Author: Mo Guyan
On November 13, 1927, there were suddenly some strange and strong men in Huang'an City, speaking with a local accent. They were either in groups of three or five, or alone, and secretly assembled in the northwest of the county after passing through the interrogation of the sentries at the city gate.
These people were all peasant volunteers from the Huang'an and Macheng areas, a total of 70 people, all hiding short guns and knives, and the purpose of infiltrating the Huang'an county town was to receive the siege troops, and to take the county town inside and outside. Their leader was None other than Wu Guanghao, then 21-year-old deputy commander-in-chief of the jute uprising.
[Wu Guanghao, a native of Huangpi, Hubei Province, graduated from the 3rd phase of the Huangpu Military Academy, served as a battalion commander of Ye Ting's Independent Regiment, and was ambushed by the enemy in May 1929 and died heroically]
In the evening of the same day, the peasant self-defense army, which had already gathered at Qiliping, had eaten dinner and began to march towards Huang'an in a mighty way. Chen Zaidao, who took part in this operation, recalled decades later that except for a very small number of rifled guns, the equipment of the Self-Defense Army was three-section sticks, bird rifles, harpoons, hoes, and flat shoulders, and the troops marched towards the county town of Huang'an with great vigor and high morale.
[Chen Zaidao, the only person among the 72 good men of "Mulan Mountain" who lived to the founding of New China, was awarded the rank of general in 1955]
The team had 10,000 people when it set out from Qiliping, and there were constantly people joining along the way, and by the time we arrived in Huang'an, there were already 30,000 people. The team mobilized before the war at Beiyangzi Mountain, ten miles outside the county seat, and Pan Zhongru, the commander-in-chief of the uprising, said a word: "Those who take the lead in breaking the city will surrender their guns and return to themselves." Pay two and pay one. ”
The rioters listened and screamed with excitement. For them, the allure of a Hanyang-made rifle was simply too great.
The peasant army quietly surrounded the county seat of Huang'an at night, and by 4 a.m., gunshots suddenly sounded in the city, which meant that the riot team in the city led by Wu Guanghao had already begun to move. At the order of Pan Zhongru, the killing outside the city was everywhere, the flames soared into the sky, and the self-defense army began to set up cloud ladders to attack the city according to the predetermined arrangement.
[Pan Zhongru, a native of Huangpi, Hubei Province, graduated from the 5th term of the Huangpu Military Academy, the main leader of the Jute Uprising, on the night of December 5, 1927, in order to cover the breakthrough of his comrades-in-arms, unfortunately he was shot and died heroically]
The north of the city is the main direction of attack, and four ladders have been erected here. Wu Lixing, the first volunteer to climb the ladder, grabbed the gap in the city wall and continued to climb up, and when he climbed to the edge of the battlements of the city wall, he was hit by a shot and fell from the air.
Seeing that the ladder was unreliable and the peasant army outside the city was helpless, at this moment, the death squad led by Wu Guanghao attacked the city gate from the city, and the internal and external attacks eliminated the defenders at the head of the city, and tens of thousands of people rushed into the city at once, quickly captured the county magistrate, and captured the county magistrate He Shouzhong alive.
Oil painting "Jute Uprising"
Due to the well-organized and well-planned jute uprising, the rebel contingent sacrificed only one person, Wu Lixing, but achieved the results of eliminating 30 reactionary garrisons and capturing 100 guns and 50 boxes of bullets. However, Wang Shusheng, the leader of the Macheng Self-Defense Force, and Xu Haidong, the leader of the Huangpi Self-Defense Force, did not catch up with the uprising, Wang Shusheng did not come to Huang'an because he was responsible for blocking the Red Gun Society, and Xu Haidong did not catch up because the distance was too far. The two future generals of the Republic regretted for not participating in the jute uprising for life.
Wang Shusheng is a great general
After the rebels captured Huang'an, they stayed in the county seat for a total of 21 days. The first major event during this period was the establishment of the first peasant organization in the Eyu-Anhui Border Region. While discussing what to call, a dispute broke out between the leaders.
Fu Xiangyi, the secretary of the Jute Special Committee, advocated calling it a Soviet, but no one in the Peasants' Self-Defense Army knew what a Soviet was. A person who has seen the world says that the Soviets are the alias of Su Zhaozheng, the leader of the provincial and Hong Kong strikes, and another person retorts that Su Zhaozheng has been sacrificed, that this Soviet is Su Zhaozheng's son, that the emperor has died and that his son has succeeded to the throne, and that Su Zhaozheng has died in the succession of the Soviets.
Fu Xiangyi cried and laughed, and had to explain that the Soviets were Russian transliterations, which meant congresses. Cao Xuekai, director of the Preparatory Department, felt that it was too difficult to hand over to the Soviets, so where could the masses understand it? Most deputies also felt that it was too blunt to call the Soviets directly, and that it was necessary to propagate them for a period of time, and that it would not be too late until the masses understood what the Soviets were.
Xu Haidong
On November 18, the Huang'an County Peasant Government was established, with Cao Xuekai as chairman and Wang Xiusong, Tian Kaishou, Chen Dinghou, Dai Jilun, Zhang Qinzhuo, and Zhou Chun as full members. After the meeting, the board of directors was listed in the county court, and a pair of pillars at the door hung a wonderful long couplet-
Hate the green forest soldiers, pretending to be blue sky and white sun, darkness and deep buried the naked child; Kefu Huang'an City, try to see the blue clouds and purple qi, and the red army is full of life and vitality.
This couplet, the magic is that the colors of green, blue, white, black, red, yellow, blue, purple, and red are embedded in the couplet, which is not only neat and tidy, but also has a profound meaning, and uses different colors to represent the two forces of red and white, which is indeed the work of the master. This couplet was written by the local folk calligrapher Hao Lanjie, but it is not known whether the text was created by him. As soon as this league came out, it was widely recited in the local area, and the masses called the rebel army the Red Army.
As for when the title of "Red Army" first appeared in the history of the people's army, it is generally believed that after the Guangzhou Uprising, the leading organs of the uprising declared the formation of the "Workers' and Peasants' Red Army" to the outside world. But the Guangzhou Uprising occurred on December 11, 1927, nearly a month after the Jute Uprising. This couplet is the first time that the word "Red Army" appears in all the texts found so far, so the first time in the history of the people's army to shout out the title of "Red Army" was in Huang'an, and its significance is very significant.
The troops who participated in the uprising were reorganized into the Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army's Edong Army, of which the Huang'an Self-Defense Army was organized into the First Route Army, Wang Shusheng's Macheng Self-Defense Army was organized into the Second Route Army, and Xu Haidong's Huangpi Self-Defense Army also joined in. In the future, the mighty Red Fourth Front originated from this.
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