Recently, the repair and upgrading project of Shanghai City God Temple has been completed, and the pattern of temple viewing has been fully restored. The renovated City God Temple has enriched the activities, extended the opening hours, and in the evening will hold in-depth exchanges with the participants in the form of traditional cultural workshops.
The evolution and development of the Shanghai City God Temple is almost a history of Shanghai's development. However, today we will talk about the life of Qin Yubo, the "City God Lord".
Qin Yubo's "predecessor" and "successor"
The first thing to explain is that Shanghai City God is actually not only Qin Yubo. Before him, there was the "Golden Mountain God Lord" Han Dynasty general Huo Guang, the Marquis of Bolu. The "Bamboo Branch Words of Shanghai County" writes: "The temple san Francisco god shrine, the ancient relics of the desaho statue." At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, the city god was changed to worship, and loyalty and filial piety were the gods and my ancestors (the bamboo branch lyricist was Qin Rongguang, a tribute to Shanghai in the late Qing Dynasty, so he was called my ancestor)".
Shanghai has always had the so-called "front hall is Huo, the rear hall is Qin", and now the front hall of the City God Temple is still dedicated to Huo Guang, and the main hall is dedicated to Qin Yubo, who is "the god of the city god who is to be controlled". Therefore, it can be said that Huo Guang is also a Shanghai city god.
It is said that after the outbreak of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression in 1937, the citizens invited from the "Chen Gong Ancestral Hall" the statue of Chen Huacheng, the admiral of Jiangnan, who died heroically in the Wusong Fort in the Second Opium War, and enshrined it in the back of the main hall, so Chen Huacheng, a famous general who resisted the invaders, can also be regarded as Qin Yubo's "successor".
Qin Yubo family examination
Qin Yubo, who became the city god of Shanghai in the early Ming Dynasty, was the eighth grandson of the famous Northern Song Dynasty poet Qin Guan (known as the Duke of Huaihai in the Qin clan).
(Qin Guan, Zi Shaoyou, Huaihai Resident)
Qin Guan Wu passed to Qin Zhirou (1233-1306, zihe, jiezhai, jiezhai), because of the chaos at the end of the Song Dynasty, with his younger brothers Qin Zhili and Qin Zhizhang Nandu, arranged for Zhili to live in ZhaoTun Village, Zhizhang lived in Jiutuan, and himself lived in Hudu (according to Kaoying in the area of present-day Jing'an Temple), and after Qin Zhirou's death, "the couple was buried together in the sun of Wunijing." Zhaojia Bang Right and Tanjing Temple North (near present-day Yongjia Road) in present-day Shanghai County", the famous calligrapher Zhao Mengfu of the Yuan Dynasty wrote a tombstone for him, which reads "The Tomb of Mr. Qin Gong of the Yuan Dynasty".
Qin Zhirou's second son, Qin Lianghao (1278-1355, Zi Xinfu, Shu Zhai, Shu Zhai Gong), traveled to Hebei Daimyo, who was Qin Yubo's father. Qin Yubo (Zi Jing Rong, also known as Jing Rong Gong) followed his father on a journey in Daming as a child, and then returned to Shanghai to study for decades, and in the fourth year of Zheng (1344), he was admitted to the Jinshi Examination, Andi Mu of Guangxing Province, Liguanhu Guangxing Province, Zhao Mo (short for "Zhao Brush Mill Survey", Zheng Ba Pin, responsible for auditing the income and expenditure of his department), Yin of Gaomi County, Shandong (正七品县令), Langzhong (正五品) of Fujian Province, Yanping Road Governor and In charge of internal persuasion of agriculture (正三品, Yanping Road is in present-day Nanping City, Fujian Province, Yanping District, Sanming City, area), Xingtai Shi Yushi (from Erpin, Equivalent to inspector of the Imperial History Assistant).
(City God Statue)
Chenghuang Ye is not a Shanghainese
In the 173rd "Wenyuan Biography" of the Ming History compiled by Zhang Tingyu and others, there is a biography of Qin Yubo, which records: "Yubo, the character Jingrong, a great celebrity. Shi Yuan, tired official to Fujian Province Langzhong. Not only is the "History of Ming" so introduced, but even Qin Yubo's "Letter of Appointment to the Emperor Xiangxiang" written by Qin Yubo to Zhu Yuanzhang, the ancestor of the Ming Dynasty, also claims to be a great celebrity.
It's not right at all.
