Looking at the door means that when fleeing or running, when you see someone from home, you will go to sleep and seek temporary survival. Later generally refers to the situation of cangxi, too late to choose the place to live, from the "Book of later Han • Zhang Jian's biography": "Frugality has to die, trapped and forced to run away, looking at the door to stop, do not repeat his name, and break the family compatibility." ”
Zhang Jian, a prominent scholar during the Eastern Han Dynasty, emperor Huan of Han, invited Zhang Jian to serve as the governor of the eastern region (an official who proclaimed government decrees and justice under the Taishou). At that time, the family of the eunuch Hou Lan was brutal and lawless. Zhang Jian exposed the sins of Hou Lan and his mother and asked the imperial court to execute them. Hou Lan pressed Zhang Jian's chapter up, but Emperor Huan did not see it, and from then on Hou Lan wrote down Zhang Jian's name.
As the saying goes, it is never too late for a villain to take revenge. Zhang Jian's fellow countryman Zhu He, who was more despicable and shameless, Zhang Jian looked down on him very much from the surface, and Zhu Jian also wrote down Zhang Jian from then on, when the disaster of the party at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty (we will explain in detail later) arose, zhu and wrote a letter falsely accusing Zhang Jian of being a friend of twenty-four people in the same township in an attempt to endanger the country. At that time, as long as the two words of the party were mentioned, the eunuchs and the emperor were going to kill them quickly, and Hou Lan instigated the imperial court to order the arrest of Zhang Jian, and Zhang Jian was forced into exile.
When Zhang Jian fled, he looked at the door and stopped, and whenever he saw the door of the people's home, he turned to ask for shelter. At that time, people had great respect for the moral model, and they also paid great attention to their own reputation, and everyone would rather risk the destruction of their family to take him in. Zhang Jian and Kong Bao are old friends, when he went to join Kong Bao, he happened to meet Kong Bao was not at home, Kong Bao's younger brother Kong Rong was only sixteen years old, it was the male protagonist of the famous allusion Kong Rong to let the pear, and he took it upon himself to hide Zhang Jian at home. Later, the matter was leaked, and although Zhang Jian was able to escape, Kong Bao and Kong Rong were arrested, and everyone did not know who should be sentenced to sit for the crime? Kong Rong said: "It is Zhang Jian who hid it on my own initiative, and I should sit on the guilt." Kong Bao said, "Zhang Jian came to run to me, and he should not punish my brother." Their mother said, "I should be responsible for the affairs of the family, and I will be killed." "The government could not rule, so it reported it to the imperial court." Emperor Ling issued an edict and killed Kong Bao.
Since Zhang Jian fled, more than a dozen people have been murdered by the government for harboring and sheltering him, and almost all over the country have been arrested and interrogated, and their relatives have also been exterminated at the same time, and even some counties and counties have been destroyed because of this. This Zhang Jian actually lived to be eighty-four years old, and at that time, a man named Xia Fu was dismissive of Zhang Jian's behavior, saying that if one person escaped for his life, so many people suffered disasters, why should he live.
Compared with those celebrities in the disaster of the party who are vying to die for their ideals, Zhang Jian did do something a little shameful, although fleeing for his life is the instinct of human survival, but if he implicates many people because of himself, it will be too unjust. Perhaps later Zhang Jian's heart was not willing to go, when Emperor Xian of Han ascended the throne, due to years of war and famine, Zhang Jian's family was still relatively rich, so he took out all his property to save many people.
Later, when the door was stopped, when fleeing or running, when he saw someone's family, he went to stay and asked for temporary survival. The latter generally refers to the situation of warehouse sudden, too late to choose the place to live.
