Shi Shanchang
Shi Shanchang: Neglecting his post and sending him to Xinjiang
Du Xuewei
introduction
A "history of the Qing Dynasty" is actually a literal prison, a history of the exile of cultural people and intellectuals. In fact, after the Qing Dynasty was finalized, the exile of "scholars and firsts", and not only officials, was covered with various dynasties of the "Qing History". Even if it is known in history as the so-called "Qianlong prosperous era", it is no exception.
When the dynasty flourished, the popular "exile" was the royal power that emphasized the correctness of its rule and the "uniformity of public opinion". In its decline, it is also increasingly intolerant of questioning and denouncing its so-called "political correctness", not to mention the similarity of people with various faults. Shi Shanchang is one of the many exiled figures.
One. Shi Shi's life, traveling for many years
When introducing Shi Shanchang in the Qing Dynasty Scholar's Travel Curtain Table, he said that his "character Yufen, number Chixia, Jiangsu Wujiang". The Xinjiang Historical Dictionary, which mentions Shi Shanchang, said that Shi Shanchang was "a character Chunlin, a native of Shanyin, Zhejiang." Under the annotation of the entry of the "Western Poetry Transcription of The Past Dynasties", it continues the speech of Shi Shanchang's line "Character Chunlin, Zhejiang Shanyin People". However, in "Tingzhou Exile", the author says that Shi Shanchang "is a character Chunlin, a native of Shaoxing, Zhejiang, whose ancestral home is Panyu, Guangdong".
So why is there such a big deviation in the same person's word, number and place of origin? The author naturally prefers the statement that "Shi Shanchang is a character chunlin, a native of Shanyin County, Zhejiang".
"Western Poetry of Past Dynasties" roughly outlines for us a trajectory of Shi Shanchang's life. It was born as a "zhusheng", "a puppet with different talents, and during the Light Years of the Qing Dynasty, the boy should not be sold, and the aid was donated to zhi county." Yugan County, Jiangxi Was chosen, loved by the people, and the county was ruled by Dazhi. ”
In layman's terms, Shi Shanchang did not follow the path of the examination and the first exam according to the youth of that era, but his father donated a governor status for him. Because Shi Shanchang had "different talents", he served in Jiangxi for many years, but he won the love of the people, and his county was also ruled.
In the "Qing Dynasty Scholar Travel Curtain Table", it is recorded: Shi Shanchang (1750--1804) In this regard, the "Tingzhou Exile" actually has different records, "Shi Shanchang (1768--1830)" The two records have such a big deviation, I don't know which one is more accurate? The "Qing Dynasty Scholar Tour Curtain Table" once recorded that Shi Shanchang's "father tasted Kelong", that is, Shi Shanchang's father had been in business in Shaanxi for many years, so naturally he had some spare money to donate a governor status for his son!
However, according to the time record of Shi Shanchang's tour of the curtain, Shi Shanchang's birth and death years are also biased. According to the "Qing Dynasty Scholar Tour Curtain Table", (Shi Shanchang) "In the late spring of 1783, he went to Lanzhou at the invitation of Feng Guangzhi of Fantai. In the autumn of the same year, the Taoist Jing Rubai extended to Xining. In the spring of 1785, he entered Shaanxi and lived for about a year. In the spring of 1789, he and Wu Zhaoke Wang Chang made envoys to Jiangxi. In the spring and summer of 1792, he visited Zhejiang to make Gu Changqiumu. In the autumn of the same year, Bi Yuanmu, the governor of Huguang, lived for about six years. "If we rely on this record, then Shi Shanchang (1750--1804), whose birth and death age was only fifty-four, is obviously inconsistent with Shi Shanchang's death year of 63 years. But if we believe that Shi Shanchang died in the year of his death (1768--1830), it obviously contradicts (Shi Shanchang's) record that "in the late spring of 1783, he went to Lanzhou at the invitation of Feng Guangzhi of Fantai". Because if this is observed, then Shi Shan was born in 1768, and in 1783 he was only 11 years old when he entered the Shogunate of Feng Guang, which is obviously impossible! If the former is adopted, Shi Shanchang (1750--1804) was only 23 years old when he entered the curtain, although his qualifications were still shallow, and he did not have the qualifications to give a curtain. Therefore, the chronology of Shi Shanchang's birth and death is still a controversial issue.