As we mentioned earlier, since Qin Zhirou counted, the Qin clan had already lived in Shanghai for three generations when they arrived at Qin Yubo. Qin Yubo's place of origin was naturally a native of Shanghai County, Songjiang Province, in the Yuan Dynasty. Li Linsong, who is the master of Jiaqing's "Shanghai County Chronicle", has already made an analysis in the "Qin Family Re-cultivation Genealogy Sequence": "The Qin clan was originally from Weiyang, Zhi rou first moved to Shanghai, and was buried immediately, and now his tomb can be examined, and he has been prepared for three generations, and there is no doubt that he is a Shanghainese." His daimyō, from his father traveled to the north, and for a long time to the north, he was born in the north to be a shoko Shinjinshiya. ”
In other words, from Qin to Qin Yubo, there have been three generations of settlement in Shanghai. Qin Yubo only became a jinshi in the first year of the Zhizheng Dynasty as a daimyō and a guozi supervisor.
The Qin Rongguang who wrote the bamboo branch words mentioned earlier also pointed out that "in fact, the tombs of the father and father are all in the Yi realm." Gongsheng died in Yijing. "Nanzhi" as a Yiren, indeed. ”
So why did Qin Yubo call himself a big celebrity?
This is partly because the Yuan Dynasty's imperial examination system divided the examiners into "Mongols, Semu people, Han Chinese, southerners" and other four arrangement quotas, and southerners were particularly excluded - for example, in the Song Dynasty, for more than 250 years, there were 70 jinshi in Huating County, Songjiang Province, and in the nearly 100 years of the Yuan Dynasty, there was only one jinshi in Huating County. In the early years of Qin Yubo's jinshi, he was already 48 years old, and his father Qin Lianghao was also over 60 years old and returned to his hometown. Qin Yubo took part in the scientific expedition because his father had served in the Daming Mansion in Hebei province and became a Guozi supervisor with the name of daimyo, essentially in order to be promoted from a fourth-class southerner to a third-class Han chinese and get a preferential opportunity, and finally got his wish to get a middle-class jinshi. For this reason, in the official discourse system, he has always been a "big celebrity".
As for the Ming Dynasty, he said that he was a big celebrity in the "Letter of Appointment to the Emperor", because Zhu Yuanzhang sent someone with a handwritten edict to recruit Qin Yubo to take up a post in the mountains in the first year of Hongwu (1368), and in the edict he hid a knife and said: "The people of the seaside are aggressive, and Yubo's wise men live here, and they can't stand it, and they may regret it", Qin Yubo was worried that because he refused to recruit and harm Sangzi, he deliberately did not call himself a Shanghainese and continued to borrow the place of origin when he ascended the throne.
Qin Yubo and Zhu Yuanzhang
Because Qin Yubo was originally uncooperative, his role in Zhu Yuanzhang's side was limited, and there were not many relevant historical records. Only the "Records of the Emperor's Ming Dynasty" records that in July of the fourth year of Hongwu, Zhu Yuanzhang said when talking with his attendants about the use of generals:
Qin Yubo once said that the ancient emperors used martial vassals or made fools greedy. Although his words are based on Sun Wu, his words are not. Is it foolish to measure the enemy and win the victory, and to be wise and courageous? Is it greedy to besiege the city and fight in the field and sacrifice one's life to conquer the country? If he is greedy and foolish, do not make him.
Of course, opinions vary, but their bones can be imagined.
In the History of Ming, it is also said that Qin Yubo "went out of Zhilong Prefecture and died in an official". This statement is also wrong. Zhu Yuanzhang appointed Qin Yubo, who was already 75 years old at the time, to serve as the governor of Longzhou in the northwest region, which was essentially demeaning. Qin Yubo resigned from the government due to illness and returned to his hometown of Shanghai without going to Longzhou. From this point of view, Qin Yubo, who dared to speak out around Zhu Yuanzhang, may be somewhat at risk of accompanying the king like a companion tiger.
Regarding Qin Yubo's character, when Qing Yongzheng Jinshi Cao Yishi composed the "Preface to the Ode" for the Shanghai City God, he commented: "Explain the doubts of the Lord, ming the wisdom of the people, and do not hesitate to go alone, and ask for the life of the people." Qin Rongguang also has a poem praised: "Once you save all living beings into the dynasty, you are willing to be greedy for five buckets and fold your waist." The old iron coat of the mountain is still white, and the history of letters is not marked. ”
On July 20, 1373 (August 8, 1373) of the sixth year of Hongwu, Qin Yubo died in his home near the Chen Xing Ti Bridge in Shanghai, and his burial place was also nearby, which today belongs to Pujiang Town, Minhang District, Shanghai. Legend has it that Zhu Yuanzhang said that Qin Yubo "was not born for my subjects, but died to defend my soil", so he became the city god of Shanghai.
Qin Yubo was childless in his room, and in addition to the chaos of the world, in order not to harm future generations, he preferred to pass it on, but never took a concubine. For the relevant Qin clans in the Shanghai area, Chenghuang Ye was the ancestor of the collateral lineage, saying that the descendants were indispensable, but they could not be regarded as direct descendants.
(Teacher Qin Yi)