Changyi Ancient City is located in Changyi ji, Daxieji Town, 27 kilometers south of Juye County, is the capital of the Western Han Dynasty Yang Kingdom and Changyi Kingdom, the city was founded in Qin, into the Han Dynasty, a total of about 800 years of history. Due to the flooding of the Yellow River many times in history, the ancient city was submerged underground. "Shandong Tongzhi" contains: This city is "six miles in length and horizontal", and "the circumference of the outer city is more than thirty miles". According to the "Caozhou FuZhi", the ancient city of Changyi, that is, shanyang land. In the fourth year of Emperor Wu's Reign of Tianhan, Shanyang was renamed the State of Changyi, and the Later Kingdom was removed, and it was restored to Changyi County, which belonged to Shanyang County. The kingdom of Changyi was here. The "Chronicle of Juye County" says: "Changyi Ji, there is an old city, whenever the rain looks at it, there is still a hidden city head shape." One of the "Eight Views of Juye", "Changyi Smoke and Rain", is derived from this. There are four villages on the city site, Former Changyi, Hou Changyi, Hou Garden, and Chengjiao Liu, with the Wanfu River flowing east in the south and the Peng River in the northwest passing through the northeast corner of the city site. "Smoke and rain rest, the desert old city Xiongguan. Xiongguan 堞, Remnant Sun Evening Illumination, Han Family Tomb Que. Chu and Han exchanged troops and shed blood, and Li Shang charged and cried fiercely. Weeping, Peng Wang, Yongjie. "This is a poem called "Remembering Qin'e Changyi Huaigu", with few numbers, nostalgic worries, coherent pulses, and magnificent momentum.
Changyi was the fiefdom of Emperor Cao Cao of Wei (at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Cao Cao served as Yanzhou Mu and Fengfei Tinghou was here), and was the hometown of Peng Yue, the King of Liang, and the place where the Eastern Han dynasty's name Ru Yang Zhen resigned. The "Battle of Chu and Han" in the second year of Qin II and the "Rebellion of the Seven Kingdoms" in the third year of the Han Jing Emperor's "Rebellion of the Seven Kingdoms" all took place here. From the Western Han Dynasty to the Wei and Jin Dynasties, many famous scholars and scholars such as Peng Yue, Li Shang, Zhong Changtong, Xu Guanghan, Yang Zhen, Gong Sui, Zhang Jian, Liu Biao, Yi Yuan, Li Dian, Wang Can, Wang Shuhe, Chen Qian, He Chengtian, etc. all gathered here. Within the ancient city, there are also the tombs of Li Gang of the Han Jingzhou Thorn Shi, the tomb of the Han Yushi Dafu Bushi, the tomb of Peng Yue of the Liang King, the tomb of Houzhuang Han and the cultural sites of Xihoulou.
Changyi Ancient City provides reliable physical data for the study of the social history of the Han Dynasty Shanyang Kingdom and the Changyi State, the history of the capital city, urban construction, economic culture, geographical changes, and their status and influence in the national politics, economy, military and other aspects. In 1992, it was announced as a provincial key cultural relics protection unit in Shandong Province, and in May 2013, it was approved and announced by the State Council as the seventh batch of national key cultural relics protection units. At present, the site of the ancient city is still buried under the deeper soil layer, the West Gate City Tower. In the field, it has become a small dirt bag slightly above the ground of more than 1 meter, and the earth bag has a stone stele for cultural relics protection, which is only used as the only symbol of the ancient city site.