Maybe everyone will think that the people at that time were incredible, sacrificing so many people for one person, how could those ordinary people be so stupid? In fact, this is not a rare phenomenon in the Eastern Han Dynasty, and if we talk about the scourge of the Party at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, everyone may understand it. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, after Emperor Zhang of Han, foreign relatives began to take power, they deposed the elderly emperor, established a young emperor, resulting in a lot of doll emperors in the Eastern Han Dynasty, and the monopoly of foreign relatives led to the emperor becoming the actual rag doll, but the ministers in the imperial court were all henchmen of foreign relatives, and when it came to Emperor Huan of Han, the foreign relative Liang Ji controlled the government with the support of Empress Liang, what about Liang Ji? Very arbitrary, the imperial court no matter how big or small he decided, after the promotion of officials must go to his home to kowtow to Xie En, the local tribute, to give the superior to Liang Ji, and then it was the turn of Emperor Huan of Han to use, grasp the actual power if you can do something good is not bad, but this Liang Ji looted the people's wealth, luxury houses and luxury cars are constantly built and bought, people are still very cruel and greedy, there is a merchant from the Western Regions, to Luoyang to do business. Accidentally killing a rabbit of the Liang family, the result angered Liang Ji, not only killed the businessman to pay for his own rabbit, but also blamed him, and finally implicated in the execution of more than ten people. He also arranged his two sisters at the side of Emperor Huan of Han, saying that they were waiting, but in fact, they were used for his own surveillance video.
In the end, the anger in Emperor Huan's heart finally could not bear it, and looking around, only the eunuchs who accompanied him every day could rely on, and when he went to the toilet once, he secretly called out the eunuchs around him to exchange opinions with each other, and reached an agreement, that is, to find the eunuchs who usually had a vendetta against Liang Ji, and everyone killed the eunuch with the surname Liang. In the end, Emperor Huan of Han was surprised and killed the entire family of Liang Ji, and hundreds of people were deposed in the imperial court.
What if there is no minister at work? The reuse of official eunuchs and the sealing of the five main eunuchs who participated in the murder of Liang Ji at that time were the famous "Five Marquises". If Emperor Huan of Han, like Kangxi, used the people around him to eliminate political enemies, he could exert himself to rule, and there was nothing wrong with it, but this guy had been suppressed for too long under Liang Ji, and his heart gradually became perverted, and after having the power to do whatever he wanted, he released the repression on the body of the beautiful woman and began his life of swimming in the ocean of beautiful women. The large-scale conscription of beautiful women into the palace, the number of harem concubines reached five or six thousand, and it was absolutely possible to dominate the martial arts in the world at that time.
Five or six thousand beautiful women, one a day, will take more than ten years to enjoy. Simple Luck has made him lose his fun, the excitement point is gone, so playing women play a lot of new tricks, once even put the front and back of the palace beauty all gathered together, ordered them to strip naked, let their favorites and their concubines have a grand intimate contact, he is holding a wine glass while enjoying, but also laughs from time to time, such a unique preference is carried forward by little Japan, with the rapid development of Japanese small video movies, if the Han Huan Emperor is the male protagonist, it must sell well all over the world.
Such a Han Huan Emperor will certainly not do anything politically, nor can he be a good emperor, the eunuchs watch the boss change women every day, there is no time to deal with government affairs, they smile and do the work. And these people are also estimated to be because they have been cut off the most important parts of their bodies, and their hearts are extremely depressed and inferior, how to release it? Then they satisfies their selfish desires in other respects, develops their minions, and is placed in central and local institutions at all levels, and other learned and skilled people are not appointed. There are many people who nod their heads like dogs, make up for their inner inferiority, corrupt and extravagant, build mansions, fish and flesh people, and treat those who do not obey them in a brutal way, so that others can also taste the taste of being cut. According to statistics, the eunuchs forcibly seized 118 hectares of civil land and 318 residences before and after the visit, and built 16 large-scale residences imitating the imperial palace.
Such a court naturally aroused strong dissatisfaction among upright people and the people of the world. In the Tai students (students of the official government universities of the Han Dynasty, because the Eastern Han Dynasty Guangwu Emperor vigorously promoted, Taixue large-scale expansion, the Han Huan Emperor period of the Tai students have reached more than 30,000 people, at the beginning, only the children of powerful landlords can enter the Taixue, and later many children of the small and medium-sized landlord class also entered the Taixue study, and accounted for the majority) there was the famous phenomenon of "Qing discussion", that is, to point out the Jiangshan to stimulate the text, comment on current affairs and politics and court figures, open up focus interviews, news 1 + 1, news deep breathing and other columns. Attempts to change the political situation through qing deliberations, opposing the monopoly of eunuchs, especially eunuchs, in order to save the Eastern Han Dynasty in crisis, became a model of public opinion supervision.
