Wu Ge| Hu Yujin and the Diary of Jia chen's Journey to the East

The six-volume Diary of Jiachen's Journey to the East (hereinafter referred to as the "Diary"), written by the modern scholar Mr. Hu Yujin (Suizhi), was the diary of Zhang Zhidong, the governor of Fenghuguang, and Duan Fang, the governor of Liangjiang, who were commissioned to go to Japan to investigate political science.

Mr. Suizhi was born in the ninth year of Qing Xianfeng (1859) and died in the 29th year of the Republic of China (1940) at the age of 82. Mr. Li has experienced the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, has experience in scientific names, respects the old, and has exquisite writings. Mr. Xuelin Sutui is the backbone of Wuzhong Puxue in the Qing Dynasty, and rarely knows that he is an active practitioner in the trend of modern transformation in the late modern era. He was commissioned to go to Japan to investigate, and when he was in the 30th year of the Qing Dynasty (1904), after the Gengzi Disaster, Japan and Russia were in trouble, the great powers were around, the country was in danger, and the survival of the people was a tight topic for the government and the opposition. From the "Diary", it can be seen that in the autumn of troubles, people of insight rushed to call out, seeking the way of rich countries and strong soldiers, using plots and plans, and did not hesitate to take advantage of strong neighbors.

Mr. Suizhi's trip lasted more than half a year, and on April 14 of that year, he departed from Wuchang, transferred to Shanghai, and boarded the east ferry on April 27. The "Diary" details the observations and comments, that is, "from the day of embarkation in Shanghai" and ends on the eve of the return to China in the first eight days of November of the same year, and records them day by day, almost without interruption. Mr. Pu was originally a famous scholar of Pu Xue, and his investigation was an important task, so he remembered it very cautiously, saying that he "traveled to the Orient, and it was enough to prove that he had heard about it at first sight." The essay records that the accumulation of silu is not a work, so it is cumbersome and broken, and it is all calculated." The final draft of Mr. Diary was completed at the same time as the inspection, "First, there were quite people who borrowed from the audience, and they heard of different reputations. If it is said to be informative and delicate, and sufficient for the examination of the latecomers, then Yu Shi is redundant and cumbersome, and he is afraid of many mistakes, and he dares to mistake others." (See the end of the "Diary") Because the "Diary" was printed in Tokyo, this book was rarely circulated in China, and after more than a hundred years, it was read, not only felt that its content was rich, the investigation was in-depth, the insight was profound, and it was enough to call it a template, but it was also regrettable that it was almost obscured. Mr. Park Xue famous master, writing and so on, since the "Diary" to increase weight, and the old book new printing (press: Shanghai People's Publishing House, 2020), introduced back to Middle-earth, although the times have changed, but the available references still exist, I hope that readers will benefit from this.

After Mr. Suizhi returned to China from his trip to the east, he was transferred to Beijing by the Faculty of Studies under the guidance of "Governing the Scriptures and The Law, And Profound Education", and successively served in the Faculty, the Lixueguan, and the Teaching Division University. During this period, he repeatedly wrote letters and made many suggestions, but he paid special attention to improving national education, and most of them were based on Japanese investigations. ("Biography of Mr. Hu of Wuxian County": "Repeatedly written and said things, many achievements.") Its most important one: the line letter... Learn to... He studied women's studies, Shang Wushi, Gui Experiments, Absorbed National Essence, Broad Dialect, Practiced Popularity, Changed the Teaching Law, and Eliminated Rotten Materials, all of whom were dozens of people, all of whom deeply observed current affairs and discerned the crux of the problem, thinking that it was impossible to save the disadvantages without painful reform. In addition to presiding over the preparation of the History Museum and teaching at Peking University and The Northern High School, Mr. Suizhi's main energy was focused on governance, and the emperor's great works such as "Supplementary Correction of the General Bibliography of the Four Libraries", "Continuation of the Outline of the Unaccepted Books of the Four Libraries", "Inscriptions on the Books of Xu Shu", etc., were written after xinhai. In the 1930s, he studied Confucianism with a master's degree, and participated in the compilation of the "General Catalogue of the Renewal of the Four Libraries" of the Eastern Culture Committee with Ke Shaochen and Jiang Han, during which he visited Japan again. Mr. Li lived in Beijing for more than 30 years, until 1936, in view of the turbulence of the situation, he resigned from his hometown for a long time, returned to the south, and lived in Guangfu Town, Suzhou in his later years. The manuscripts of his writings were entrusted to his disciple Wang Xinfu in his later years.

