This article is a series of 174 intensive readings of Chinese history, and the history of the Two Jin Dynasties and the Southern and Northern Dynasties is serialized in 17 (click on the blue characters to view the previous part), welcome to watch.
Xiao Daocheng (427-482), the founding emperor of the Southern Dynasty Qi (479-502), was a native of Nanlanling (present-day northwest of Wujin, Jiangsu). His family was not a famous clan during the Wei and Jin dynasties, and since his father Xiao Chengzhi was a relative of the Liu Song Dynasty, Xiao Daocheng was able to serve as the Assassin of Southern Yan Prefecture during the Ming Emperor's reign and defend northern Wei.
01, Xiao Qi dai Liu Song
Liu Yu, the deposed emperor of the Song Dynasty, was a faint ruler. He often traveled in civilian clothes, crossing the streets and alleys, sometimes sleeping in the guest house, and sometimes sleeping by the side of the road during the day. When he was asked for his name, he was either called "Liu Tong" or "General Li." He does not care about the major affairs of the country, but he is very interested in tailoring and hats, and he will learn it once he learns it and never forget it.
One hot afternoon, he went to the leading mansion to see Xiao Daocheng taking a nap, revealing his chubby belly, laughing and saying, "What an arrow target!" "He drew a circle around Xiao Daocheng's navel and took a bow and arrow to shoot."
Xiao Daocheng woke up in shock and said, "The old minister is not guilty," and left and right were also busy persuading: "The leader has a big belly, although he is a good target, but he will die with one arrow, and then he will be gone." It is better to remove the arrow and shoot it a few more times. ”
Liu Yunai removed the arrow, and an arrow hit the navel. Laughing, he said, "How about arrows?" ”
From then on, Xiao Daocheng knew that he could no longer assist such a dark lord, and began to plot to kill Liu Yu.
On July 7, Liu Yu went out again, and drank heavily at night before returning to Renshou Palace to sleep. Before going to bed, he ordered his attendant Yang Yufu to say, "During the Tanabata Festival, when you see the Weaver Girl and the Cowherd meeting, you will come to report to me, and if you don't see it, you will be killed." ”
Yang Yufu knew that a catastrophe was coming, so he decided to kill him first. After Liu Yu fell asleep, Yang Yufu cut off Liu Yu's head with a knife.
When Xiao Daocheng knew this, he immediately rode a red dragon horse into the palace, and supported Liu Zhun, the king of Ancheng, as emperor, and was known as Emperor Shun of Song in history, changing his name to Yuan Shengming. Xiao Daocheng took the throne as a servant, Sikong, and Lu Shangshushi, and served as a great general of the Hussars, and was in charge of the military state. After adding Taifu.
In the third year of the Sheng Ming Dynasty (479), Xiao Daocheng forced Emperor Shun to abdicate, proclaimed himself emperor, and established the Qi Dynasty, with the era name Jianyuan.
When Wang Jingze led his troops into the palace and found the little emperor under the table, Emperor Shun cried and said, "Are you going to kill me today?" ”
Wang Jing said, "Nothing, just let you move to another palace." The same is true of the Sima clan in the official family's ancestors. ”
Emperor Shun cried and said, "May the future generations not give birth to the imperial family." ”
02. The rule of Yongming
Xiao Daocheng summed up the lessons of the fratricide and extravagant corruption in the late Liu Song Dynasty and the subjugation of the country, and he wanted to make a difference after he took the throne. He forbade the kings of the clan to occupy the landscape, exempted some of the conscripts, appeased the displaced people to return to their hometowns to produce, straightened out the household registration, built schools, and forbade the recruitment of generals and marshals.
He was particularly an advocate of frugality. In the past, the emperor wore an ornament called "jade mediator" on his dress, which was said to avoid evil, and Xiao Daocheng believed that jade products would produce luxury and asked people to break it. He also ordered that the original railings of the harem, which were originally made of gold or copper, be replaced by iron. The embroidered Aya luo tent of the inner temple was changed to a yellow yarn tent. The gold-encrusted ornaments on emperor Luan's canopy have also been removed.