Courtesy of Juye Wenguan
According to Sun Ming, a researcher and deputy director of the Institute of History and Archaeology of Heze City, Changyi, during the Spring and Autumn Warring States period was Yi, qin set up a county, the Western Han Dynasty was a county, the Jing Emperor in the sixth year of the middle yuan (144 BC) divided liang land, set up the state of Shanyang, and sealed Liu Ding, the son of King Xiao of Liang, as king, and since then Changyi City has become the capital of the kingdom. In the fifth year of Emperor Jianyuan of the Han Dynasty (136 BC), he changed the name of Shanyang State to Shanyang Commandery. In the fourth year of the Tianhan Dynasty (97 BC), Shanyang Commandery was changed to the State of Changyi, and Liu Ji was made the King of Changyi. Liu Ji reigned for eleven years and was buried in The Red Clay Mountain in Juye County. In the first year of the Later Yuan Dynasty (88 BC), Liu He succeeded to the throne. In the first year of the Han Zhao Emperor Yuan Ping (74 BC), Emperor Zhao died, and because he was childless, Liu He was conscripted into the throne (later deposed as the Marquis of Haixia). In the first year of the reign of Emperor Xuan of Han (73 BC), he changed the state of Changyi to Shanyang Commandery (山阳郡), and to the Eastern Han Dynasty, it was changed to Yanzhou Assassin History Department. On June 5, 74 BC, Liu Fuling, the Emperor of Han Zhao, died at the age of 21. Because of his childlessness, on July 18 of the same year, the great general Huo Guang and others welcomed Liu He, the king of Changyi, to the throne as emperor, and was known as the "Emperor of Han". He also made his heir Emperor Han Zhao, considered to be the heir (also known as a stepson) of Emperor Han Zhao.
According to the "Biography of Huo Guangjin Ribao of the Book of Han", Liu He's crime was "Twenty-seven days after receiving the seal, the emissary was at noon, and the official offices of the officials who held the festival edict issued a thousand and one hundred and twenty-seven things. "Within twenty-seven days of liu he taking the throne, he did one thousand one hundred and twenty-seven absurd things, an average of forty things a day. However, in fact, this was only the pretext of Huo Guang and other ministers. The real reason is probably that after Liu He took the throne, he was anxious to promote the subordinates he had brought from Changyi, ignored the important ministers of the dprk, and offended the bureaucratic clique in the upper ruling class of the Western Han Dynasty headed by Huo Guang. Relying on the above-mentioned so-called criminal pretexts, Huo Guang, with his heavy responsibility, suddenly launched a coup d'état, and together with his ministers, he asked the 15-year-old empress dowager (that is, Empress Xiaozhao's Shangguan clan, the granddaughter of the great general Huo Guang) to depose Liu He on August 14, and personally sent him back to the fiefdom of Changyi (the seat of government in present-day Daxieji Town, Juye County, Shandong Province, formerly the seat of the people's government of Changyi Town), retaining the title of Wang (Changyi Wang) and ordering him to eat 2,000 households. The "Biography of Prince Wu of Han" also has the same record.
In the third year of Yuan Kang (63 BC), Liu He was deposed as the Marquis of Haixia and moved to Yuzhangguo (豫章国, in modern Nanchang, Jiangxi), and since then the Liu He family has disappeared from Juye. In the third year of Shenjue (59 years), Liu He died, and he was known as the Deposed Emperor of Han. Liu Heke died in Nanchang and could not be buried, but the camp was not used, so it became a ruined tomb.
Liu He has contributed to Chinese history and archaeology, and the archaeological discovery in 2015, the tomb of Liu He, the Marquis of Haixia, found in Jiangxi, is this old man's. It is said that he went to Haidian County, Jiangxi Province, remembering his hometown changyi country, and called this place Nanchangyi, which is the origin of Nanchang, the capital of today's Jiangxi Province. Nanchang flows across a river, called the Chang River, there is a town on the south bank of the Chang River, called Changnan Town, good at making porcelain, porcelain to overseas, said this is "Changnan porcelain", foreigners will call these porcelain "Changnan". Later it was called "China". The town of Changnan was later called Jingdezhen (Gu Yu Zhi Zhi, Gu Yu Zhi Zhi
According to the literature, from the Warring States to the Wei and Jin Dynasties, Changyi was an important transportation artery and iron smelting trade center, and during the Western Han Dynasty, it was one of the 49 government-run industries engaged in iron production in the country at that time. During the Jin Dynasty, Changyi City was buried underground due to flooding, leaving only the remnants of the city looming. According to the "Juye County Juzhi" record, during the Ming and Qing dynasties, whenever it rains, people still faintly see the shape of the city. This is one of the famous Juye Ancient Eight Scenic Spots" "Changyi Smoke and Rain".