When Shi Shanchang was sent to Xinjiang, he recalled when recalling his tragic life: "Painfully thinking of the loss of childhood, the mother's family has been nurtured; the sister married early, and it is difficult for her to be a brother without a brother." In this poem, it is said that Shi Shanchang died when his father died when he was very young, and he was raised by his mother. An older sister was married very early, she had no brothers, and he was the only one in the family.
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Two. He has been in Yugan County for more than ten years
Judging from the area where Shi Shanchang traveled, Shi Shanchang traveled from his hometown to Lanzhou, Shaanxi, Jiangxi, and Hubei, and the radius of activity reached one or two thousand miles away. Then, from the perspective of the identities of several of his curtain masters, these curtain masters will have a greater or lesser impact on Shi Shanchang's future behavior as an official, a person, and the treatment of people and things.
According to Shi Shanchang's experience in entering the shogunate, he "entered the Feng Guang shogunate of Gansu Province in the spring of 1783." In the autumn of the same year, he entered the Jingrubai shogunate of Xining Province. In the spring of 1785, he entered Shaanxi and lived for about a year. In the spring of 1789, he and Wu Zhaoke Wang Chang made envoys to Jiangxi. In the spring and summer of 1792, he visited Zhejiang to make Gu Changqiumu. In the autumn of the same year, Bi Yuanmu, the governor of Huguang, lived for about six years." According to this, it can be seen that Shi Shanchang traveled outside the curtain for more than ten years. He followed Wang Chang, the envoy of Shaanxi, Gu Changfu, the envoy of Zhejiang, and Bi Yuan, the governor of Huguang, for a little longer, especially with Bi Yuan, the governor of Huguang, for six years.
"In the spring of 1785, he entered Shaanxi according to the envoy Wang Changmu and lived for about a year." Wang Chang is a famous figure in the history of the Qing Dynasty. Wang Chang (王昶字德甫), a native of Qingpu, Jiangsu Province. It was in the nineteenth year of Qianlong (1754), the later official ju cabinet secretary, Shuntianfu township examination examiner, etc., Qianlong thirty-three years (1768) In July, he was dismissed from his post for leaking and investigating the leakage of salt caused by the two Huaiyun. After that, he served under the governor of Yungui, Ah Gui. In the forty-first year of Qianlong (1776), Wang Chang was reused again, and Qianlong was appointed secretary of Dali Temple for forty-two years, "Qianlong was appointed as an envoy to Jiangxi in March of the forty-fifth year. In August, Ding Mu returned home worriedly. In February of the 48th year, he served as an envoy, and in March he was transferred to Shaanxi according to the envoy." That is, after Wang Chang was dismissed from his post and reinstated, he entered the Wang Chang shogunate. Because Wang Chang also had the experience of going out to tour the curtain, he was courteous to Shi Shanchang. In the fifty years of Qianlong (1785), Wang Chang was transferred to shaanxi and Jiangxi. It was also in this year that Shi Shanchang entered the shogunate of Wang Chang. Wang Chang's intelligence, wisdom, temperament, and talent cannot be said to have had some impact on Shi Shanchang. After Wang Chang was transferred to a new post, Shi Shanchang also left the Wang Chang shogunate.
The Qing Dynasty Scholar Travel Curtain Table contains: (Shi Shanchang) "Sanghe with Wang Chang and Zhao Wei. School Wang Changshi. Sing with Wang Wenzhi, Wang Chen, Fang Zhengshu, Yan Guan, Qian Boyuan, etc." It is also an aspect of Shi Shanchang's life in the shogunate of Wang Chang.
