<h1 class = "pgc-h-center-line" > Sectarian Age in Tibet, Part XII:</h1>
After the death of Ba si pa, Dharmabala became the new spiritual leader of the Sakya sect, and he clearly carried the expectations of many people.
Dharmabala was born in 1268, the son of Ganadoggi, the first "King of Bailan" in Mongolia.
As mentioned earlier, when Ganadogyi went to Liangzhou with Saban, he was asked by Kuoduan to learn Mongolian, wear Mongolian clothes, and play with a group of Mongolian friends.
Kuoduan's differential treatment of Ba Si Pa and Kanadogyi was clearly intended to train him as a spokesman for Mongolia in Tibet.
This mind was not only known to Saban and Basipa, but even Kublai Khan could see it.
When Kublai Khan overthrew his brother Ali Bu brother and became the nominal co-lord of the Mongol states, he continued to implement the agent plan.
Cannadogy was made king of Bailan and designated as the administrative head of Tibet, as for marrying a Mongolian princess as a daughter-in-law and giving birth to several babies with Mongolian blood, this is standard.
Unfortunately, Kublai Khan also said that it did not matter, the Mongol wife of Chanadogy never gave birth, and Dharmabala was born to the daughter of the lord of Sharu.
Personally, I feel that this Tibetan historical record may be a curved pen, the so-called sending guards are not far away, not so much worried about being hurt by the earthquake, but rather worried about someone black hand, after all, the most dangerous animal in the world is precisely human.
In this way, the contradictions between the forces within the Sakya sect have become more intense, and the head of the Charuwan household has to exceed his authority to protect his grandson.
Basipa also took great care of Damabala, as mentioned in The Dazzling Time of the Sakya Sect: The Thunder Strike of the Furious Beast, that of the two successors, he chose Dharmabara, while another nephew, Dani Chinpo Sangpobe, was exiled to Hangzhou by Kublai Khan.
Therefore, as soon as Ba Si Pa returned to Sakya, he took the eight-year-old Dharmabala with him and carefully cultivated him, designating him as his successor.
It can be said that the trigger for The Break with the previous Sakya Benchin (the chief executive) was the succession dispute between Damarbala and him.
In November 1280 (to the seventeenth year of the 17th century), Bashipa died, and the 13-year-old Dharmabala inherited the throne of Sakya Monastery.
The following year, he went to Dadu for a visit, and at Kublai Khan's behest, Dharmabala married the Mongolian Bedan (Broadoun's granddaughter).
However, Dharmabala's life expectancy was too short, and in 1287, while passing through Zhuwu in Kham District (present-day Luhuo County, Ganzi Prefecture, Sichuan), he died suddenly at the age of 20.
At the time of his death, Dharmabala left no man and half woman, and for the next 18 years, the throne of Sakya was held by a senior monk of the Non-Lang clan.
Escrow is obviously not a long-term solution, and Lang Shi, as the founder of the Sakya sect, has hidden the prestige of the Heavenly Son in the sect, and the leader who is not his bloodline always feels a little bit worse.
Therefore, the forces within the church continued to go to Beijing to request, and Yuan Chengzong Timur (Kublai Khan's grandson) finally agreed to recall his grandfather from exile to Dani Chinpo Sangpobe in Hangzhou.
This direct descendant of the Lang clan, who was instigated by his predecessor Ben Chin, fought with Dharmabala, which led to the Gongga Sambu Rebellion, and Kublai Khan exiled him in a fit of rage.
Unexpectedly, in the rainy climate of Jiangnan, he actually insisted on surviving, and also married a Han wife and gave birth to a son.
After meeting the emperor, Timur rewarded him with a large amount of money and encouraged him to marry more wives and have children for the country. Thus, Dani Chinpo Sangpobe was instructed to give birth to a baby, married 6 more wives, and gave birth to many children. [1]
In 1298 (the Year of the Wooden Dog in the Tibetan Calendar), the 37-year-old Dani Chinpo Sangpobe returned to Sakya, ending a 16-year exile.
