Author: Xu Yunhui
▲Dou Rong stills
Liu Xiu declared the empress dowager the capital of Luoyang and ambitiously launched a unification war. After he destroyed Chimei, The King of Liang, and Pingguandong, because "Hexi became rich and the land was connected to Long and Shu", he intended to recruit Dou Rong, the king of the northwest who dominated the five counties of Hexi, and join forces against Longyou Kui and Gongsun Shu of Shudi. Therefore, he sent a special envoy to Hexi and extended an olive branch to Dou Rong.
Dou Rong never harbored the heart of supporting the army to divide the territory, and as early as he learned that Liu Xiu was called emperor, he "wanted to go east", so he sternly refused Kui Huan's suggestion to "join forces with Long and Shu" to deal with Liu Xiu, and resolutely "decided to go east" and "sent the governor Shi Liu Jun to offer horses." The envoys of the two sides met unexpectedly on the way and returned to Luoyang together.
Liu Xiu received Dou Rong's envoys with high standards, "giving the Seal book", and highly praised Dou Rong for "guarding the five counties of Laozhen, with strong soldiers and horses, warehouses, and rich people, on the outside, Qiang hu, and inside the people blessed." "Specially given two hundred catties of gold," because of the conferral of Rong rong as Liangzhou pastor. ”
Dou Rong returned to the Han dynasty and has been known through the ages.
▲Ying-ying image
(1) Dominate the northwest
Dou Rong was a native of Fufeng Pingling (present-day Xianyang, Shaanxi Province) and came from a noble family. He was familiar with the customs and customs of Hexi because "his grandfather tasted zhangye taishou, from his grandfather to a lieutenant of the Qiang guards, from his brother to Wuwei Taishou, who has been in Hexi for generations". During Wang Mang's new dynasty, Dou Rong was awarded the title of Baron of Jianwu for his military merits, and the whole family moved to Chang'an. He devoted himself to serving his mother and brother, raising his younger brother, and was well known for his "inner practice of righteousness".
In the last years of the new dynasty, the rebel army was in full swing. After the fall of the new dynasty, Dou Rong led his troops to surrender to the Gengshi Emperor, who was supported by the Green Forest Army, and was appointed as a lieutenant and a giant deer Taishou.
Dou Rong firmly believed that "the safety of the world is unknown, Hexi is rich, the river is solid, Zhangye belongs to the elite soldiers of the state, once the emergency is delayed, put an end to Hejin, enough to defend itself." Therefore, he "resigned from julu" and became the "capital of Zhangye (the highest military and political chief of the subordinate country)" as he wished. After Dou Rong took his family to Zhangye to take office, he led the people of Hexi to "repair soldiers and horses, learn to shoot in battle", resist the Qiang and Xiongnu, threaten the northwest, and govern Hexi to "be close to each other from top to bottom, and prosperous and prosperous." Dou Rong's fame was greatly enhanced, "respected by people", and was collectively elected by the five counties of Hexi as a great general in charge of the five counties, becoming the king of the northwest who dominated the side.
After the First Emperor was killed by the Chimei Army, the world was in chaos. Dou Rong judged the situation and adopted the policy of watching the times change according to the northwest self-preservation, and finally conformed to the people's will and led his troops to submit to Liu Xiu.
▲Liu Xiu stills
(2) Courage to extinguish the hustle and bustle
After Dou Rong returned to Han, he deliberately repaired the book and angrily rebuked Kui Huan for being a mantis arm for disregarding the living beings, and persuaded him to return to Liu Xiu. Because Kui Huan ignored it and stubbornly persisted, Dou Rong, in order to relieve Liu Xiu's worries, resolutely led the five counties to guard the fierce army and horses, and Shangshu requested to conquer Kui Huan.
Liu Xiu's loyalty to him was "deeply Jia Meizhi", replying that "the thieves in present-day Kanto have been determined", and the Han army will make a large-scale conquest of Kui Huan, instructing Dou Rong to do a good job of war preparations and move westward with the imperial army. Dou Rong "entered the Golden City with the guards of the counties" and won a great victory of "decapitating more than a thousand ranks, obtaining ten thousand heads of cattle, horses, and sheep, and tens of thousands of valleys". Due to weather and other reasons, the Han army failed to meet Dou Rong's troops several times. Dou Rong was so worried that he asked Liu Xiu not to miss the opportunity and quickly attack Kui Huan.