In the spring and summer of 1792, Shi Shanchang was transferred from the shogunate of Wang Chang to the shogunate of Gu Changfu, the envoy of Zhejiang. "Gu Changfu character Xiupu, Jiangxi Jianchang people, Shaanxi Yanfa Dao". Apparently, when Shi Shanchang entered the gu changfu shogunate, he had already been transferred from the post of Shaanxi Yanfa Dao to the post of Zhejiang bu political envoy.
In the autumn of the same year, Shi Shanchang "entered the Governor of Huguang, Bi Yuanmu, lived for about six years", after which Shi Shanchang entered the shogunate of Bi Yuan, the governor of Huguang, and lived in the Biyuan Shogunate for six years.
Bi Yuan (29 September 1730 – 24 August 1797), courtesy name Yu, learned from Shen Deqian at Lingyan Mountain, and also called himself Lingyan Mountain. A native of Zhenyang, Jiangsu (present-day Taicang, Jiangsu), he was a scholar of the Twenty-fifth Year of Qianlong (1760), the first in the Ting Examination, the first in the Imperial Examination, and the first in the Hanlin Academy. In the fifty years of Qianlong (1785), he was sent to Henan to inspect the governor. In the following year, he was promoted to governor of Huguang. In the first year of Jiaqing (1796), Bi Yuan died of illness, and the Qing court gave the crown prince Taibao and gave him a sacrifice and burial. Bi Yuan was a famous university scholar in the Qing Dynasty, famous for his shock to the government and the opposition.
Imagine Shi Shanchang, who followed Bi Yuan's side for six years, and was full of ears, Bi Yuan's education and character deeply affected Shi Shanchang's political career and his poetic talent.
After About six years in the Biyuan shogunate, Bi Yuan was transferred to a new post, and Shi Shanchang had to find a new position in the Biyuan shogunate.
Three. Eunuchs in Jiangxi, the reason for the blame
Shi Shanchang "Has different talents, and during the light years of the Qing Dynasty, the boy should not be sold, and the aid is donated to Zhi County." Choose Yugan County, Jiangxi, the people love it, and the county will be ruled by the great rule." That is to say, Shi Shanchang's official reputation and political achievements as an official in Yugan County were still good.
Yugan County is a small county under the jurisdiction of Shangrao City, Jiangxi Province, located in the northeast of Jiangxi Province. It borders Wannian County to the east, Nanchang and Jinxian Counties to the west, Yujiang County and Dongxiang County to the south, and Poyang County and Duchang County to the north. The land area is 2331 square kilometers, the landform is dominated by low hills and lakeside plains, the terrain is high in the southeast, low in the northwest, and slowly slopes from the southeast hills to the northwest, transitioning to the lakeside plain. The Xinjiang River, which runs through the whole territory, flows into Poyang Lake in terms of east and west tributaries, and the basic composition is "four waters, three mountains, two fields, one road and manor".
However, judging from the fact that Shi Shanchang had only been in Yugan County for more than a year, judging from the retrospective rebuttal of the chronology of his tragic dereliction of duty, Shi Shanchang embarked on the road of dispatching Xinjiang in the ninth year of Daoguang (1829). Then the reverse continues to move forward, Shi Shanchang should have been transferred to Yugan County in the autumn of the sixth year of Daoguang (1826), and he served in Yugan County for only one year, that is, the seventh year of Daoguang (1827), but he was framed, talking about negligence and was stripped of his position as county magistrate, thus arguing for several months, and embarking on the road in the ninth year of Daoguang (1829) the following year.
Of course, Shi Shanchang left the Biyuan shogunate at the beginning of the Jiaqing year, and then served as governor of Yugan County for about twenty years.
