Editor's note: Heaven and earth are heroic, and qianqiu is still awe-inspiring. Heroic martyrs are the indomitable backbone and soul of a nation, the carrier and embodiment of a nation's spirit, and the most shining coordinates and history of a nation. Don't forget your original intention, you have to be consistent. On the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China, in order to deepen the "four histories" education, remember the heroic deeds, carry forward the heroic spirit, and inherit the red gene, the Sichuan Provincial Local Volunteer Office launched a "Bashu Heroic Martyrs" essay, and successively published a special column on "Bashu Heroic Martyrs" in Fangzhi Sichuan, in order to educate and encourage the sons and daughters of Bashu to remember the heroic martyrs, not forget history, inspire fighting spirit, work hard, and strive to be strong, and strive to start a new journey of comprehensively building socialist modernization in Sichuan and pushing the rule of Shu and Xingchuan to a new level.
Chongqing Zha di Dong Da Zhu Five Martyrs
Dazhu County Local History Office
In November 1949, the Chinese People's Liberation Army advanced into the southwest, and the Kuomintang officials who were holding Chongqing fled in a hurry and frantically organized forces to counterattack. On the Western Suburbs of Gele Mountain, the forest is eerie, foggy, and shrouded in a murderous atmosphere. On the night of the 27th, the Kuomintang reactionaries carried out a horrific collective massacre of more than 200 Communist Party members, progressive youth, and democrats detained in the slag cave concentration camp, creating the "11.27" massacre that shocked China and foreign countries. In the face of a final collapse, the Kuomintang reactionaries committed another unforgivable crime against Chinese. In this unprecedented massacre, Zhang Yongchang, an outstanding son of the Dazhu people, vice chairman of the presidium of the Chongqing Municipal Federation of Students Protesting Atrocities by the Chongqing Municipal People's Congress, and radio branch of the Chongqing Municipal CPC Committee, Zhang Mengjin, a teacher who hosted the mimeographed publication "Assault" in the school, Zhang Wenduan, who used the legal status of the mayor of Shenhe Township to conceal fighters, You Zongxiang, chief of the secret armed liaison group of the Zhangjiacang Special Branch, and Chen Yaolun, a teacher who guarded the party's secret publication "Counteroffensive," fell in a pool of blood and heroically sacrificed their young and precious lives.
Martyr Zhang Yongchang
Zhang Yongchang (1921-1949), also known as Yunchang, was a native of Longtai Village, Tianba Township, Dazhu County.
In the spring of 1934, Zhang Yongchang was admitted to the 18th class of Dazhu County Junior High School. In 1936, due to the punishment of the school authorities, he gambled at home and did not want to return to school to study. Later, relatives and friends managed to send him to Chongqing to study in the junior high school of Qiujing Middle School. In September 1937, he entered the thirteenth class of Qiujing High School with excellent results. In September 1940, he was admitted to the Department of History and Geography of Peking University in Beibei. In Fudan, he had extensive contact with progressive classmates and began to seriously think about society and life. After the Anhui Incident, the school's white terror was serious, and he applied for a one-year suspension and went to Chengdu to enter the History Department of Jinling University. Later, due to the surveillance of secret agents, he was forced to leave Jinling and return to Chongqing. In September 1942, Zhang Yongchang returned to Fudan and secretly interacted with Chen Yiwen, a member of the Communist Party, and at the same time became acquainted with Zhang Ziying, a communist member of the Xinhua Daily. During this period, he read a large number of works by famous progressive writers at home and abroad, and his ideas became more and more mature.
Martyr Zhang Yongchang (Courtesy of Dazhu County Local History Office)
In August 1944, Zhang Yongchang was coerced by his father to enter the Qiujing Business School against his will. He often talks about Guo Moruo's six major historical tragedies with his progressive classmates, and admires the noble personality and awe-inspiring righteousness of the characters in the play. At the beginning of the following year, he joined the "China Student Herald" and served as a secret distributor of the Herald, actively running to major universities and middle schools in Shancheng to promote progressive activities.
In January 1946, he was introduced by Zhang Ziying to the Department of Journalism of Chongqing Social University, founded by the Southern Bureau; in early April, he engaged in the student movement under the leadership of Cheng Tu, a member of the Communist Party; in May, he was elected president of the Student Self-Government Association of the Business School; and in early December, he joined the Communist Party of China. On January 3 of the following year, he was elected by representatives of more than 30 universities and middle schools as the vice chairman of the joint presidium of the city's protest against the atrocities of the US military, winning a legal position for the party organization to lead the student movement.