Liu Xiu greatly appreciated his loyalty and decided to personally conquer Kui Huan. Dou Rong "led the Five Counties Taishou and the Qiangyu Xiaoyue Clan to ride tens of thousands of steps, weighing more than 5,000 taels, and met with the army." "Liu Xiu held a banquet," introduced Rong, and waited for a special gift. Dou Rong led the Northwest Army to fight side by side with the Central Army, fighting a battle in which Kui Huan "collapsed and the city fell" and completely eliminated the Kui Hu clique. Liu Xiu daxi, "issued an edict to make the four counties of Anfeng, Yangquan, Tate, and Anfeng the Marquis of Anfeng", and made his brother Dou You the Marquis of Xianqin, and the general of the five counties as a prince according to his merits.
▲Portrait of Liu Xiu
(3) Retirement after achievement
Dou Rong, because of his "brotherhood and knighthood", and the high reputation accumulated by his long-term operation in the northwest, "feared that he would not be at ease", repeatedly wrote to request resignation. Liu Xiu tried his best to retain it, saying that "I and the general are like the left and right hands and ears", so that he continued to "encourage the soldiers and the people" to command the Northwest Army. After the Han army pacified Gongsun Shu of Shudi, Liu Xiu "commanded Dou Rong and the Five Counties Taishou to enter the dynasty. Dou Rong and others followed the edict and led more than a thousand cars and countless cattle and sheep into Beijing. Liu Xiu personally received, "Reward grace and pour out the Beijing master." ”
Dou Rongxian was appointed as the pastor of Jizhou, "and then moved to the Great Sikong", ranking as the third duke and serving as an extremely popular subject. Dou Rong knew very well that he was not Liu Xiu's concubine and confidant, and in order to avoid the envy of his colleagues, every time he entered the Hajj, "his appearance was very humble and humble. He was cautious and kind to people in the dprk, and although he had no political enemies, he still "did not feel at ease for a long time and gave up his title several times." Liu Xiu understood his psychology and never agreed.
A few years later, Grand Situ Dai was implicated in "going to prison and dying" for stealing gold from the people who recommended him. Because of the "three consecutive posts", Dou Rong was also implicated and dismissed from the post of Grand Sikong. Soon, Dou Rong was appointed as a special jin of the Tongsan Gong, and concurrently served as a guard who commanded the guards to guard the palace. His younger brother Dou You was also promoted to the rank of lieutenant of the city gate (in charge of guarding the city gate of the Capital Division), so "brothers and forbidden soldiers" became the talk of the officials of the Beijing Division after dinner.
Dou Rong was well aware of the danger and once again pleaded with the old man to return home. Unmoved, Liu Xiu still rewarded him with money from time to time, and sent the imperial dining room to send delicious delicacies. After Dou You's death, Dou Rong was devastated, did not think about tea and dinner, and was bedridden. Emperor Guangwu pitied Dou Rong for his old age and frailty, and often sent envoys to Dou Rong's bedroom to persuade him to eat reluctantly.
Dou Rong did his best to be loyal and loyal to Liu Xiu, and Liu Xiu repaid Li's favor. Among the relatives and founding fathers of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Dou Rong can be called the first grace. His family "from the ancestors and grandsons, the first mansion of the government to look at the capital, slaves to thousands." The dou family's reputation was so eloquent that in the same period, the Dou family unexpectedly appeared in the spectacle of "one duke (Great Sikong Dou Rong)", the second marquis (two people were crowned marquises), the three princesses (three princesses married to the Dou family), and the four two thousand stones (four people serving as high-ranking officials)."
▲ Liu Xiu, Emperor Wu of Han Guangwu
(4) The godson has no party
Vulgar cloud: "Boom and bust." After Liu Xiu's death, Emperor Hanming took the throne, and the good life of the Dou Rong family basically came to an end. In addition to pursuing his father's policies, Emperor Ming of Han ruthlessly severely punished the clan and foreign relatives and ministers who were doing their best. He forced the death of two younger brothers and two Situs, executed a number of high-ranking officials who had committed misdeeds, and then executed Dou Lin, a lieutenant of the Qiang Dynasty and Dou Rong's nephew, on charges of "deceiving the emperor and perverting the law by corruption."