Records of Shi Shanchang's tenure in Yugan County are very rare, although he has only been in office for more than a year, "the people love it, and the county is governed by great rule", what is the use of the ordinary people's evaluation?
Chitaijan Brak
Four. Embark on the road, the journey is difficult
In the spring and summer of 1829 (the ninth year of Daoguang), Shi Shanchang embarked on a long road.
They crossed the Yangtze River, crossed the Yellow River, waded through mountains and waters, crossed mountains and mountains, crossed the Hexi Corridor, walked the long Gobi quicksand, and finally arrived in Xinjiang. Perhaps because the departure time of their journey is probably spring and summer, so they have not encountered too much wind and sand, rain and snow along the way.
Nevertheless, for Shi Shanchang and his people, Xinjiang is still a high-altitude region compared to Jiangxi, Zhejiang and Jiangsu. So the more they went in the carriage, the thinner the air they felt.
When passing through the majestic Jiayu Pass, Shi Shanchang knew that he was about to enter the territory of Xinjiang, even if he was out of the customs, he sighed in the poem "Out of Jiayu Pass":
As soon as you go out of this door, you are different from Middle-earth. Knowing that there is a day to return, there is no time to live.
I was sick and my eyes were dry with tears. When this freezes the skin, go to the horse to help.
Looking forward to the snow is long, the yellow sand is thousands of miles wide. Looking back at the Tianshan Mountains, the heavy door is lonely and closed.
Miserable and silent, who knows this situation.
Out of Jiayu Pass, they soon reached xingxingxia, the junction of Gansu and New Provinces. After several months of long journeys, when they arrived in Hami, an important town in eastern Xinjiang, Shi Shanchang could not help but write a poem "To Hami":
Wrap your body in yellow sand, dizzy and breathless;
A wisp of human life rose up, and The three days of Yizhou were stationed in luggage;
Go to the wheel platform for a thousand eight miles, the north and south roads are only pointed;
The snow mountain northbound will pass through here, and the double sunshine in June can be completed;
Three nine snow flakes are greater than a few, and one falls to the bottom of the ice of the zombie layer;
The south road wind rolls the rhinoceros wildly, when the yin condenses or less stops;
I heard that the heart was frightened by the red rain, and the difficulty of walking was like this;
This body can die several times; flesh and bones blow the worm,
And get a ticket to the south. ”
Shi Shanchang stopped in Hami for three days to sort out his luggage. Although the destination of his trip was Urumqi, there were still 18,000 miles to go. When he arrived in Hami, Shi Shanchang felt dizzy, short of breath, and in pain.
When he arrived in Turpan, he felt like he was on the verge of death. Because Shi Shanchang was, after all, an old man over sixty years old, coming to Guanwai would certainly not be as easy as a young and strong middle-aged man. Shi Shanchang, as if he were confessing his own aftermath, recalled his bumpy life in the poem "Turpan is Very Sick".
"Life and death are determined, and sorrow is in vain." Let the spirit pass away from now on, and the soul of God will be clear.
Painfully missing the young, the mother's nurturing. There are sisters who marry early, and it is difficult to be a brother without a brother.
The woman died and the daughter-in-law was weak, and she was just learning to make soup. Although Sun is not a different child, his youth has not changed.
Smelling my death, I cried bitterly and silently. Hao Tiande did not report, what is the name of the deed.
Tossing and turning, remorse and tears. But I felt hot in my heart and forced the sick body to support.
Looking around the bed, a light is glowing. The child servant slept peacefully, and the dream was still whispering. ”
I think Shi Shanchang is also sad, he lost his father when he was young, and he grew up with his mother. She was raised by her mother. Now his wife is dead, his daughter-in-law is weak, and his grandson is still young. But I was exiled to Guanwai, and when they got the news that I had died outside Guanwai, I didn't know how sad I would cry!
