At present, for the main garlic production areas, it is about to enter the peak period of garlic sowing, we often say that soil, fertilizer, water is the main means of garlic planting management to obtain high yields, of which the level of fertilizer application is the premise of whether garlic can obtain high yields. Therefore, it is necessary to rationalize the fertilization of garlic to garlic farmers and friends to talk about in detail.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="2" > garlic planting management points</h1>
Touching the habits of garlic is the basis for us to grow good garlic. Garlic prefers cold and cool climates and is not tolerant of heat. The most suitable temperature for germination is between 20 °C and 25 °C, when the temperature exceeds 27 °C, garlic will enter dormancy; when the temperature is lower than 15 °C, although it can break the dormancy of garlic balls and promote germination, but the speed of germination is slow. This characteristic of garlic is an important basis for us to determine the sowing period. The most suitable temperature for the growth and development of garlic stems and leaves is 15 °C ~ 20 °C, when the temperature exceeds 25 °C, garlic is prone to plant growth and development, stem and leaf is easy to die, premature aging and sleep and other problems.
The root system of garlic is shallow and has few root hairs, which is very sensitive to environmental changes and water and fertilizer, and the soil where garlic is planted is most suitable for sandy soil with loose, fertile, high organic matter content, good drainage, and soil pH of 5.5 to 7.5. In order to avoid continuous cropping obstacles in garlic, it is advisable to rotate crops with non-onion, ginger and garlic crops such as rice.
In terms of water management, the water should not be too much at the seedling stage to avoid the rot of the mother petal caused by water accumulation in the field. The vigorous growth period of the leaves requires more water and nutrient supply, and when approaching the harvest of garlic, in order to facilitate the storage of garlic, the soil moisture should be properly controlled.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="36" > the management of the physicochemical properties of garlic growing soil</h1>
Before rationalizing fertilization management, if it is a large-scale planting, it is recommended to conduct soil sampling and testing to assess whether there are problems that need to be improved, such as whether the soil pH value is reasonable, whether there is soil salinization, and whether there is nutrients that need to be adjusted.
At present, there are many institutions engaged in soil testing services, after the soil sampling test, you can eliminate the problem or according to the test results, the physical and chemical properties of the soil will be adjusted appropriately after planting, can avoid the cultivation process is not smooth, cost and time wear and tear and other issues, the so-called sharpening knife does not mistakenly cut wood, and then a variety of fertilization management measures will be efficient and meaningful.
For example, for soils with low organic matter content, poor aggregate structure and relatively sticky soil, it is recommended to apply organic fertilizer with high plant crude fiber content and low nitrogen fertilizer content in the land preparation; for soil with high degree of soil salinization, excessive salt ions affect the germination of garlic seeds and the development of primary roots, therefore, the base fertilizer can not be applied too much or no chemical fertilizer, only organic fertilizer; and for acidified soil, alkaline materials, such as bitter soil lime, etc., can be applied to improve soil acidification problems.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="39" > fertilization management for garlic planting</h1>
After understanding the key points of garlic planting management and improving the physical and chemical properties of the soil, we can formulate a reasonable garlic fertilization plan. First of all, we need to understand the fertilization law of garlic.
The characteristics of garlic need to be fattened
Garlic in the growth and development process, the need for fertilizer and fertilizer tolerance, the application of organic fertilizer has a significant effect on increasing yield, in the entire growth and development of garlic, the need for the most nitrogen, followed by potassium, the minimum need for phosphorus. However, the yield of garlic is different, and the amount of nutrient absorption is also different. According to practice, when the yield per mu is 1570 kg, the absorption ratio of garlic to nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is generally 1:0.36:0.72, and in terms of production management, appropriate fertilizer application according to proportion can significantly increase the absorption of nutrients by garlic.