In July 1947, Zhang Yongchang entered the Radio Branch of the Chongqing Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China as a member of the Youth Movement, responsible for listening to the xinhua news agency broadcast and student movement news, and providing a source for the "Zhenjin Bao". He graduated from the Business School in August. Later, through the arrangement of the party organization, he entered the National Gazette, and as a reporter, he was active in major universities and middle schools, and continued to organize articles for the "Zhenjin Bao". On April 6 of the following year, Liu Guoding, the secretary of the municipal party committee, was arrested, and on the 17th, Liu Guoding betrayed him and Cheng Tu. On the evening of the 18th, Zhang Yongchang was unfortunately arrested. He was immediately imprisoned in the second room upstairs of the slag cave.
On the night of November 27, 1949, the executioners carried out a mass massacre of revolutionary volunteers in the Zadidong concentration camp, and Zhang Yongchang collapsed in a pool of blood at the age of 28.
Martyr Zhang Mengjin
Zhang Mengjin (1920-1949), a native of Gaoxue Township, Dazhu County, whose original name was Zhang Baoyu, used his name Zhang Yeli when he joined the Communist Party of China, and changed his name to Zhang Mengjin after graduating from university.
Martyr Zhang Mengjin (Courtesy of Dazhu County Local History Office)
At the age of 14, Zhang Mengjin was admitted to the 18th class of Dazhu County Junior High School. In 1937, he studied at Datong High School in Chengdu, where he studied and was enthusiastic about the propaganda of salvation. He joined the Communist Party of China in January 1940 and was admitted to the Department of Political Science of National Northeastern University in July. Soon, the Chengdu party organization was destroyed, and Zhang Mengjin also lost contact with the party organization. In the summer of 1944, after graduation, he went to Chongqing, and in September he was introduced to the Chongqing China Accounting College to teach. After that, while teaching, he actively sought out party organizations. In early 1945, he acquired organizational relations and was led by the Youth Group of the Southern Bureau. In order to make the "huizhuan" a party work base, he later took over the post of principal, reorganized the board of directors, made himself chairman of the board, and hired many revolutionary youths, including several communist party members, as teachers; the school was also renamed the private Daxin Senior Commercial Vocational School. After Chiang Kai-shek tore up the Double Tenth Agreement, Zhang Mengjin led the teachers and students of the school to participate in the huge anti-riot movement in Shancheng. In the first half of 1947, for safety reasons, he left Daxin High School of Commerce to teach at Songhuajiang Middle School. Soon after, Chongqing's secret publications, "Advance Newspaper" and "Counter-Offensive," came out, and in order to cooperate with the operation, Zhang Mengjin and others set up a mimeograph publication "Assault" at the school, which was published in a total of 10 issues, which gave effective propaganda to the party.
In January 1948, the party organization sent someone to restore Zhang Mengjin's organizational relations. In February, Zhang went to Jianchuan Middle School as the director of general affairs. At this time, the party was actively carrying out armed struggle in the rural areas of eastern Sichuan. In order to provide the party with funds to support the armed struggle, he decided to go to Manila to raise money from his uncle Zhang Guozhong (Keqin). Zhang Mengjin left Chongqing for Hong Kong on June 13 and returned to Chongqing by plane on the 20th. Because there were spies who had already discovered their whereabouts, Zhang Mengjin was arrested on the 23rd and later detained in the Slag Cave of the Sino-US Cooperation Center. In prison, Zhang Mengjin was brutally tortured, but he was unyielding and did not spit out the party's secrets.
On the night of November 27, 949, the Kuomintang created the "11.27" bloody case that shocked China and foreign countries. In the dense sound of machine guns, Zhang Mengjin snatched the door and finally died of being shot at the age of 29.
Martyr Zhang Wenduan
Zhang Wenduan (1914-1949), a native of Fangyuan Village, Shenhe Township, Dazhu County. He graduated from the 14th class of Otake Junior High School in 1933. In 1939, he joined the Communist Party of China when he was working as a Chinese language teacher at the private Guangyang Primary School in Dazhu Shuanghe Township.
Martyr Zhang Wenduan (Courtesy of Dazhu County Local History Office)
In the spring of 1940, according to the party's instructions on "making full use of legal rights and breaking into the Kuomintang's social organizations and even the party and government organs," Zhang Wenduan abandoned teaching and was admitted to the "Dazhu Township Cadre Training Class." After graduating three months later, he served as the mayor of Wenxing Town in Dazhu County (changed to a township after half a year), an education instructor in Wenxing District and the principal of Wenxing Central School. In May 1940, after the arrest of Li Xiaosi and others of the Dazhu Central County Committee, Zhang Wenduan lost contact with the party for a while and returned to the embrace of the party in the summer of 1941. After August 1942, due to the "line" between the party organization in Dazhu County and the above, Zhang Wenduan once again lost organizational relations.
