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The ancient Chinese imperial examination system began in the Sui Dynasty and was abolished at the end of the Qing Dynasty, which lasted for more than 1,200 years. It is a basic system for the selection and selection of officials by examination in the history of our country. In Honghe Prefecture, there are many representative places of the examination system such as the study and administration examination shed, the construction of the Hydrological Temple, the Shiping Temple, the Yuping Academy, and so on.
Today, let's walk into the Red River together and take a study tour.
Jianshui County began to build temples in the Yuan Dynasty. During the Ming Dynasty, Lin'an Fuxue was built, and Shuizhou Confucianism was built between the Wanli Institute. In the Qing Dynasty, four academies were successively established: Chongzheng, Huanwen, Chongwen and Qujiang. At that time, there was a "Linhan list", that is, the Yunnan imperial examination list, Lin'an Province accounted for about half, which was rare in the country. Therefore, Jianshui has always had the reputation of "literature famous state" and "Southern Yunnan Zoulu".
Construction of water science and political examination shed
During the Ming and Qing dynasties, the Jianshui Xuezheng Examination Shed was once the residence of the Yunnan Viceroy Xuezheng who toured Jianshui twice every three years, and was a primary examination hall for students from the four provinces of Lin'an, Yuanjiang, Kaihua (present-day Wenshan), and Pu'er (present-day Simao area) to hold the imperial examination. After many dynasties, it is the only well-preserved original site of the examination shed in Chuanguidian, and such a perfect examination shed is also extremely rare in China.
Nowadays, in the academic and political examination sheds that are protected and restored according to the original appearance, five exhibition halls have been set up, such as the Wuju Hall, the Mengxue Hall, the Yixue Hall of the Jianshui Temple Academy, the Comprehensive Hall, and the Rural Pavilion, and the content related to the ancient imperial examinations has been arranged, and modern technologies such as electronic flipping books, virtual imaging, and candidates' answers are added. It also takes the Chinese imperial examination as the background, combined with the procedures for students to take the examination in southern Yunnan, and reproduces the scene of the imperial examination in the form of live performance, so that tourists can understand the ancient examination system through viewing and participation, and experience the broad and thick historical and cultural connotation of Jianshui.
The scenic spot has set up a qingfu exhibition hall and a "rare hall" in each courtyard, exhibiting precious literary relics such as the ancient celebrity Yan, the oracle bones from more than 3,000 years ago, the pre-Qin Jianshu more than 2,000 years ago, the Chu Han Jianshu, and the Wooden Book.
As a historical monument, today's study and government examination booths through pictures and texts and live performances, so that visitors on the one hand have a better understanding of the ancient imperial examination system, on the other hand, to learn the good tradition of respecting teachers and re-teaching and spreading culture.
Construction of a hydrological temple
The Hydrological Temple was built in 1285 AD and has a history of more than 700 years. After more than 50 expansions and additions over the generation, its existing scale, architectural level and well-preserved degree rank among the best in the country's large-scale temples.
The Hydrological Temple is built in accordance with the style of the Qufu Confucius Temple, adopting a palace style with a symmetrical axis between the north and south, and a number of single buildings are symmetrically arranged on the east and west sides. The main buildings are Taihe Yuanqifang, Susi Yuanyuanfang, Limenfang, Yilufang, Panchi and other 31, the whole building is magnificent and magnificent, the structure is rigorous, giving people a sense of solemnity, adding cultural connotation to Jianshui, a national historical and cultural city.
Walking into the Jianshui Temple, you can not only admire the majestic various buildings, but also experience activities such as the Confucius Ceremony, the Ritual Music of the Confucius Festival, and the "Confucian Three Rites" of the Confucius Ritual Ceremony, taste the Feast of Confucian Culture, and feel the breadth and depth of Confucianism.
The meaning of walking lies in the freedom of the mind after the prosperity is exhausted. Inside the Temple of Literature, there are too many historical stories, and each courtyard and every scenery is worth walking slowly and thinking about.