He said, "Let me rule the world for ten years, and make gold equal to the price of dirt." ”
In view of the fratricidal rivalry of the Liu Song Dynasty, he paid special attention to educating his descendants to unite with each other. In the fourth year of Jianyuan (482), he left his last words on his deathbed: "If the Liu clan is not cannibalistic, how can others take advantage of chaos to get the throne!" ”
Although Xiao Daocheng wanted to do something, it was a pity that he became emperor for only 4 years before he fell ill and died.
After the death of Emperor Xiao Daocheng of Qi, the crown prince Xiao Zhao (440-493) succeeded him as Emperor Wu of Qi. Emperor Wu of Qi continued some of Xiao Daocheng's reform measures, such as reducing or waiving military service, rewarding agricultural production, attaching importance to the development of schools, restoring the rank of Baiguan Lutian, and making good relations with Northern Wei.
During the reign of Emperor Wu of Qi, during the reign of Emperor Wu of Yongming (483-493), the society was relatively stable and prosperous, and was historically known as the "rule of Yongming". It is said that at that time, "the prosperity of the capital, the wealth of the scholars, the singing and dancing festivals, and the costumes and makeup".
However, during this period, the Qi royal family still lived a corrupt life. There were more than 10,000 people in the harem of Emperor Qiwu, and there were also more than 1,000 people in the rear room of Xiao Ling, the king of Yuzhang. These people depend on the people to feed themselves. Therefore, the "rule of Yongming" did not last as long as the "rule of Yuanjia".
In order to expand the government's financial revenue, Emperor Qiwu set up school officials to check the hukou on a large scale, called "checking the register" or "school registration". If a fake household registration is found to be found, his household registration book will be revoked, which is called "how to register". Such persons are assigned to remote areas for hard labour.
In the process of checking the nationality, the government stipulates that the school officials must produce a certain number of coincidences, so that bribery and fraud are endless. Rich people who pay bribes to officials should not "change their nationality"; those who do not have money to pay bribes insist that they should "lose their nationality". A puff of smoke is unbearable.
03. Tang Yu's Uprising
Tang Yuzhi, a native of Fuyang (now part of Zhejiang), lived in Tonglu (present-day Tonglu West, Zhejiang), and mr. Yin and Yang who watched the feng shui of the cemetery in the previous generation.
In the third year of Yongming (485), Tang Yuzhi claimed that his family's cemetery had a royal spirit and his descendants could become kings; he also said that he had obtained a golden seal in the mountains and could become emperor, and took advantage of the dissatisfaction of the "family" against the government, gathered 400 people, and revolted in Xincheng (present-day Xindeng, Zhejiang).
The rebels ranged from self-employed and oppressed peasants to Shu landlords who had been damaged in the examination of their registers. Opposition to nationality inspection and opposition to the demand for fines for long-distance service have brought them together.
After Tang Yuzhi raised an army, he blockaded the Fuchun River in the upper reaches of the Qiantang River, conquered Xincheng and Tonglu, and marched towards Fuyang. However, the households in the Sanwu area and the overwhelming masses of the people responded one after another, and soon gathered to 30,000.
In the first month of the following year, Tang Yuzhi conquered Qiantang (present-day Hangzhou, Zhejiang), proclaimed himself emperor, made a crown prince, and set up a hundred officials, with the national name Wu and the year name Xingping.
The rich man of Qiantang, Ke Long, offered some weapons, and Tang Yuzhi used him as a servant of Shangshu and Zhongshu Sheren, and to receive Shang Fang's order.
The rebels attacked Dongyang Commandery (東阳郡, in modern Jinhua, Zhejiang) and killed Xiao Chongzhi (箫道成) the Taishou of Dongyang.
After attacking Shanyin (present-day Shaoxing, Zhejiang), the rebels fought eastward to the Puyang River.
After Emperor Qiwu heard the news, he quickly sent the Central Forbidden Army to suppress it. Due to the lack of cavalry, the rebel army lost the battle, Qiantang was captured, and Tang Yuzhi was captured and killed. Southern Qi officials took the opportunity to burn and loot, and Emperor Wu of Qi had to execute his favorite general Chen Tianfu as a civilian indignation.
Although the uprising failed, the Inspection of the Southern Qi government was also forced to stop. Fearing another rebellion, Emperor Qiwu officially announced the abolition of the nationality and the restoration of the state before the examination, in fact acknowledging the fait accompli of the impersonation of the nationality. This reflects the improvement of the political and economic status of the Shu landlords.