In the autumn of 1947, the First Workers of the Communist Party of China in the Eastern Part of Shangchuan restored Zhang Wenduan's organizational relations. Subsequently, Zhang Wenduan took advantage of his legal status as the mayor of Shenhe Township to vigorously support the armed struggle in Shanhou District from the material point of view. In February 1948, the Battle of Sujiagou after Dazhu Mountain began, and a group of foreign cadres were withdrawn and hidden in Zhang Wenduan. He skillfully covered up these comrades and successively asked them to safely evacuate the dangerous area and go to Chongqing.
Subsequently, some of the above signs were detected by the Kuomintang and Zhang Wenduan was about to be arrested, and Zhang immediately withdrew to Chongqing with the leader Hu Zhengxing to lurk, but unfortunately was arrested in July 1948 at Qianpumen in Chongqing and imprisoned in the Sino-US Cooperation Institute in Zha di Dong. In prison, Zhang Wenduan showed great strength and actively participated in various struggles launched by the party organizations in prison.
On November 27, 1949, in the horrific massacre of Gele Mountain, Zhang Wenduan was killed in the slag cave at the age of 35.
You Zongxiang martyr
You Zongxiang (1920-1949), a native of Zhangjiachang, Dazhu County. His family is solid and does not worry about eating and wearing. In 1936, he entered the 20th class of Otake Prefectural Junior High School; in the first semester of 1938, due to illness, he dropped out of school and returned home to assist in domestic affairs.
Martyr You Zongxiang (Courtesy of Dazhu County Local History Office)
In the summer of 1943, You Zongxiang had frequent contact with Chen Yaokai, a neighbor of Chongqing Yucai School, who returned home for a vacation, and paid homage to Chen Yaokai. In the spring of the following year, he went to Chongqing with Chen Yaokai and entered the Yucai School. Under the influence of Chen Yaokai, Xu Yongpei, Xu Zhili and other fellow villagers, You Zongxiang actively participated in various progressive activities of Yucai School, and his thinking underwent profound changes.
At the beginning of 1945, You Zongxiang and Chen Yaokai returned to their hometown and were recruited to teach at Zhang's hometown primary school. As a teacher, he secretly conducted social investigations and secretly contacted young farmers. In mid-July 1947, the Zhangjiachang Special Branch of the Communist Party of China and the Secret Armed Forces of the Zhangjia Family were established one after another, and You Zongxiang served as the leader of the group. In October of that year, through the introduction of Hu Zhengxing and Chen Yaokai, You Zongxiang joined the Communist Party of China. He sold his father's 160 stone land and gave it all to the party organization to buy guns and ammunition. During this period, You Zongxiang led the group Chen Lihe, You Kaiwan, You Ermao, and Leng Huailiang to actively participate in various armed struggles in Zhangjiachang.
In September 1948, You Zongxiang actively assisted Chen Yaokai in the heavy task of contacting the armed uprising of bamboo, mat, and neighbors. He crossed the mountains and mountains, ate the wind and slept in the dew, and secretly ran around the bamboo, mat, neighbors and Chongqing. On the night of October 17, he, Chen Tianxing, Jiang Zhinan and his party were unfortunately arrested in the Beimenzhuang Homestead of Jijiang County. If Zhu Shaoliang, director of the Chongqing Appeasement Office, received the treasure, Geng immediately sent a telegram to the Provincial Security Headquarters and the Eighth, Ninth, Tenth, and Fifteenth Commissioners' Offices: "A few people, such as You Zong, a bandit of the Great Bamboo Bandits, have recently returned from Chongqing to carry out large-scale activities and prepare for the winter army to enter Sichuan in an attempt to sabotage the clouds. You Zongxiang was tortured and insisted on not telling the truth. Soon after, he was secretly escorted to the Chongqing Sino-US Cooperation Institute Zha di Dong concentration camp. In prison, he was open-minded and regarded death as a homecoming.
On November 14, 1949, You Zongxiang, Jiang Zhujun, Chen Yiwen, Jiang Keran, Wang Min and 30 other refugee friends were secretly shot by executioners at the age of 29 at the age of 29.
Martyr Chen Yaolun
Chen Yaolun (1921-1949), also known as Chen Mingde, was a native of Zhangjia, Dazhu County. In 1933, he was born in Zhangjia Shicheng Temple Primary School. Study diligently, especially like to learn calligraphy and painting, a few years later calligraphy and painting have a certain foundation. In the spring of 1938, he was admitted to the Wubian'an Senior High School in Shizi Township, Dazhu County with excellent results.