Shiping Temple of Literature
Shiping Confucian Temple is located in Beizheng Street, Yilong Town, Shiping County, sitting north to south, was built in the Yuan to Zheng period, and there are existing buildings such as The Star Gate, Panchi, Dacheng Hall, Ancestral Master Hall, zunjing Pavilion and so on.
The Lingxing Gate is a wooden and stone structure archway, with the plaque on the front "Lingxing Gate" and the back book "Debei Heaven and Earth, Daoguan Ancient and Modern" written by Zhang Ruiliang, the scholar of Shiping Prefecture during the Qianlong Dynasty. Entering from the archway, along the Panchi through the Dacheng Hall to the Xianshi Hall, careful observation is full of traditional cultural details, the "Zhuangyuan Bridge" on the Panchi, the famous eunuch shrine and the xiangxian shrine in the east and west of the Dacheng Hall, everywhere leaving the traces of history and the atmosphere of culture.
Walking into the Shiping Temple of Literature, the imprint of history is too heavy, you must peel off the shell of this wind erosion, and listen to the stories and sounds that float in time with your heart. Only in this way can we understand the Temple of Literature.
Yuping Academy (Shiping County Museum)
Yuping Academy is located in No. 4 Beizheng Street, Shiping Ancient City, adjacent to the Shiping Confucian Temple, was founded in 1851, covers an area of 3303 square meters, the scale is grand, by the gate, the second gate, the archway, the lecture hall, the schoolhouse and other wooden structure three-into-four courtyard. Since the Qing Dynasty, Yuping Academy has trained a large number of literati bachelors. In the autumn of 2006, Yilong Middle School was withdrawn and merged with Shiping No. 1 Middle School, and the educational history of Yuping Academy came to an end, and it is now the Shiping County Museum.
The Dragon Gate Arch in the academy is majestic, and the stone dragon carvings are exquisite and delicate. The patio is spacious, with ancient trees, including ancient plums, xiuzhu, dangui, pine cypress, ziwei, etc., and the flowers bloom at four o'clock, which is quaint and quiet. The wooden components such as beams and fangs in the courtyard and the carved bucket arches of bricks are exquisitely crafted, with local characteristics and complete architectural information, which is the physical evidence for studying the development history of shiping ancient architecture and an indispensable cultural heritage for enriching the historical and cultural connotation of Shiping.
Walking on the bluestone slab of the academy, you will vaguely think of the scene of the old gentleman reciting the book and lecturing, as if hearing the clear and bright sound of the students reading, it seems to smell the breeze blowing the pages of the gushing book fragrance...
Former residence of Yuan Jiagu
Yuan Jiagu's former residence is located at No. 22, Nanzheng Street, Yilong Town, Shiping County, built in the ninth year of qing guangxu (1872 AD), the former residence is a qing dynasty wooden structure building, sitting west facing east. The furnishings and exhibitions in the former residence are an important window to understand the cultural history of Shiping.
Yuan Jiagu's former residence gate carved beam painting building, a red background gold characters "economic special yuan" of the straight plaque hanging on the top of the door, the top of the double door a black background gold characters "Tai Shi Di" horizontal plaque to reflect people's eyes, into the triple door is a courtyard building. In the center of the yard, a leafy tree is emerald green all year round, and in autumn, golden fruits hang from the branches. In the middle of the wall of the upper row hall hangs a huge photo of Yuan Jiagu when he was studying history in Zhejiang, the upper floor displays Yuan Jiagu's life deeds, writings and calligraphy works, the lower row upstairs exhibits stone screen historical relics, and the two ear rooms are Yuan Jiagu's study before his death, treasureing the four treasures of the study room he once used.
Yuan Jiagu's former residence is not large, but the connotation is rich, which can be described as an important microcosm of Shiping's history and culture, and is a good place for Shiping people to understand the local cultural history, educate and inspire future generations to study hard, work hard and forge ahead.
Wen 丨 Sun Siman
Figure | Jiang Ruixian Yao Zhizhi Meng Zhigang
Editor 丨 Xie Tongxi
Audit 丨 Li Ya Li Yuan
O&M | Yunnan Newspaper Group loves to travel to cultural media
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