However, because he had lived in Jiangnan for a long time, his Buddhist attainments were relatively shallow, and in addition to giving birth to babies, he also practiced asceticism in Sakya retreats.
You know, the Sakya sect is equivalent to the local government of Tibet and is a religious group full of secular rights. The struggle for power has never been an individual struggle, but a dead end between one group of people and another group of people.
In 1314, Dani Chinpo Sangpobe died, and his son Kalok Tsang Gyaltsen succeeded to the throne. But as the half-brothers grew up, the family infighting became a daily drama, and the little brothers all formed gangs to support their own forces.
As an "Imperial Master", Garo Chai Gyaltsen was extremely saddened, no matter how he was a blood compatriot, still within a sect, he could not kill the killer.
In the end, he decided to follow the tibetan tradition and let the fledgling brothers develop separately.
This practice of splitting the land and sealing the king has appeared many times in the history of Tibet.
Of course, the Sakya division of the four great racha chapters cannot be counted as "feudal", but only as a division of families.
Although this practice of sharing rights avoids the situation of fratricide, it can only be regarded as drinking and quenching thirst.
Because the separation of powers cannot solve the old grudges between the various forces, the blood relationship will gradually fade in the future, and the dispute will inevitably recur.
In addition, after the separation of powers, small groups of independent parties are formed, and there is no way to speak with one voice, and the division of the alliance is only a matter of time.
The political rules of the Central Plains have gone from the alliance of many feudals to the dictatorship of the vertical management of the county system, which is to manage the needs of the country, not how cool and crooked it is to kill the brothers.
Each of the four major racha chapters divided by Kalok Tsang is equivalent to a sub-regime, each with land, pasture, livestock, and subjects, with a certain degree of independence.
Soon, the three Lazhangs of Szyôt, Rinchengang, and Lakon were extinct, and the Sakya Monastery was presided over by members of the Duchora Chapter.
However, the internal part of the Duchala chapter was also unstable, and internally it split into two factions, the Phuntsola and the Dolmala, and the later Sakya faction was controlled by these two forces in turn. [2]
The division of the four great chapters marks the division of the Sakya regime.
In order to balance the rights of the church, a council (decision council) was set up under the Sakya Dharma Seat to discuss major matters involving the whole.
However, the political structure of this parliamentary system often presents a paralyzed state of inconclusiveness due to the uneven demands of various forces. As the supreme leader, Sakya Dharma is incapable of leaving others to transform on their own.
As a result, the determination and execution of the Sakya regime rapidly weakened, many events that required rapid response were delayed for a long time, and the credibility of the sect began to decline.
The Sakya regime soared with the mongols in its tail, but the Yuan Dynasty was the shortest of China's great unified dynasties.
Because of the problem of their own national character, the Mongols were very rough in their governance, and the Central Plains were all managed in a mess, and the Sakya sect could not count on the Mongols to help out any good remedies.
In addition, the Yuan Dynasty's long-standing policy of "exclusive Sakya" did indeed give the Sakya sect an unparalleled honor, and local affairs in Tibet were almost decided.
But the problem is that a dominant and negative, unchecked form of government has caused many Sakya monks to quickly degenerate after enjoying luxury.
"Absolute power inevitably leads to absolute corruption," is a naked human torture that even monks are not exempt from.
Many historical sources describe it,[3]
If it is just a layman, it is still quite acceptable, but some people's bad deeds are outrageous.
The Western monks forcibly sold goods, not to mention, and also gathered crowds to storm the official court and beat and detain the imperial court officials, and the final result was to obtain pardon and exoneration.
If you think this is unbelievable, the following paragraph is estimated to refresh the three views!
You see that beating the official is a woolen thread, the western monk does not even have a bird, crashing into the car, speaking foul language, beating the princess, this crime is placed in other dynasties, the sentence is more and more light, make a crime of rebellion, the nine tribes are not excessive.
However, the XuanzhengYuan was leveled again, and in turn, the person who helped the fist was sentenced to chopping his hands and cutting his tongue. How can such a naked double standard not encourage the arrogance of Tibetan monks?
According to the line, people are typical "there are people above", how can a "good messenger" get it?