Martyr Chen Yaolun (Courtesy of Dazhu County Local History Office)
In the spring of 1944, Chen Yaolun was introduced by Chen Yaokai to chongqing Yucai School to study. He studied hard, thought hard, and actively participated in school activities. In the previous year of 1945, Yucai School called on young students to go to the countryside to prepare for the anti-Japanese guerrilla war. Chen Yaolun waited with Chen Yaokai to return to his hometown. While teaching at the primary school in Zhang's hometown, he engaged in social investigation with Chen Yaokai and others, and contacted young peasants to carry out revolutionary activities secretly.
In the autumn of 1946, Chen Yaokai invited some intellectuals and young peasants in Zhangjiachang to discuss weapons, drag troops, and armed resistance to the Kuomintang government. Driven by Chen Yaokai, everyone sold their property and raised funds to buy guns. Chen Yaolun also sold more than 10 stones of rented grain. They used the money they had raised to buy more than 20 guns. Chen Yaokai also set up the "Mountain King's Society," which united twenty or thirty young peasants. With their guns on their backs, they studied the strategies and tactics of guerrilla warfare in the undulating Dongshan Mountains and propagated revolutionary principles among the masses. Chen Yaolun participated in the "Mountain King Society".
In the summer of 1947, Chen Yaolun left Zhangjiachang and came to Chongqing Xingzhi Primary School. During his teaching period, he joined the Party's peripheral organization "June 1st Society" and founded the "June 1st Society" together with other comrades. Chen Yaolun's hard-working and hard-working work has won the praise of Liao Yilin, the leader of the UNDERground organization of the COMMUNIST Party of China.
In the following year of 1947, the People's Liberation Army switched from a strategic defense to a strategic counter-offensive. In order to adapt to the development of the new situation and cooperate with the Great Counteroffensive of the People's Liberation Army, the Chongqing Municipal CPC Committee of the Communist Party of China founded a politically controversial intra-party publication, "Counter-Offensive." "Counter-Offensive" is a semi-monthly magazine, with Liao Yilin, secretary of the party branch of Yucai School, as the president, and an editorial team and a printing team. Chen Yaokai, Together with Li Lei and Su Zhongfu, were members of the printing team. Under the leadership of Liao Yilin, counter-offensive was published in its first issue on October 1, and was published every half month thereafter. "Counter-Offensive" timely introduces the development situation of the War of Liberation and the various propositions of the Communist Party of China, points out the direction of the revolutionary struggle, calls on the people to overthrow the rule of the Chiang Kai-shek clique, and struggle for the establishment of a new-democratic China. For the timely publication of "Counter-Offensive", Chen Yaolun and his comrades-in-arms spent a lot of painstaking efforts.
Chen Yaolun missed his comrades-in-arms who were far away in his hometown. He was determined to bring the "Counter-Offensive" back to Dazhu, so that his comrades-in-arms could keep abreast of the party's policies and tactics under the new situation and the development situation of the war of liberation, and better carry out the armed struggle in the countryside.
One day in February 1948, Chen Yaolun led home several copies of the newly published Counter-Offensive. In order to escape the secret agent's search, he sewed "Counter Attack" into a cotton coat. However, when he walked to Shiyong Township in Linshui County, he met Bao Yi, the mayor of Linshui Hulin Township. Bao Yi immediately shouted, "Arrest Chen Yaokai's brother, arrest Chen Yaolun!" ”
At that time, Chen Yaokai had led an armed uprising, and Zhangjiachang had been besieged by the Kuomintang troops layer by layer, and there were many large and small roads and sentries. Chen Yaolun did not escape, unfortunately fell into the clutches of the enemy, and was immediately kidnapped and sent to Linshui Prison by Wuhuada.
The "Counter-Offensive" was investigated, and the enemy tried to break the "Counter-Offensive" by following the vine, so he tortured Chen Yaolun for several days and nights. Chen Yaolun was unyielding and did not spit out a word.
In the winter of 1948, Chen Yaolun was secretly escorted to Chongqing and imprisoned in Room 8, 1st Floor, Zha di Dong Prison. Although Chen Yaolun was imprisoned, he still insisted on studying revolutionary theory, and took the Communist Party members as an example and actively participated in the struggle of "fighting for drinking water" and hunger strikes among his friends in prison.
On November 27, 1949, the Kuomintang carried out a massacre of humanity in Zhazhidong Prison, creating the "11.27" bloody case that shocked China and foreign countries. In the dense gunfire, Chen Yaolun collapsed in a pool of blood. He was not a member of the Communist Party, but he spilled the last drop of blood for the cause of communism, at the age of 28.