It is understood that the site of the ancient city of Changyi was discovered in 1980, announced by the Shandong Provincial People's Government as a provincial-level cultural relics protection unit in 1992, and announced by the State Council as a national key cultural relics protection unit in 2013. In 1980 and 1982, the Heze Regional Cultural Relics Task Force conducted two surveys and explorations of the ruins of the ancient city of Changyi. In 2017, the archaeological exploration team of Changyi Ancient City basically explored the length, width and depth of the four walls of the ancient city site. Its middle wall is 1.27 km long, the south wall is 1.71 km long, the western wall is 1.41 km long, and the north wall is 1.45 km long. The width of the four walls is about 31 meters. Most of the walls are relatively well preserved, with existing heights between 4 and 6 meters, and the bottom of the walls is generally about 6.3 meters below the surface. On all four sides of the city, a number of suspected city gates were found, and there were trenches about 30 meters wide on the outside of the four walls. Preliminary inferences can be made that the history of the ancient city of Changyi can be traced back to the Warring States and even the late Spring and Autumn Period.
From the Warring States to the Qin and Han Dynasties, about three hundred years, it was a period of prosperity in the area of Dingtao and Changyi. In particular, Dingtao, because it was located at the junction of Ji and Jingshui, and was also in the center of a rich area rich in grains, it became the economic capital of "the world" at that time. From Dingtao to the west, tracing ji and He, up to Qin and Jin; shunji water northeast down, up to the qi state linzi; shunhe water and east, up to Wu Chu. Changyi, located on the south bank of the Jingshui River east of Dingtao, is a relatively developed satellite town east of Dingtao. The specialty dogs and horses livestock in the north, the feather tooth danqing in the south, the fish, salt, seafood and silk fabrics in the east, and the leather pattern tail in the west can all be bought in Dingtao or Changyi, thus forming a trade and transportation network centered on Dingtao and with Changyi as the distribution center.
In the Western Han Dynasty, Changyi City was even more prosperous. According to the Chronicle of Juye County, in the sixth year of the Reign of Emperor Jing of Han (144 BC), liangdi was divided, the state of Shanyang (ruled in Changyi) was placed, and Liu Ding, the son of King Xiao of Liang, was made king, and changyi city became the capital of the kingdom. In the fifth year of Emperor Jianyuan of the Han Dynasty, Emperor Wu of Han changed the state of Shanyang to Shanyang Commandery," and in the fourth year of the Tianhan Dynasty, he changed Shanyang County to the State of Changyi, and named his fifth son Liu the Prince of Ai as the King of Changyi. After death, his son Liu He succeeded to the throne and remained king. In the first year of the han xuan emperor's reign, he changed the name of Changyi to Shanyang Commandery (山陽郡). In the first year of Mang's new state, Sanyang County was abolished and Juye County was replaced. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Juye County was abolished, and Shanyang County was restored to the Yanzhou Assassin History Department. Three Kingdoms, still Sanyang County. In the first year of the reign of Emperor Tai of the Jin Dynasty, he changed Shanyang Commandery to Gaoping County, the general Chen Qian (陳骞) as the Duke of Gaoping (Chuan V), and the Southern Dynasty Liu Song changed Gaoping Prefecture to Gaoping Commandery (高平郡), abolishing Changyi County. The Sui and Tang dynasties re-established Changyi County. The Song Dynasty was demoted to a town.
From the history of the development of Changyi City, it can be seen that before the Western Han Dynasty, although it was relatively developed, it was only a satellite town of Dingtao. In the Western Han Dynasty, its development reached its peak. During the Eastern Han Dynasty, although the jurisdiction of Shanyang Commandery was greatly reduced compared with that of the Western Han Dynasty, it still maintained the grand situation of the Western Han Dynasty because the Yanzhou Assassin History Department was stationed in Changyi. At that time, the Yanzhou Assassin History Department had jurisdiction over Shanyang, Chenliu, Taishan, And Jiyin, the five counties of Dongjun, and the three kingdoms of Jibei, Rencheng, and Dongping, covering a large area of the southeastern and eastern parts of Henan. During the Wei and Jin Dynasties, although Changyi City was still ruled by a county (state), it was already the end of the Qiang Dynasty.
Song Cang, a giant scholar of the Jiajing Dynasty of the Ming Dynasty, recorded the prosperity of Changyi City in a poem "Changyi Smoke and Rain":
Changyi city spent a few times, can not look back and listen to the song.
The crown has been seen for a long time, so the old Judas has passed on many Things.
Desert twilight cloud described iron riding, Qianqian autumn grass no copper camel.
The unification period of rivers and mountains has been through the ages, and the land is full of ploughing and rain.