Since the establishment of diplomatic relations between the Qing government and Japan in the late nineteenth century, the "diary of the journey to the east" of Chinese officials and scholars in Japan has emerged, and there are many people who have published and those who have not published it. The investigations, book visits, travels, and observations recorded by various families not only provide a comprehensive reference for the transformation of modern Chinese society, but also add the content of the times to the long-standing Sino-Japanese exchanges. Since the twentieth century, Sino-Japanese relations have been turbulent and repeated, but the same origin and homogeneity of cultural history and geopolitics have continued to be endless. Although the author's involvement is limited, I have read the "Diary" repeatedly, but I still feel that the content of this book is profound and very distinctive, and there are still people who can refer to it:

I. The "Diary" reveals that the visit to Japan was an important turning point in Mr. Suizhi's political career and academic discipline. Mr. Shu is known for his diligent and fruitful achievements in his studies, and has been trained by the history of the scriptures since childhood, and has studied diligently in his youth, and has worked hard in Suzhou Zhengyi College, Jiangyin Nanjing Academy and Jiangsu Xuegutang, which are in line with the moral learning of Junxian at the same time, and have been rewarded by academic predecessors, and have grown up to be the last batch of students in the era of keju. From Jiangnan Township to the Examination of Chinese Style, to the admission of higher schools in economic special subjects, to the change of Hubei ZhiXian, and before joining the Zhangzhidong shogunate, Mr. Huang has ten years of experience in studying Fujian and serving as a teacher in Xinghua County. In the period of reform of the Tongguang New Deal, Mr. Jiang Nanshizi, who practiced the traditional path of the imperial examination, responded to the change of atmosphere, consciously paid attention to new learning, tried to integrate Chinese and Western, and participated in the practice of the New Deal. Before mr. Dongdu, he had already made profound observations and thoughts on traditional Chinese society, and his visit to Japan for more than half a year had become an important turning point in his politics and governance, and the "Diary" not only contained the analysis and comparison of China and Japan, but also more thoughts on traditional Chinese culture and its future. Mr. Li's writings have been passed down from generation to generation, and reading his books and knowing the world, how can he only be regarded as a profound tradition.

Second, the "Diary" is a record of Mr. Suizhi and his contemporaries who have insight to actively explore the road to a strong country. The "Diary" observes and discusses that the two sides are not partial, and fully demonstrates the worries and explorations of people of insight in the government and the public about changing the status quo and future of the country during the Sino-Japanese War, the Penghu Reform Law, and the Xinhai Revolution in the Qing Dynasty. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, officials and scholars actively organized inspections to Japan, and officials and scholars flocked to the road, and there were not many records of influential inspections circulating. Wherever Mr. Suizhi goes, carefully observe, carefully investigate, and ask questions, record at any time, and discuss and exchange feelings with his companions at any time. The description of the similarities and differences between Chinese and Japanese history and culture in the "Diary", the discussion of the crux of China's modernization, the worry about the homeland, the concern for the people, the feeling of discussion, the thoughts, the insights, the still unattainable, is the knowledge of learning and deeds, and it has never been two completely different ways.

Third, the "Diary" is pure in pen and rigorous in attitude, and it is a true scholar's diary. Mr. Wang Xinfu has a cloud: Mr. Suizhi "specialized in the management of the scriptures in his early years, and was a master of the Classics." Ji Nai is a well-read book, not thin today's people. The two crossings to the east, the benefits of the seeing are extensive. Every discussion is clear from ancient to modern times, and it is clear and practical. Only those who are deeper than the ancient can not mud the past, and those who have reached the present can not tend to the present, and they can not be discussed with the words of Yuanyuan Shushu and Mr. Shouyi. Although the migration of the times may not be in harmony with the present, it is actually Confucianism between guangxuan. (Wang Xinfu's "Moth Technique Xuan Shu Cun Shan Book", Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House, 2002 edition, p. 1394) Mr. Wang Xinfu was sent to investigate the New Deal as a scholar, and the methods he used still did not lose the method of examining the scholars. Everything must be inspected by sight, consulted in detail, tirelessly, and thoroughly, and the original is in-depth in the fabric. Re-reading the "Diary" a hundred years later, not only the content is not aware of the past, but also the comparison between the present and the past, and the observations and accounts of the present people, many of which are not caught. To give an example, there are no less than dozens of Chinese and Japanese officials, colleagues, teachers, friends, international students, etc. on this trip, and the "Diary" records his place of origin; and there are dozens of school organs, workshop trading companies, etc. he visited, and the "Diary" retains the detailed addresses of each institution and the names of the receptionists (in charge), and briefly records their speech and demeanor. After the vicissitudes, although it is scaled and half clawed, its people and their sites have become rare and precious historical materials in both China and Japan.

Fourth, the "Diary" is detailed and detailed, which can be called a model of travelogue style text. Mr. Suiyuki's expedition to Japan began in Nagasaki, was stationed in Tokyo, and ended in Nishikyo. Outside of Tokyo, Nikko, Hakone, Kamakura, Kyoto, Osaka, Nara, and Nagoya are all within sight. The objects of the inspection include urban and rural areas, government schools, government organizations, cultural facilities, scenic spots, etc. Wherever he goes, he will detail the geography of his mountains and rivers, his humanities and customs, the evolution of the system, the institutional settings, the staffing, and the effectiveness of his work. Its key attention will not hesitate to repeat the visit, and most of the Japanese personnel encountered can actively cooperate and receive frankly. With the sensitivity and rigor of the visitors, he concentrated on the Japanese government, justice, finance, schools, workshops, prisons, trading companies, clubhouses and libraries, museums, parks, exhibitions, etc., and the epitome of all aspects of Japanese society in the early 20th century was displayed in the "Diary". The random survey of that year, because of the well-trained and meticulous visitors, has been recorded to this day, which has multiple meanings.

