A summary of the first campaign to resist US aggression and aid Korea

The first break

The first campaign began on 25 October 1950 and ended on 5 November 1950. In this campaign, the "United Nations Army" served as the offensive force in the front line, with a total of 10 divisions and 1 brigade and 1 regiment, with a total strength of more than 130,000 people. The Volunteer Army participated in a total of 6 armies, except for which it was reorganized into volunteers

In addition to the 38th, 39th, 40th, and 42nd armies and artillery, after the battle began, the 50th and 66th armies were ordered to enter Korea, join the Chinese Volunteer Army, and participate in the first battle. Together with the artillery of the volunteer army, the total strength is about 290,000 people.

The 38th Army, commander Liang Xingchu and political commissar Liu Xiyuan, had jurisdiction over the 112th, 113th, and 114th divisions; the 39th Army, commander Wu Xinquan, and political commissar Xu Binzhou, had jurisdiction over the 115th, 116th, and 117th divisions; the 40th Army, commander Wen Yucheng, and political commissar Yuan Shengping, had jurisdiction over the 118th, 119th, and 120th divisions; the 42nd Army, commander Wu Ruilin, and political commissar Zhou Biao, had jurisdiction over the 124th, 125th, and 126th divisions. The Artillery Command has 3 field artillery divisions (10 regiments, 320 field artillery and howitzers in total), 1 anti-aircraft artillery regiment (36 medium and small anti-aircraft guns), and an engineer regiment. The 38th, 39th, 40th, and 42nd Armies of the Thirteenth Corps were 50,000-55,000 men each. On October 19, under the leadership of Mr. Peng, he began to secretly cross the Yalu River and enter Korea from the three ports of Andong (present-day Dandong), Changdian River Estuary, and Ji'an (present-day Ji'an).

On the morning of October 24, Deng Hua led the 13th Corps to meet Peng Dehuai at Dayu-dong in northern Korea.

On October 25, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued an order to reorganize the headquarters of the 13th Corps into the headquarters of the Chinese Volunteer Army.

The 50th Army, commander Zeng Zesheng and political commissar Xu Wenlie, had jurisdiction over the 148th, 149th, and 150th Divisions, with a total of 35,000 troops, a total of 16 mountain guns and some mortars. The army was incorporated into the Northeast Border Defense Corps on September 6, reached the northeast in Shangdian in October, and entered the DPRK from Andong and Ji'an on October 26.

The 66th Army, commander Xiao Xinhuai, political commissar Wang Zifeng, under the jurisdiction of the 196th, 197th, and 198th Divisions, the whole army of more than 30,000 people, artillery establishment is even smaller, the army in Tianjin, Langfang, Tangshan, Cangxian (now Cangzhou) area engaged in production tasks, after the volunteer army dispatched, the Central Military Commission on October 2 urgently ordered the army to go north, the army on the 23rd urgently gathered troops north into the DPRK to participate in the war.

The "United Nations Army" was unaware of the entry of the Chinese Volunteer Army into the DPRK, and with regiments or battalions as units, it ventured toward the Sino-DPRK border in many ways, providing an excellent opportunity for the volunteers to annihilate the enemy in various ways during the movement. In light of the changes in the battlefield situation, Mao Zedong and Peng Dehuai resolutely changed the operational plan originally scheduled to fight only defensive warfare in the first period, changed the policy of annihilating the enemy in the movement, and decided to seize the fighter plane and immediately carry out a counterattack.

On October 25, the Volunteer Army encountered the enemy army in its march, and the first battle of the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea was launched.

The campaign was divided into east and west lines, with the main battlefield being the area north of the Cheongcheon River on the western front. The Volunteer Army deployed 5 corps and 1 division on the Western Front, from the 25th to the 29th, to give

The South Korean 6th Division, advancing north across the Cheongcheon River, struck a annihilating blow. From November 1 to 3, the Volunteer Army engaged the American army for the first time, severely damaging the 1st Cavalry Division of the American "ace" unit, and annihilating most of its 8th Regiment at Unsan. On the Eastern Front, the Volunteer Army used 2 divisions to block the northward and western reinforcements of the US army and the South Korean army in the area of Huangcao Ridge and Zhan ling south of Chosin Lake, effectively ensuring the operation of the main force on the western front.

In this campaign, the volunteer army annihilated more than 15,000 enemy troops and suffered more than 10,000 casualties, knocked the "United Nations Army" troops from the Yalu River back to the south of the Cheongcheon River line, smashed the "United Nations Army" plan to occupy all of Korea before "Thanksgiving" (November 23, 1950), initially stabilized the Korean War situation, and won time for the Korean People's Army to retreat and reorganize.

At the same time, preliminary experience in fighting with the US and South Korean armies was gained, which created favorable conditions for subsequent operations.

After the first battle, especially the annihilation of most of the 1st regiment of the 1st U.S. Cavalry Division, the volunteer army greatly enhanced its confidence in victory. From the operation, we can see that although the US military has strong firepower, its combat spirit is poor, and without the aircraft artillery, it cannot attack and defend, especially afraid of close combat, night combat, and fear of cutting the back road. The South Korean army was even more defeated in one blow. As long as the volunteers make good use of close combat, night combat, and roundabout encirclement tactics, and first destroy the enemy command organs and artillery positions, they will be able to win and expand the results through search and suppression.