In 153, the eunuch Zhao Zhong returned to anping in Jizhou (冀州, in modern JiXian County, Hebei) to bury his father, and the funeral was beyond the norm. When Jizhou Assassin Shi Zhumu learned of this, he immediately ordered someone to dig up the grave and open the coffin for inspection, and sure enough, many illegal funerary items were seized. Zhu Mu then ordered the arrest and imprisonment of the relevant persons. Zhao Zhong sued Zhu Mu in front of Emperor Huan. Emperor Huan listened to Zhao Zhong's words and ordered Zhu Mu to be removed from his post and punished with hard labor. This incident caused strong dissatisfaction among the tai students, in order to rescue Zhu Mu, thousands of tai students came to the palace gate to petition, the Eastern Han Dynasty because the Guangwu Emperor attached importance to the literati and Confucians, the control of public opinion on the literati was not very strict, if under Zhu Yuanzhang's hands, before they arrived at the palace, these heads would be broken. These eunuchs also wrote to the emperor denouncing the various crimes of the eunuchs and expressing their willingness to punish Zhu Mu on his behalf. Under the pressure of public opinion, Emperor Huan had to release Zhu Mu.
In 162 AD, the eunuch Xu Huang and others framed emperor Fugui, who had made meritorious contributions to the Qiang people, and wanted to send him to prison and do hard work. More than two hundred tai students once again came to the gate of the imperial palace to petition, and Emperor Huan was forced to pardon the emperor's rules.
Emperor Huan of Han himself was a person who was a little perverted because of his repression, he had just found a release channel for beautiful women, and he was suppressed by the public opinion of the students, and his heart was gradually unbalanced, looking for the opportunity to open a knife and ask for guilt.
In addition to their criticism of disgraceful behavior and characters, these tai students also praised and praised those upright ministers and celebrities, at that time, Li Yi, Chen Fan, Wang Chang and others were respected by the 30,000 tai students led by Guo Tai, and the praise of "Li Yuanli, the model of the world, not afraid of Chen Zhongju, the world's handsome Wang Shumao" was praised. The whole society has formed a positive and upward atmosphere, worshipping moral models and upright behavior, attaching importance to the mighty and indomitable, the rich and noble cannot be obscene, even if they kill their heads, they are not willing to destroy their reputations, and gradually formed the spirit of the scholar and doctor among the literati, and the ordinary people of the people have formed a kind of atmosphere of paying attention to integrity and advocating moral cultivation under the guidance of the public opinion of the students, so so many people are willing to sacrifice their lives for Zhang Jian.
At that time, the students were not lonely, and many upright ministers and foreign relatives also sided with them. At that time, Li Bing, a lieutenant colonel (who supervised the secret inspectors of the Capital Division and the surrounding areas of the capital), became an idol of the Tai students because of his strict law enforcement.
At that time, the younger brother of the eunuch Zhang Rang, Zhang Shuo, became the county commander of Yewang County (present-day Qinyang, Henan), this person was very cruel and unkind, once drunk and crazy, people playing drunk crazy is just talking nonsense, he took a knife, saw a pregnant woman's belly is quite large, want to see what kind of child is in the stomach, kill pregnant women in public, take out the size of the fetus. At that time, Yewang County was under the jurisdiction of Li Bing, and he was furious and must punish Zhang Shuo. Zhang Shuo abandoned his official position and fled back to the home of his brother Zhang Rang in Luoyang, who let him hide in a small dark room.
Li Bing was a hard bone, not afraid of anything, led the soldiers to arrest people, after the interrogation, immediately ordered Zhang Shuo to be summarily executed. Zhang Rang could not have offspring, and now that his brother is gone, he ran to Emperor Huan of Han with a handful of snot and a handful of tears, and Emperor Huan of Han invited Li Huan to ask him about the crime, and Li Huan made a generous statement, so that Emperor Huan of Han was speechless, and could only say that Comrade Xiao Li did not do anything wrong, your brother killed someone, what do I take to save you? From then on, those little eunuchs were afraid of Li Bing, afraid that he would catch him.