Judging from the poems written by Shi Shanchang all the way through the place, it is obvious that he took hami, Turfan, Dabancheng, and then reached urumqi. When they walked to Turpan and walked another 360 miles, and were about to arrive in Urumqi, Shi Shanchang wrote another poem, "To Urumqi":
"When I arrive home, I am happy to rest my luggage; I am sick and sick, and I have nine deaths;
At first sight of Seoul, a cloud of smoke and purple; noisy city wells open, rudder wheels and hooves;
Old trees but elm willows, maple ring half a mile; sudden tiger head mountain, chibi sunny rise;
The stream flows vertically and horizontally, and the frozen place is ice-toothed; where the hideno pavilion, there is no relic for a long time;
The liquor store is wrong in the tea garden, not different from The Zhonghua Li; driving the city square, the shop is high;
The two servants tucked me down, shaking and walking hard; the master stopped the master, and first prepared the salary;
And to the Marshal's Mansion, begging for disguise and conditioning; four or five villagers, family affection;
Exhort the companions to be at night and eat and drink; laugh and speak to my servant, even if I die here;
Turpan has been defeated, and the yellow money has no half paper. ”
When Shi Shanchang sent Urumqi to Urumqi, he took the road of Hami-Turfan-Dabancheng, but when he was released after three years of release, he took the road of Urumqi--Fukang-Qitai--Mulei--Balikun.
During Shi Shanchang's dispatch to Urumqi, in July, he and several friends walked in the water mill ditch, leaving behind the "Tong Peng Tong Zhuang Member Outer Gu Zhu X Zhonghan Na Jin Tang Yu Zi Min Princes Swimming Water Mill Ditch", the poem said: "Stuffed on the mountain but less water, I heard that the water character heart was happy first." "Aoyama appeared far away to greet each other, never saw the water has heard" "Who touches the heart will grind it, and the snowflake jade chips will be glazed."
From the ninth year of Daoguang (1829), Shi Shanchang embarked on the shu road, and after about four months of arduous trekking, finally arrived in Urumqi, the place of Shudi. Shi Shanchang's trip was accompanied by a young servant who took care of his living quarters.
Shi Shanchang was in Urumqi, and I was afraid that he would have to go to the iron factory in Shuimogou from time to time to engage in errands. For Shi Shanchang, his exile to this point was a severe punishment, so it was not necessary for a sixty-year-old man to engage in some very specific physical labor.
In the "Poetry Of the Western Regions of The Past Dynasties", there are a series of poems by Shi Shanchang and his friends to reward and cope. In other words, this is an important part of his life in Urumqi, Shudi.
Urumqi Red Mountain Mouth
Five. He was released and returned to the East and wrote all his life
In 1832 (the twelfth year of Daoguang), Shi Shanchang received the news that he would be released, and his mood immediately became comfortable. Shi Shanchang was released and returned to the east on the Route of Urumqi - Ancient Pastoral Land--- Jimsar --- Qitai - Mulei ---- Barikun, and directly returned to the interior.
In Shi Shanchang's poem "On the fourth day of the fourth day of march, he set off from Urumqi to live in the ancient pasture at night", the green mountains that Shi Shanchang saw in his eyes were also sentimental.
"En Xudong still has to be free, and the vast claws of the snow remain."
Waiting for Fu Chun to be relieved, whimpering Qingxi refused to flow.
Qingshan is the most affectionate as the Lord, keeping the slanting sun to send guests.
Into the ear to teach acacia comfort, green poplar yin outside the sound of cattle.
Ji Luo's poem compiled the first journey, and the returnees loved the horseshoe lightly.
There is no nomadic herder in the south today, and there is a habit of sending yang to welcome."
After Shi Shanchang returned to the interior, due to physical reasons, he had to return home to live and recuperate, and to chant poems.
Shi Shanchang's life's writings: "Autumn Tree Reading Building Remains" fifteen volumes, and "Aigen Yamakata Poetry Copy" survived.
In 1830, Shi Shanchang died at the age of 63.