Garlic growth is sensitive to sulfur, copper, boron, zinc and other trace elements, and the increase of these medium and trace element fertilizers can significantly improve the yield and quality of garlic. In addition, the garlic root system is weak, water absorption, fertilizer absorption ability is poor, and the amount of fertilizer required is large, according to this characteristic, fertilization should be based on the principle of a small number of times, after fertilization, immediately watering, is conducive to the absorption and utilization of fertilizer.
Garlic in different growth stages, the absorption of nutrients is also different, the amount of absorption and plant growth status is basically consistent.
Seedling stage: Garlic seedling stage requires less fertilizer, and the nutrient source required for its germination depends on the nutrients stored by the scale buds themselves. And in the case of base fertilizer application of sufficient organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer, there is basically no need for topdressing at this stage.
Flower stem elongation: Flower stem elongation is a vigorous period of garlic nutrient growth, the absorption of nutrients rises rapidly, and the average daily absorption of nutrients reaches a peak before and after garlic harvesting. Therefore, during this period, the focus of field management is topdressing and irrigation to meet the growth needs of flower stems, and to lay the foundation for the expansion of garlic, to prevent premature plant aging and lack of fertilizer during garlic expansion.
Bulb expansion period: After garlic harvesting, the growth of leaves basically stops, entering the vigorous period of bulb expansion, the management of this period focuses on reducing root damage, protecting leaves, preventing premature aging, ensuring that leaves continue to produce nutrients and transfer to bulbs, and promote the expansion of garlic heads.
Rational fertilization techniques for garlic
The fertilization of garlic is mainly basal fertilizer, supplemented by topdressing.
Application of garlic-based fertilizer
The principle of application of base fertilizer is mainly organic fertilizer, supplemented by inorganic chemical fertilizer, and at the same time individually supplemented with trace element fertilizer. It is recommended to apply about 5000 kg of decomposed farm manure per mu, and the shortage of organic fertilizer sources can be replaced by bio-organic fertilizer, and the amount of bio-organic fertilizer applied is 8% of farm manure, that is, about 400 kg, calcium superphosphate 30 to 45 kg (less application in the old planting area, more application in the new planting area), and 50 kg of compound fertilizer for nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium garlic.
Application of garlic topdressing
According to the growth characteristics of garlic in different periods, topdressing mainly includes seedling fertilizer, rejuvenation fertilizer, greening fertilizer and head-picking fertilizer.
Seedling fertilization: After the autumn sowing garlic grows to 2 to 3 leaves, in order to cultivate strong seedlings and ensure the safe overwintering of seedlings, a seedling fertilization can be applied once, and it is recommended to apply 10 kg of urea per mu. Due to the short seedling stage of spring-sown garlic, it is not necessary to apply seedling lifting fertilizer.
Returning to green fertilizer: Autumn sown garlic in the winter after the return to greening, should be combined with watering timely application of returning fertilizer, per mu application of urea 20 kg or nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer 15 kg, early maturing varieties and warmer winter areas, can be early topdressing. Due to the short differentiation period of scale buds and flower buds, the rotten mother stage is also shorter, and the topdressing and watering should also be advanced in advance to improve the extraction rate and reduce the proportion of single-headed garlic.
Fertilization: When the tail of garlic is exposed, that is, when the tip of the total bud protrudes from the leaf sheath, 20 to 30 kg of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer are applied per mu, and the same is true for spring-sown garlic. In addition, when the garlic has just emerged, 20 to 30 mg/L gibberellin or 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution can be sprayed, which can improve the yield of garlic.
Head-inducing fertilizer: After garlic harvesting, it can be combined with irrigation head water, according to soil fertility, garlic growth potential and early fertilization, as appropriate, topdressing head fertilizer, 10 to 15 kg of urea per mu, potassium sulfate 5 to 10 kg, and foliar spraying of 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 1% urea solution.
Reasonable fertilization can not only make garlic grow strong, taste and flavor excellent, but also resist the harm of diseases and insects, but also reduce the cost of fertilizer and pesticide application, and get more profits for cultivated farmers.