Chen Fan initially served in the county, and was elected as a filial piety and a langzhong. Liang Ji, who was in power for a while, sent someone to send a letter to Chen Fan, wanting to ask Chen Fan to do some personal affairs for himself, this should be placed in the ordinary people, it must be impossible to ask, usually want to pat the horse's ass do not know where to shoot, now send it to the door, how many people will be happy to blossom. However, Chen Fan resolutely refused to do it, and also beat up the messenger and was demoted to a small county order. Later, because of his good reputation, he was promoted to Shangshu (equivalent to the ministers of various departments), and because he dared to speak out, he offended the eunuchs and was demoted to Yuzhang Taishou. Because the Eastern Han Dynasty did not have a imperial examination, being an official often depended on connections, or on your prestige in the people, and it was precisely in this way that Chen Fan was soon promoted to Dahongxun (in charge of the affairs of the princes and vassal states), Guangluxun (the general consular palace affairs, you can also be the emperor's staff), when appointing officials, never favored the powerful, the sons of the rich must not do it, and later they were framed by the children of the giants and were deposed and returned home. Later, he was promoted all the way to Taiwei, and when the emperor made him a taiwei, he also resolutely recommended others to do it, saying that his ability was not as good as Wang Chang, Li Bing, and so on. Judging from Chen Fan's experience and deeds, he is indeed a frank gentleman, and he is very disciplined, disregarding his official position for justice, so he has become a superstar in the hearts of tens of thousands of students and ordinary people with Li Bing and others, that is the real idol, not spending money to hire a sought-after wait at the station and airport, shouting loudly, "Wow, so handsome, we love you!" And other slogans are admiration from the heart.
At this time, Emperor Huan of Han was definitely not happy, and asked the vast earth, who will worship me? The eunuch answered: I come! So the emperor was like getting a sister. On the one hand, the comments of the students and the growing prestige of the celebrities led to the loss of the emperor and the fear of the eunuchs, so the eunuchs and the emperor were extremely depressed in their hearts, actively looking for opportunities to repair these people, and once people wanted to find trouble for you, they would soon be able to find them, because no one is perfect, even if they are perfect, they can give you a hat.
The fuse of the first party curse broke out. There was a fortune-teller in Nei County (present-day Wufang, Henan), named Zhang Cheng, who usually called those eunuchs brothers and brothers, and once in the process of chatting, he knew that in the near future, the imperial court would want a general amnesty, and once the amnesty was granted, ordinary murderers would also be released, so he asked his son to find someone to kill, and it was estimated that the people who were killed had contradictions with their families. But others were not as good as heavenly calculations, and he did not expect to meet Li Bing, who was soft and hard and did not eat, and Li Bing disregarded Emperor Huan's pardon and executed Zhang Cheng's father and son according to law. The eunuch saw that this Li Bing had deceived people too much, disregarded the emperor's order to pardon the world, killed the little brother he had cultivated over the years, and the new hatred and old hatred poured into his heart, and he did not stop doing two things, simply a pot, so he took turns to slander in front of the emperor, add oil and vinegar, accuse Li Bing and others of privately raising too many students and local students, colluding with each other, and also making friends with many capable people and strangers in the folk, with great influence, making friends with the party, slandering the imperial court, not paying attention to Your Majesty at all, and it was like stirring up the folk customs with a stick Is it Li Bing who is in this world, or your majesty yours?
The anger that Emperor Huan had been buried in his heart for a long time finally burst out, and now these did not even listen to my orders, and they would be repaid later. So he ordered a heavy reward to search for the party members throughout the country, Li Bing and others were arrested and imprisoned, and at the same time implicated Chen Yu and more than two hundred other people, and for a while there was a bloody rain, but these so-called party members (in fact, they cannot be said to be friends, everyone only came together because of common values) showed extreme heroism, truly achieved mighty and indomitable, and also set an example for the literati of later generations, and injected extremely noble blood into the spirit of the Chinese nation.
At that time, Chen Huan was still just a student, because he was classified as a party member because of his great reputation, and some people advised him to flee quickly, but he replied very calmly: "I can't escape, I fled, everyone's courage will not be so strong, and there will be many people who are afraid of those dark forces." "After saying that, I packed my clothes and went to surrender myself." The Duliao general Huang Fugui, who had been rescued by tai students, was ashamed that he was not included in the party's list, and took the initiative to write a letter asking for his arrest.