04, faint emperor
After the death of Emperor Xiao Zhao of Qiwu, emperor Xiao Zhaoye (473-494) succeeded him as King of Yulin with the era name Longchang. He was assisted by Emperor Wu's cousin Xiao Luan the Marquis of Xichang.
Xiao Zhaoye was very absurd and squandered money at will. Xiao Luan was in charge of Shang Shushi at that time, held real power, and had ambitions, so he killed Xiao Zhaoye in the first year of Longchang (494) and established his brother Xiao Zhaowen. Soon after, he deposed Xiao Zhaowen and declared himself emperor, that is, Emperor Qiming (452-498).
Emperor Qi Ming, because he was not the legitimate heir to the throne, his parents were young, and the descendants of Emperor Gao and Emperor Wu grew up, and they deliberately killed their brothers and nephews.
Before killing people, Emperor Ming often consulted with Xiao Yaoguang, the king of Shi'an, and after the two of them exchanged secret words, Xiao Luan lit incense, whimpered and drooled, and the next day he had to kill people. Every time the kings were killed, they always sent troops to surround the house in the dark of night, and they shouted and entered, and they were arrested and killed. In the foreign kings, most of them are executed by the signatures of the auxiliary kings.
Xiao Luan killed people cruelly, but his heart was full of fear. He delusionally believed that ghosts and gods could bless him, so he believed and reused those who dealt with ghosts and gods. He felt that the world was full of traps, and every time he traveled, he always had to divinate the stakes first, and when he went south, he said to go west, and when he traveled east, he said to go north. The serious illness was also secret, until the palace came out to ask the white fish to treat the disease, and the outside did not know.
Before Xiao Luan died, he said to his son Xiao Baojuan: "Remember the lesson of Longchang (Xiao Zhaoye's era name), and do not do things behind people." But later, Xiao Luan's descendants, except for those who died early, were also killed.
During the reign of Xiao Baojuan, Xiao Yaoguang the Prince of Shi'an, Xu Xiaosi (徐孝嗣) the Prince of Shangshu( Shangshu Ling), Jiang Yuan (江袥), the Right General Xiao Tanzhi (萧坦之), Jiang Qi (侍中江祀), and Liu Xuan (劉暄) the Wei Wei (衛尉) Liu Xuan (劉暄) were known as the "Six Nobles".
Xiao Baojuan reused his close followers, and his ying edict (conveying his will) to catch the knife and take charge of the state affairs was called the "sword edict".
He arbitrarily killed the ministers, and the "six nobles" were killed one after another. Forcing the old ministers to continue to raise troops. In the first year of the Yongyuan Dynasty (499), The Taiwei Jiangzhou Assassin Chen Xianda raised an army in Xunyang, and later died in Jiankang. The following year, Yuzhou assassinated Shi Pei Shuye and surrendered to Northern Wei with Shouyang.
The Pingxi general Cui Huijing was ordered to take Shouyang and raise troops at Guangling to attack Jiankang, but was defeated by Shi Xiaoyi, the assassin of Yuzhou, and fled and was killed. Xiao Yi was a Shang Shu Ling, and was soon poisoned by Xiao Baojuan.
The struggle for power and profit within the ruling class hastened the demise of the Qi Dynasty.
In December of the second year of Yongyuan (500), Xiao Yidi and Xiao Yan, the assassin of Yongzhou, raised an army in Xiangyang and besieged Jiankang. The city changed, Xiao Baojuan was killed, and the Qi regime was finally replaced by Liang in a complex social conflict.
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The content of this article is compiled from the "History of the Two Jin Dynasties and the Southern and Northern Dynasties" of the China International Broadcasting Publishing House's China Reading Book "Classic Chinese General History".
There are 16 books in the complete set of "Classic Chinese General History", namely: "Xia Shang History", "Western Zhou History", "Spring and Autumn History", "Warring States History", "Qin and Han History (Part I)", "Qin and Han History (Part 2)", "Three Kingdoms History", "Two Jin And Northern And Southern Dynasties History", "Sui and Tang History (Part 1)", "Sui and Tang History (Part 2)", "Five Dynasties History", "Song Dynasty History", "Yuan Dynasty History", "Ming Dynasty History", "Early Qing Dynasty History", "Late Qing History".
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