In 1130 AD, the fourth year of the Southern Song Dynasty, the Song and Jin sides broke out a large-scale war on the Sichuan-Shaanxi front, in today's Fuping area of Shaanxi, the Southern Song gathered the main force, hoping to defeat the Jin army in one fell swoop and open up the situation from the western front, as long as the Song army won this battle, it could not only alleviate the military pressure on the front of the Southern Song Dynasty, but also give the Southern Song the ability to restore the Central Plains.
But this strategic decisive battle, the Southern Song Dynasty behaved very hastily, the main general light enemy, improper tactics, by the good war of the Jin army seized the opportunity, nearly 200,000 main Song army defeated, the Jin army took the opportunity to capture the Southern Song Dynasty Shaanxi 5 road area, this battle can be described as a strategic defeat of the Song army.
In fact, from the very beginning, the Southern Song Dynasty made a mistake in judgment.
"Continued Zizhi Tongjian. The Song Dynasty One Hundred and Eighteen Volumes", The Emperor Hui also gathered troops in Huaishang with jin people, ordered Junjun to send troops, and divided the way from Tongzhou and Yanyan to make up their minds.
History of Song. At the time of Zhang Jun's biography, Jin Shuai Wushu was still in Huaixi, and Jun, fearing that he would disturb the southeast, plotted to contain it, so he decided to govern the army and join the division of the Five Roads to restore Yongxing.
In the fourth year of Jianyan (1130), although the Jin army still occupied the absolute initiative militarily, the Jin people also realized that it was impossible to destroy the Southern Song Dynasty in one fell swoop, the water network in Jiangnan was dense, the cavalry of the Jin army was greatly restricted, and Zhao Zhuo was really able to run, and the Jin army could not catch it.
Therefore, in the same year, the Jin people supported the puppet regime, that is, Liu Yu's pseudo-Qi, and the intention of the Jin people was to let the pseudo-Qi take over the frontal battlefield and establish a buffer zone for the Jin army and the Song army, while the main force of the Jin army turned to the western front, attacked the Sichuan and Shaanxi lands of the Southern Song Dynasty, and then tried to sichuan and Shu, and then went east to destroy the Song.
It can be said that taking sichuan and Shu and going down the river is almost the standard routine for the northern regime to destroy the southern regime.
At that time, both Zhao Zhuo and Zhang Jun were worried that the Jin army would go south in the autumn, so in the land of Sichuan and Shaanxi, they launched an active attack on the Jin army, in an attempt to contain the military strength of the Jin army, restrict the Jin army's southward movement, and give the Southern Song Dynasty, which had recently taken root in Jiangnan, more breathing space.
In particular, it must be said that Zhang Jun is ambitious, but when it comes to military ability, he is still much worse.
In those turbulent times, he proposed a strategy with a certain vision.
History of Song. Zhang Jun's biography of Jun said that zhongxing should start from Guanshan, and if the Jin people or enter Shaanxi first to take Shu, the southeast could not be guaranteed, so they generously asked for it.
Zhang Jun believed that if the Southern Song Dynasty wanted to revitalize Zhongxing and restore the Central Plains, it was inevitable to rely on the military strength of Sichuan and Shaanxi to stabilize the land of Sichuan and Shaanxi, which could not only prevent the Jin people from attacking Shudi and threaten the Southern Song Dynasty from the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, but also rely on the combat strength of the Sichuan-Shaanxi Song army and the support of Shudi's money and grain as a military base for the eastward advance.
Therefore, Zhang Jun took the initiative to ask for help before the Battle of Fuping and went to the land of Sichuan and Shaanxi to prepare.
Therefore, in the fourth year of Jianyan (1130), Zhang Jun saw the opportunity, decisively recruited a large army, and launched an active attack on the Jin army.
History of Song. Emperor Gaozong sent Zhang Jun to command Liu Xi's five-way army and the Jin general Lou Su to fight in Fuping County, and Jun was stationed in Yingzhou to supervise the battle.
After Wu Jie and Zhao Zhe achieved certain victories, Zhang Jun, with Liu Xi as the capital of Xihe Road, commanded a large army of 5 roads, a total of 180,000 people, known as 400,000, and assembled in today's Fuping area to fight the Jin army to the death, and the battle was decided, and Zhang Jun himself was in charge of the battle in Yingzhou (present-day Bin County, Shaanxi).
At that time, In order to fight this battle, Zhang Jun also made a bloody contribution. "Jun also borrowed five years of people's endowments, the fortune of money and grain, endless in the Road, the mountain where it is", Zhang Jun collected five years of taxes from the people in advance to support the military, and there were a large number of people, transporting grain to the Song army, which can be said to be a large-scale counterattack operation of the Southern Song Dynasty.
After all, Zhang Jun wanted to become a minister of Zhongxing, and opening up the situation on the western front was too important for the Southern Song Dynasty.