After his nephew was executed, Dou Rong was often knocked on the mountain by Emperor Ming of Han. Emperor Ming of Han repeatedly rebuked Dou Rong for having no way to teach his son, causing many of his descendants to wantonly give birth and violate the law and discipline, and meaningfully beat him with the misfortunes of Dou Bao of the Western Han Dynasty (foreign relative, 丞相, who was later executed by Emperor Wu of Han for the crime of forging edicts) and Tian Jie (foreign relative, zai chancellor, who was defeated because of "arrogance, ruling the house jia zhudi"). Dou Rong was terrified and begged for retirement, and Emperor Hanming pushed the boat along the water to "order the return to the first to recuperate." ”
If Dou Rong's relentless reprimand by the emperor for his nephew's affairs was purely "grandpa in prison---- implicated by his grandson", then Dou Rong's eldest son Dou Mu was the last straw that overwhelmed Dou Rong's father.
Dou Mu was not a good bird since he was a child, and at the age of fifteen he was still a "stubborn and stubborn (ignorant and dull)" master. In addition to ruling the army and the people in Hexi, Dou Rong devoted himself to "teaching the art of scripture (Confucian scriptures) day and night", hoping that he would follow the rules and follow the right path in the future, and not cause great disasters.
This is against Daddy! He was able to attach Princess Neihuang as his wife by virtue of his father's merits, and took over the post of lieutenant of the city gate after the death of his uncle Dou You, which can be described as a double harvest of love and career. However, he was not enough to swallow the elephant, befriended a group of frivolous villains, interfered with the political affairs of the Lu'an State (present-day Lu'an City, Anhui Province), and installed in-laws in various important posts in an attempt to seize the power of the Lu'an State. Because Liu Xu, the Marquis of Liu'an, was constrained at every turn, Dou Mu was unscrupulous and arrogant enough to use the bad trick of forging the edict of Empress Yin, causing Liu Xu to divorce his wife and remarry Dou Mu's daughter as his wife. Unwilling to be humiliated, he reported the matter to the imperial court. "The emperor was furious, but spared Mu and other officials", and drove all the Dou clans who served as Lang officials back to their hometowns in the countryside. Look at the Dou Rongfeng candle remnant year, "Leave the Rongjing Master alone." When Dou Mu and the others were sad to go to Hangu Pass, Emperor Hanming, because Dou Rong's illness worsened, issued an edict to dou Rong and others to "return the matter." ”
"Rong, who was seventy-eight years old at the time, was known as the Marquis of Dai." Emperor Ming of Han finished the affairs for Dou Rong and set out to repair Dou Mu. He believed that Dou Mu, as an imperial prince, had low moral character, and was sitting on great wealth, living in a mansion, and his financial resources were seriously unclear, so he "often ordered the Gurudwara to supervise his family alone." ”
A few years later, the Gurudwara played: Since Dou Mu's father and son lost power and were placed under residential surveillance, they were repeatedly full of resentment and complained. Emperor Ming of Han simply ordered Dou Mu to leave the capital again and take his family back to Yuan County. Soon after Dou Mu returned to Yuan County, he was arrested by the county sheriff on charges of bribing minor officials, "with his son (Dou) Xuanju died in Pingling Prison", and the second son Dou Xun "also died in Luoyang Prison". ”
Dou Rong governed the five counties of Hexi, with both military and political superiority and tranquility in the northwest; he had great foresight, "Baohexi to Fengguangwu", and then "led the elite troops of the five counties, Qianghu Biji, and the soldiers without bloodshed", and joined hands with Liu Xiu to fight The kui "collapsed and disintegrated, and the merit was great! But he indulged his descendants in misbehaving, causing the entire family to wither away, both as a blessing star for the family and a disaster star for the Dou clan.
Dou Rong was a successful hero and a failed father. "Loving mothers are many losers", how can it not be so with loving fathers?! So far, behind the pit dad words such as "My father is Li Gang", there is a "loving father" who is the same as Dou Rong!
【About the author】Xu Yunhui, male, graduated from the Department of Chinese of Yunnan Normal University in 1984 and is now a senior lecturer at Baoshan No.1 Middle School Education Group in Yunnan Province. He has published two monographs and published more than 600,000 words in literary journals at or above the provincial level.
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