rated as a geographical indication for agricultural products.
The Three Rivers cattle originate in the Erguna Three Rivers region (Root River, Derbel River, Haur River) and the Binzhou Line in the territory of Hulunbuir City, hence the name. Sanhe cattle are planned, targeted, independently bred in China and the first excellent breed with independent intellectual property rights in China.
In the mid-1950s, according to the call of the Party Central Committee, a state-owned pasture was established in the Hulunbuir area, and scientific breeding work was planned in line with the breeding policy of "breeding mainly and appropriate introduction of foreign blood as a supplement". Establish breeding cattle farms, organize core groups, select and make full use of excellent breeding bulls, carry out artificial insemination, strictly select seeds and breeding, breed calves in a targeted manner, adhere to breeding records, establish feed bases, and strengthen disease prevention and control. After several generations of farmers carefully selected and bred, in this vast land of abundant water and grass, china's first excellent variety with complete intellectual property rights has been independently cultivated.
"Moo-", stepping into the gate of Hulunbuir Agricultural Reclamation Group Shertara Farm Co., Ltd., you can hear the loud cries of the Sanhe cattle in the cow barn. As the only three-river cattle breeding bull farm in China, it undertakes the heavy responsibility of breeding, breeding, frozen fine tube production, breed improvement, scientific research and technology promotion of three-river cattle. Liu Airong, secretary of the party committee and chairman of hulunbuir Nongken Shertara Agricultural and Pasture Co., Ltd., said: "Sanhe cattle have always been the dominant breed of agricultural reclamation and cattle breeding in Hulunbuir pastoral area, and it is a well-deserved beautiful creature on the Hulunbuir grassland!"
At present, the total number of Sanhe cattle in Hulunbuir City is 100,000 heads, mainly based on the traditional half-house feeding and half-grazing family free range, and there are a small number of demonstration dairy farms (communities) operating. Hulunbuir Nongken Group has the core cow herd of Sanhe cattle and the national breeding bull station, after long-term selection and improvement, the milk yield of the core group of Sanhe cattle has reached more than 6.5 tons, and the bioactive factors contained in milk can improve human immunity, which is the ideal raw material for the production of dried milk, cheese and other national products. At the same time, Sanhe cattle have good meat production performance, 18 months old short-term fattening slaughter rate of 55%, net meat rate of 46%, fattening daily weight increase of more than 1 kg, especially suitable for remote pastoral areas to raise, so for many years by the city's animal husbandry Four Banners and surrounding provinces and cities to buy, for fattening or as a breeding cow breeding.
"I was born in Shertara. Sanhe cattle are not only a valuable asset of Hulunbuir farming, but also bring a lot of benefits to the workers here. "Ma Jirong, an employee of Hulunbuir Nongken Shertara Farm Co., Ltd., has been raising Sanhe milk cattle for more than ten years. The annual milk production of her dairy cows has risen from the initial 3.2 tons to the current 6.5 tons, and the annual milk production of individual cows has reached 8 tons; Due to the rapid weight gain and good meat quality of the three river cattle, the net meat rate also rose to 46%; Her family's per capita annual income has also risen from more than 5,000 yuan to more than 20,000 yuan now.
The development of Three Rivers cattle has gone through three important stages: multi-breed hybridization and self-propagation stage, planned hybridization improvement and breed breeding stage, group breeding improvement and new strain breeding. As early as 1898, some Russians moved to the Three Rivers area of Hulunbuir, and they successively introduced multi-breed cattle to cross with local Mongolian cattle. In 1954, after the founding of New China, Su Qiao returned to China one after another, and the Hulunbuir Municipal Government purchased hybrid cattle raised by Su Qiao who left the country. Adhering to the policy of mainly breeding this product and appropriately introducing foreign blood as a supplement, after years of planned and systematic scientific breeding work, a state-owned pasture based on raising Three River cattle has been established in the Hulunbuir Grassland, and the production performance of the Three Rivers cattle group has been continuously improved, and the milk production has reached a level comparable to that of dairy cattle. After the 1990s, relying on the three five-year plans of the state and other projects, a modern breeding technology system was established, breeding goals were determined, and two new strains for dairy and meat were cultivated by introducing external blood, enriching the breed structure and realizing the continuous improvement of the production performance of sanhe cattle.
In July last year, 100 cows of excellent breeds of Sanhe cattle bred by Hulunbuir Nongken Group were loaded into carts and sent to Tibet to start a journey of settling down across 5,000 kilometers. This is also the first time in history that the Three Rivers cattle have entered the 3650-meter high altitude area.