But the problem is that Zhang Jun also made a big problem.
"Continued Zizhi Tongjian. Song Ji One Hundred and Eighteen Volumes" and Lotso Fang in the Suide army, the crowd please attack it, Jun can not, but the Battle of The Day, the Jin people do not report.
To put it simply, after discovering the military intentions of the Song army, the Jin people hurriedly asked Yan Zongbi, who was stationed in Luoyang, to lead 20,000 elite cavalry to the west to help the Battlefield of Shaanxi.
At this time, the Jin army had not yet joined forces, and the troops of the completed Yan Lou room had not yet arrived at the battlefield, and the main general suggested that before the Jin army did not have a joint army, the main force should be concentrated first, and Yan Zongbi would be defeated to gain the initiative in the battle situation.
But Zhang Juntuo is big, he has to fight with the Jin people, that is, the next battle book, yan Zongbi can endure, show weakness and do not fight, Zhang Jun will not be big, just wait, wait until the Jin army joins forces.
History of Song. The biography of Wu Jiu and The Second Fuping, both under the control of the generals, will discuss the war, and Jiu said: "The soldiers are moving for profit, and now the terrain is unfavorable, and there is no way to see it." It is advisable to choose a high base, so that it will be invincible." All the generals know, "I am a multitude of widows, and I have blocked the reeds, and the enemy has a horse and cannot do anything, so why should I use him to migrate?"
At the same time, before the Battle of Fuping, Wu Jie suggested seizing the commanding heights to weaken the Jin army's advance, but most of the generals believed that the Song army was superior and did not need to occupy the high point. Of course, at that time, although the Song army was mainly infantry, it was well formed and still had the strength to fight with the cavalry.
At the same time, there were also reeds as a shield in front of the Song army's camp, which was not conducive to the breakthrough of the Jinren cavalry and was conducive to the Song army's combat.
But when the war broke out, everything did not develop in the direction expected by the Song army.
The Jin army was not a fool, so it rushed into the reeds, and then was besieged by the Song army, and then annihilated, and the Jin people used bags filled with soil to pave several roads for cavalry to attack in the reeds, and to a certain extent, they could rush through the obstacle of the reeds.
Although the impact of the Golden Army cavalry was greatly limited, as long as it rushed through the reeds, the battle situation was different.
History of Jin. Completed the biography of Yan Zongbi" and Zhang Jun fought in Fuping. When Zong Bi fell into a heavy siege, Han Changliu took the arrow in his eyes, angrily pulled out his arrow, and the blood was dripping, and he was wounded by the earth, and the Prancing Horse fought hard, so he broke the siege and came out with Zong Bi.
History of Jin. At the end of the biography of Yan Lou's room, Lou Room was already ill, Ruizong and Zhang Jun fought at Fuping, Zong Bi's left wing army was already gone, Lou Room fought with the right wing, the army was revived, and Zhang Jun's army was defeated.
The Jin army attacked on the left and right flanks of Yan Zongbi and Yan Lou, and although Yan Zongbi's troops were once under siege, they finally rushed out.
At the same time, Yan Lou led his troops to defeat Zhao Zhe's troops, causing a large-scale rout of the Song army.
"Continued Zizhi Tongjian. The Song Dynasty One Hundred and Eighteen Volumes" Of the Various Roads and Townships, the people who transported the millet were not finished, and when they reached the army, each prefecture and county was a small village, with the chariot and horse as the guard, and they were connected endlessly.
Of course, there is also a point to say that at that time, there were a large number of villagers stationed outside the Song army camp, they were all transporting grain and grass to the Song army, I don't know why when arranging the camp, they were placed in a position directly facing the impact of the Jin army, perhaps too trusting of Wei Ze to block the Jin army cavalry.
As a result, when the Jin army rushed over, the people began to flee to the Song army camp, the Song army was in chaos, and the soldiers and horses of all walks of life lost contact and could only fight for themselves.
It was under these circumstances that the main general of Huanqing Road, Zhao Zhe, escaped from the front, resulting in a major rout of the Huanqing army, followed by a comprehensive rout of the Song army, the Jin army took advantage of the situation to attack on a large scale, most of the Five Roads in Shanxi in the Southern Song Dynasty was occupied by the Jin army, and most of the money and grain weight gathered by Zhang Jun also fell into the hands of the Jin people.
This battle was a major defeat for the Song army, which originally wanted to open up the situation on the western front, but it was an extremely frustrating defeat, after which the Song army could only hold a few passes in Shu and resist the Jin army's entry into Shu.
References to The History of the Song Dynasty. Gaozong Benji", "History of Song. Zhang Junchuan", "History of Song. The Biography of Wu Jie" (金史. The Biography of Yan Zongbi", "History of Jin. The biography of Yan Lou's room is completed, and the Tongjian of the Continuation of Zizhi. One Hundred and Eight Volumes of the Song Dynasty