At that time, there was an official named Fan Huan, who was falsely accused of forming a party with the party members, was arrested and imprisoned, and the prison guard was ready to torture the prisoners, Fan Huan, because most of the people he was locked up with at that time were sick, so he asked him to be tortured first, and in the face of the Zhongchang waiter Wang Fu interrogated the prisoners in turn, this Wang Fu was also a eunuch, but the eunuch also wanted good people, such as Cai Lun and so on. Wang Fu asked, as a courtier of the monarch, you do not want to be loyal to the country, but together you form a private party, praise and elect each other, comment on the politics of the imperial court, fabricate incidents out of thin air, and all the conspiracies and deeds are what you want to do. Fan Huan replied that good people can gather together to make the country more clear, but also to set a good example for the people of the world, do not become villains, ancient people can do good deeds to seek more happiness for themselves, today's people do good deeds but they have to be killed, killed, I do not live up to heaven, nor do I live up to the people, how to die! Wang Fu was impressed by the quality of him and others, and did not serve with a large punishment. Later, after the disaster of the party, Fan Huan and others were released to return to their hometowns, and along the way, everyone spontaneously organized together to welcome Fan Huan and others in the middle of the road, and Fan Huan became famous all over the world.
Some people may think that these people are really stupid, it is better to die than to live, but have you ever thought about it, if you face injustice, face darkness, everyone is not willing to stand up and raise their arms, they all regard forbearance and caution as the wisdom of survival, can the Chinese nation continue for so long? If you don't have courage, when the foreign tribes invaded, when Japan came in, it didn't matter, they all felt that it didn't matter, it was better to die than to live! Attacking current politics, do you see whether what he is attacking is justified, whether he has selfish intentions, whether he has changed his ambitions when he is hit, whether there are differences in appearance, if they are all upright remarks, why not let him criticize it? Can a country's dynasty fall because of criticism?
With the petition of the eunuch Chen Fan and the upright Waiwei Dou Wu and others, under the pressure of many public opinions, Emperor Huan of Han had to release the party members, but he registered the names of the party members in the book, and imprisoned the party members for life, that is, they were not allowed to come out as officials for a lifetime, Chen Fan was demoted again, and the first disaster of the party was finally ended without bloodshed and sacrifice.
In 167 AD, the thirty-six-year-old Emperor Huan of Han cried out for his life because of excessive indulgence, and the number of wives was proud of the entire earth at that time, but Emperor Huan of Han gave birth to a son, and his cousin Dou Set Liu Hong as the heir to the throne, for the Emperor of Han Ling, this Liu Hong died very early, lack of discipline, although not the han Huan Emperor himself, but completely inherited the absurdity and shamelessness of the Han Huan Emperor, but also pushed the fornication to the peak, this guy should be called the king in Japan, so as to find the direction of life. Liu Hong ordered people to build a thousand houses, after some special decoration, the Han Dynasty Imperial Palace of Dongguan a street opened, picked up countless guests, but there is only one guest, that is, the Han Ling Emperor, in order to save time, Liu Hong ordered the palace women to strip naked, at any time lucky, sometimes they also stripped off their clothes, followed these girls to play and play, really did with the people, and also gave the place a name - naked swimming hall.
It is conceivable that under such an emperor, the eunuchs are even more unscrupulous, as long as they offer a lot of beautiful women, the emperor will not care about anything, the politics will be more corrupt, and the people will not have a good life.
Because of her meritorious service in supporting Emperor Ling of Han, Empress Dou was honored as empress dowager, and her righteous cousin Dou Wu was appointed as a great general because she was the father of the empress dowager, and under Dou Wu's recommendation, Chen Fan was again appointed as a lieutenant, and the famous soldiers Li Bing and Du Mi were re-employed.
These people summed up the lessons of the first disaster of the party and found that if these eunuchs were not removed, the country would not have a good life, so they discussed asking Empress Dou to get rid of these eunuchs, but these celebrities lacked experience in the struggle, and they did not understand the principle of power in the barrel of a gun, plus they were accidentally stolen by the eunuchs. Together with the emperor's grandmother, Zhao Liao, he deceived Emperor Hanling, who wandered into gentle townships every night, kidnapped Empress Dou, falsely issued edicts, and hunted down Dou Wu, Chen Fan, and others.