V. The "Diary" was written very quickly and was completed at the same time as the itinerary of the eastern journey. When Mr. Suizhi finished his expedition and waited for his return, he copied the Diary in Tokyo and printed it. (The Diary, on the first day of November: "I intend to put the diary into movable type, so I save the claw, but I slightly add Dong Li to transcribe it.") The eighth day of the first month: "Transcription." At that time, the number of prints was small, and it was returned for a hundred years, and the original circulation of the "Diary" was rare, and there were few bibliographies in domestic libraries. Most of Mr. Wang's writings were inherited by Wang Xinfu Moth Shuxuan, and now belong to the collection of Fudan University Library, Mr. Zijian's suicide note, no manuscript or manuscript of the "Diary", only the typeset copy of the "Diary" of the old collection of Moth Shuxuan. The cover of this book is titled "Jiachen Dongyou Diary Yuan and Hu Yujin Self-Inspection", and the end of the volume has the Wang clan collection of books ("Xiao Xiao Lu" Zhu Wen Chang Fang Yin, "Xiao Xiao Lu Collection" Bai Wen Chang Fang Seal), suspected to be the collection of Wang Xinfu's ancestors. Looking back at the history of Sino-Japanese book cultural exchanges, the predecessors paid more attention to the eastern transmission and reproduction of ancient Chinese books, and the recent people paid more attention to the role and influence of engraved Chinese books, and there was still insufficient research on the Chinese books engraved in the japanese journals in modern times. After the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Japan in the Qing Dynasty, with the increase of official and non-governmental exchanges between the two countries, the interaction in the field of book publishing was also very active, and Chinese scholars used Japanese resources to complete the printing of books in Japan. For example, the "Guyi Series" published under the auspices of Li Shuchang and Yang Shoujing is a well-known extraterritorial engraving and printing material; Mr. Suizhi's "Diary" is a popular book published in Japan by Chinese. The title, quantity and role of such books need to be further explored.

The "Diary" was newly printed, that is, according to the lead typed typeset of the Japanese Yuki Kunishin and Wood Movable Edition in November of the 30th year of Guangxu (1904). [Copyright page of kotatsu's Journey to the East: "Published in November 3000 / All rights reserved / Reporter: Moto and Hu Yujin / Printer: Kuninobu Akigi (28banchi, Asakusa Kurofushicho, Tokyo, Japan) / Printing House: Tokyo Wagi Loose Edition Office (28 bandi, Asakusa Kurofushicho, Tokyo, Japan).] Originally, it was a straight-line typesetting, including sentence reading, twelve lines per half page, twenty-seven words per line, divided into two volumes, two hundred and ninety-one pages, followed by two pages of "Jiachen's Diary of a Journey to the East". "Diary" collation, one is to change the sentence to read as a new punctuation, and correct the original typo; and then to add prompts to the content of the "Diary", embellished on each page of the main text, so that readers can save (although this method is a Western writing habit, used for Chinese books and diary literature collation is not yet common, whether it is appropriate, to be feedback); third, because Mr. Traveled for half a day, he traveled around the East and West Beijing in two hundred days, except for holidays, lying sick, almost no activities, no days and no records, according to the "Diary" is compiled as "Jiachen East Travel Itinerary", It is a simple display of the schedule of Mr. Li's visit to politics and religion; the four are convenient for readers to use, in addition to the content prompts and the "Itinerary", the names of people, place names, book titles, etc. involved in the "Diary" are indexed, attached to the book, and the selection of index words focuses on the Japanese investigation. Mr. Suizhi learned to do it, the late Professor Wang Xinfu of Fudan University knows the most, and the "Biography of Mr. Hu of Wuxian County" written by him is detailed and clear, and it is enough to make a conclusion, and it is specially recorded and compiled into the appendix of the "Diary" for the reader to know the help of people and discuss the world.

The departure and return of Mr. Suizhi to Japan were all in Wuchang, Hubei Province, and when he set out, he crossed the east with Guangxu's 30-year Hubei students who studied in Japan. During his visit to Japan, he maintained close contact with Zhang Zhidong, the governor of Huguang, and the relevant reports and requests for instructions and the extension of the inspection were recorded in the Diary. The "Diary" was republished in China, more than 100 years after mr. Dongdu and Zhang Zhidong passed away. The people of Hubei now respect Zhang Zhidong as the father of Wuhan City, and the three towns of Wuhan in central China are not only one of the sources of modernization reform in Qingtongguangjian, but also a heroic city carrying many major events in history textbooks. In the spring of Gengzi, Wuhan has become famous for its lockdown against the new crown pneumonia epidemic. The sun and the moon are new, the mountains and rivers do not change, the people of Situs, but the heavens are you. On the occasion of the new printing of the "Diary" in China, I would like to write the original commission to commemorate the former sages and I am willing to share the sorrows of the world with readers.

At the end of March 2020, I would like to write about it on the banks of Xiaojipu in Hudong

(The author is a research librarian at Fudan University Library)