Even more intolerable was the monk Yang Zhenjia, who was a disciple of Bashipa and favored by Kublai Khan. In 1285 (to the 22nd year of the Yuan Dynasty), he was promoted to the presidency of the Shu sect of Jiangnan and was in charge of the affairs of Buddhism in Jiangnan.
During his reign in Jiangnan, he excavated the imperial tombs of the Southern Song Dynasty, searched for funeral treasures, and violently died in the wild.
Because the king of the Southern Song Dynasty used mercury to keep the corpse from decaying, he hung the remains of the clan upside down on a wooden pillar, drained the mercury in his abdomen, and also used the skull of Zhao Yun of Song Lizong as a magic instrument, which is said to be because Zhao Yun's head was particularly large.
Even so, the people's resentment was boiling, but Yang Lian Zhenjia still did a good job, until he was involved in the Sange case before he was arrested and imprisoned, but it was only a matter of dismissal and punishment.
It can be seen that the Mongols did not care about him digging graves at all, and the dismissal was only because he was on the wrong side.
The Tibetan monks in the Central Plains are so arrogant, it is estimated that the Sakya monks in Tibet are not much better, after all, they are all carbon-based creatures.
In fact, in the middle of the Yuan Dynasty, the rapid degeneration of the Sakya sect was perceived, and the central government sent a large number of judges to Tibet to deal with various disputes. It's just that these judges are heavily inclined to the Sakyas when it comes to adjudication, and they don't solve the problem very well.
At the same time, the Yuan Dynasty also began to take care of itself, and the two brothers raced to the cliff without hesitation.
However, the Yuan Dynasty made some adjustments to Tibetan affairs, and they began to revise the policy of "exclusive Sakya", which was somewhat inclined to another rapidly rising sect, the Padua Kagyu.
The fine-tuning of the direction of the Yuan Dynasty is a slap in the face of the Sakya sect.
At this time, the Sakya regime had entered a dead cycle that could not be adjusted, not to mention that the one-handed sky bomb suppressed all of Tibet, and the contradictions within the church could not be balanced.
When Kawa Sambu was doing Sakya Ben chin, he was actually arrested and imprisoned by his own people, so that he was forced to ask the pazhu chieftain, Tak Qu Gyaltsen, to lead troops to rescue him.
The contradictions within the sect all need to be quelled by external forces, and the balloon that Sakya has been holding out for decades has leaked.
In the years that followed, Paju Kagyu continued to win wars, and the son of Kawa Sambhu simply gave the right to administer Sakya Monastery to Tak chu Gyaltsen.
The Pamujupa regime began to appoint officials, garrisoned by 200 men, and confiscated the Great Seal of the last Sakya Benchin.
At this point, the local government of Sakya, which began in the hands of Ba Si Pa, was completely overthrown, lasting 93 years. The Sakya region also fell from its position as the political and economic center of Tibet and once again became a remote place in the post-Tibet region.
In 1358, the Yuan Dynasty enfeoffed Qu Gyaltsen as the Great Situ and at the same time as the "Vajrayana Dharma King", that is, the first Banzha Dharma King ("Choji Banza", "Chogyi" is the Dharma King, "Banza" is the Vajra).
The Tiger Button Seal and Seal given by Emperor YuanShun marked that the unborn Tibetan leader had taken over the local administration of Tibet.
Since then, the history of Tibet has entered the era of the Pamuzhupa regime.
The small series of "The Dazzling Age of the Sakya Sect" has come to an end, but the large series of "The Era of The Tibetan Sect" is still long, and the following series will be used "The Glory and Fall of Pamu Zhupa" to tell the ups and downs of another sectarian regime.
bibliography:
[1] [2], "The Rise and Fall of the Sakya Dynasty" __ Dan Qu;
[3], "A Brief Discussion on the Sakya School of Tibetan Buddhism in the Yuan Dynasty"_Chen Qingying;
[4], "Exploration of the Imperial Teacher System of the Yuan Dynasty and Its Influence on the Politics of the Yuan Dynasty"_Gong Guangming
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