When Chen Fan, who was more than seventy years old, heard the news, he did not have the slightest fear, and led more than eighty soldiers and students in the Taiwei Mansion to draw their swords and rush into the palace together, facing the enemy, there were not enough swords and guns, and courage alone was not enough, and finally Chen Fan was arrested, tortured, and died in prison. Chen Fan's friend Zhu Zhen was a small county order at the time, and when he heard the news, the officials did not want to, and buried Chen Fan in tears, and hid Chen Fan's son Chen Yi, and later the eunuch found out that all kinds of torture were used to arrest Zhu Zhen, and Zhu Zhen never said where Chen Yi was hiding, leaving Chen Fan with a descendant.
In the Eastern Han Dynasty, everyone regarded reputation very seriously, although many people deliberately raised their reputation in order to seek officials, this practice made Chinese go to two extremes, one is to seek officials, pay special attention to interpersonal relations, people with ulterior motives are particularly hypocritical, so there are many superficial benevolence and morality, people with dirty hearts, and finally hypocrisy has become a habit, feeling that it is an advantage, so as not daring to expose their shortcomings in broad daylight, framing others behind their backs, and even killing people with knives. The second is to regard reputation as life, and over time, the emphasis on temperance and justice, the loss of discipline as a shame, the sincerity of the heart, the consistency of appearance, is no longer in a low-level state of using fame to elevate oneself, and society has gradually formed a correct value because of the righteous acts of these upright people, criticism of ugliness, admiration for models, in the face of the danger of the country and the nation, you can stand up and shout, sacrifice yourself to maintain social fairness and justice, so that the spirit of the Chinese nation will not be castrated.
After Chen Fan's death, the general Dou Wu raised an army to fight, and the eunuch falsely issued an edict ordering the Hu Ben army (equivalent to the special forces team protecting the emperor) and the Yulin army to attack Dou Wu together. Dou Wu was surrounded by a flood, helpless to commit suicide, many of his clan relatives and guests were wiped out of the Nine Tribes, Dou Wu's subordinate Hu Teng risked his life to mourn Dou Wu, and hid Dou Wu's two-year-old grandson, so that the blood of the Dou Wu family had been inherited.
The eunuch clique saw that this opportunity was rare, so they expanded the results of the battle, like the Han Ling Emperor entered the rumors, framed a group of upright people related to Dou Wu Chen Fan (in fact, people who did not want to be with the eunuchs) and wanted to rebel, so the imperial court ordered an investigation, Li Bing, Du Mi, Fan Huan and more than a hundred other people were imprisoned and executed, Zhang Jian, who had offended the eunuchs, fled, wangmen surrendered, and later arrested, killed, exiled, and imprisoned in various places, reaching six or seven hundred.
Before Li Bing was arrested, others advised him to flee quickly, but he said that when things happened, he could not be afraid of danger, I was in my sixties, how could I go away, involving others, taking the initiative to throw himself into prison, generously dying, and proving his words and deeds with his life.
When Fan Huan was arrested, Ru Nan County ordered Guo Yi to hear that Hou Guan had not done anything, and was ready to abandon the official and flee with Fan Huan. Fan Huan said: The disaster is over when I die, how dare I bother you? Fan Huan said goodbye to his mother, and Fan Mu said to Fan Huan, "You can be on a par with Li Ping and other celebrities in the world today, and there is no regret when you die!" ”
Eight years later, Yongchang Taishou Cao Luan wrote a letter to the "party members" and demanded that the imprisonment be lifted, but emperor Ling not only did not listen, but instead captured and executed Cao Luan. If these so-called party members were allowed to take power, could the Han Ling Emperor still unscrupulously delve into the academic issues of nudity and nude swimming? Therefore, he simply issued an edict that all party protégés, former officials, fathers and sons, and brothers who served as officials would be dismissed, imprisoned for life, and implicated in the five ethnic groups. The scope of the party has expanded, affecting more innocent people.
Later, the Yellow Turban Rebellion, the Han Ling Emperor was afraid that the Party members would rebel with the Yellow Turban, and he granted amnesty to the world and exempted many Party members from imprisonment. It was not until after the death of Emperor Hanling that Yuan Shao led his troops into the imperial palace and killed all the eunuchs, which ended the long-term monopoly of foreign eunuchs, which is the famous Rebellion of the Ten Constant Attendants in history.
After the seeds of justice were slaughtered, the Eastern Han dynasty also went to extinction. (If you like my work, please pay attention to this content from the author's signed work on Douban, "Shake hands with the ancient Kaoba")