Three river cattle have the characteristics of strong adaptability, tolerance to rough feeding, high cold resistance, strong disease resistance, stable genetic performance, and good performance of dairy and meat production. The formation of the "Three Rivers Cattle" breed has filled the gap in China's dairy-meat combined cattle breeds.
Over the years, Hulunbuir Nongken Sheltara Farm Co., Ltd. has vigorously exerted its variety characteristics, relying on the advantages of the Sanhe cattle industry, accelerating the construction of industrial parks, expanding the size of the population in a timely manner through the selection, selection, breeding and other work methods of the core group, comprehensively improving the quality and supply capacity of the source and supply of Sanhe cattle, and making every effort to improve the germplasm innovation and breeding of Sanhe cattle. Sanhe cattle core breeding fully application of modern science and technology management plant, equipped with professional pasture management software, dairy cow electronic identification, estrus forecast, TMR feeding, DeLaval side-by-side (turntable) milking platform and other domestic advanced equipment. Realize the automation and mechanization of dairy cattle feeding management, breeding, milk squeezing, and manure treatment. Up to now, hulunbuir Agricultural Reclamation Group Shertara Agricultural And Pasture Co., Ltd. Sanhe cattle stock scale of 4052 heads, can breed 500 reserve cows per year. The Inner Mongolia Sanhe Cattle Breeding Center under its jurisdiction is a national key Sanhe cattle breeding bull station, with an annual inventory scale of 400 heads, 50 refined bulls, a frozen semen production capacity of 1.2 million doses, an annual cooperative production of 10,000 doses of controlled frozen essence, and 300 excellent reserve bulls.
Sanhe cattle have high lactation performance and strong meat production ability. Sanhe milk source has high quality, milk fat rate of 4.2%, milk protein 3.5%, dry matter 13.5%, high-quality milk source is suitable for the production of cheese and other high-end dairy products. Three-river beef beef should not be underestimated. The short-term fattening and slaughtering rate of 18-month-old castrated cattle reached 55%, and the net meat rate was 46%; The daily weight gain during the fattening period is more than 1.1 kg, the meat is tender and tender, the amino acid content is high, and it is a high-grade beef product from the grassland paradise.
At the same time, the company continues to build a strong Sanhe cattle breeding technical team, through close cooperation with domestic professional colleges, industry-leading enterprises and leading technical personnel, Sanhe cattle technology, technology development capabilities and management technology level significantly enhanced.
On the basis of doing a good job in breeding and improving, the company has increased the promotion of excellent breeding stock and products, and has successively appeared in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Green Agricultural and Livestock Products Expo, the Autonomous Region Pilot Work Site Meeting to Promote Animal Husbandry Modernization and the Autonomous Region Dairy Revitalization Conference, so that Sanhe cattle have truly become an excellent breeding brand that affects the whole country.
Hulunbuir Agricultural Reclamation Group Shertara Agricultural And Pasture Co., Ltd. gives full play to its geographical advantages and industrial advantages, accelerates the construction of the Sanhe cattle industrial park, adheres to the principle of "six do one construction", that is, "do excellent varieties, do solid bases, do finishing, do forage base, strengthen the market, do strict quality and construction of industrial parks", implement the "five-year plan for the improvement and improvement of the core group of Sanhe cattle", actively improve breeding measures, increase the promotion of Sanhe cattle, continuously expand the scale of breeding, develop public management and joint breeding, public management and public care, public management and private breeding, Coordinate a variety of management modes of civil breeding, and improve the level of scientific breeding.
The company actively responds to the national call to promote the revitalization of the dairy industry, establishes and improves the whole process of standard system, strictly controls the quality of products, excavates product characteristics, enriches product categories, accelerates the construction of green organic product production and processing output bases, fully excavates the characteristics of Sanhe cattle milk, takes Cheddar cheese, harromi cheese, yogurt and pasteurized fresh milk as the main research and development points, and builds a new consumption model with marketing channel innovation, further expands brand influence and broadens market channels. At the same time, we should give full play to the advantages of combining agriculture and animal husbandry, actively implement the development concept of "ecological priority and green development", promote grass and livestock support, promote the level of utilization of manure resources, effectively utilize crop by-products, and form a modern agricultural pattern of circular development of agriculture and animal husbandry. At the same time, the company will actively build a modern agricultural and animal husbandry industrial park with the theme of the healthy development of the Three Rivers cattle industry, integrating breeding, processing, tourism, sightseeing, research, experience and sales.
Zheng Yongming, Sun Hairong, Reporter of Farmers Daily, China Rural Network, Li Hao