The Southern Ming Dynasty is the collective name of the four regimes established by the remnants of the Southern Forces after the fall of the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644).
As a tail dynasty, which also occupies the southern half of the country, the Southern Ming did not unite the power of the Gate Valve family like the Eastern Jin Dynasty after the fall of the Western Jin Dynasty, and the "King and The Horse Shared the World" lasted for 103 years, and it did not last for more than ten years like the Northern Song Dynasty since the shame of Jing Kang, and the Kang King Zhao Zhao established the Southern Song Dynasty after the southern crossing, continuing the Song Dynasty for 152 years.
Nanming began in 1644, its duration, to put it nicely, to the last emperor of the Southern Ming Dynasty, The Yongli Emperor Zhu Youluo, was hanged in Kunming in 1662, it was 18 years, and then expanded the time range, taking Taiwan's Yanping King Zheng Ketuan in 1683 as the end of the qing, it lasted for 39 years, of course, objectively speaking, in practice, in 1659, the Yongli Emperor fled to Burma, which means that the Southern Ming withdrew from the mainland competition, which actually means that the Southern Ming has ended, in this regard, that is, it lasted for 15 years.
As a tail dynasty, the starting point is similar to that of the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the Southern Song Dynasty, and the result is that the Southern Ming only lasted for 15 years, which is simply surprising, and just look at the literal strength of the Southern Ming, but it should not be underestimated, the heyday of the army of millions, the literature has history, the martial arts have Li Dingguo, and occupy half of the country, the emperor is still the king of the Ming Dynasty, it can be said that the strength has strength, the legitimacy of the regime has the legitimacy of the regime, it is the continuation of the Ming Dynasty of the Great Unification Dynasty, but the result is a hasty ending.
So why did Nanming only last for 15 years, today Song Anzhi said.
In terms of Literature and History, Wu has Li Dingguo, Shi Kefa is the iconic figure of the beginning of the Southern Ming Dynasty, which can be described as a famous minister for thousands of years, and Li Dingguo is a tragic and famous general at the end of the Southern Ming Dynasty, with strength, with the material of a great general, and is also loyal to the Southern Ming Court, once turning the tide, but unfortunately the general trend has gone, unable to return to heaven, is a generation of famous generals with wind and bones, these two people are enough to represent the Southern Ming's civil servants and military generals.
However, in fact, although Shi Kefa was impeccable in private morality, but his ability was difficult to say, as a soldier Shangshu who stayed in the capital Nanjing, he could be described as a figure of real power, but the result was indecisive on the issue of Zhu Yousong, the prince of Yongli, originally the Chongzhen Emperor died, and the whereabouts of the crown prince were unknown, which meant that no one could come out to inherit the throne, according to the order of the Fu Emperor Zhu Yousong's father Zhu Changxun was the third son of the Wanli Emperor, and among several relatives, the Fu Clan was the head of the Fu Clan, and it was supposed that the Fu King Zhu Yousong should inherit the throne.
However, because of the "struggle for the foundation of the country" incident that year, the Donglin Party supported Zhu Changluo, the eldest son of the Wanli Emperor, and opposed Zhu Changxun, the third son of the Wanli Emperor, who was favored by the Wanli Emperor, and liangzi on both sides had already taken over, so the Donglin Party in Nanjing, under the name of "Li Xian", had to give up the near and far, did not set up the descendants of the Wanli Emperor, and wanted to meet the Wanli Emperor's nephew Zhu Changshu the Prince of Lu, and the irony was that after the fall of Nanjing, the Xianwang Zhu Changshu was in hangzhou to supervise the country, and in the face of the Qing army, he directly opened the city gate and surrendered, and was later killed in Beijing.
Under the circumstances at that time, Shi Kefa, as a figure of real power, was constantly subject to his chaos, and under indecision, he neither greeted Zhu Yousong, the king of Fu, nor did he want to meet Zhu Changshu, the king of Lu, but thought of a compromise method, wanting to meet The Gui King, who was also the grandson of the Wanli Emperor, and Shi Kefa's indecisiveness was a direct cause of two bad consequences, objectively speaking, it was an important reason for the short existence of the Southern Ming Hongguang regime.
First of all, Shi Kefa did not immediately decide to welcome Zhu Yousong, the prince of Fu, in accordance with the order of the Lun, which directly led to Zhu Yousong, who was most qualified to inherit the unification, and when he saw that he was ostracized by the Donglin Party and had no chance to succeed to the throne, he actually turned to the military generals and lowered his posture to seek the support of huang degong, Liu Liangzuo, Gao Jie, and Liu Zeqing of the four towns in jiangbei, so that he first became a prison state, and then inherited the throne, for the Hongguang Emperor.
In this way, it caused bad consequences, making these achievements to record, and even the Chongzhen Emperor like Liu Zeqing named his Qin King to enter the capital, was a defeated general who fell off a horse and was injured, refused to obey the edict, and fled from Shandong to Huai'an, but instead became a great hero, so that the Hongguang Dynasty's martial generals were flying and flapping, but they restricted the imperial court, and the imperial court's control over it could not even be maintained in name, so the Hongguang Dynasty seemed to have many soldiers and horses, with millions of them, in fact, there were no strong leaders at all, and the central imperial court could not restrain the military generals at all The prestige is swept away, and below it can be described as a scattered sand, all of which are a group of military generals who have no intention of making progress in their desire to smoke their hearts, and how can they resist the Qing army going south in such a situation.
Secondly, Shi Kefa did not want to support the Fu King Zhu Yousong, and also told the governor of Fengyang, Ma Shiying, that the Fu King had seven reasons for the inability to stand, saying that it was useless, and as a result, Ma Shiying saw that the Fu King had the support of the military generals, and immediately saw the wind and made the rudder turn to support the Fu King, as for Shi Kefa's seven unliquivocals, shi Kefa was naturally known to the Fu King, so Shi Kefa was expelled from Nanjing after only half a month after the Fu King's supervision of the state, and had to go to Jiangbei to supervise the division.
The result is that Shi Kefa has been operating in Jiangbei for nearly a year, he is unable to control the generals, he is very inflexible, like after Gao Jie of the four towns in Jiangbei led the army to the north and died in battle, Gao Jie's wife was afraid that her son was too young to convince the public, and wanted her son to worship Shi Kefa as a righteous father, but Shi Kefa rejected this proposal because Gao Jie had come from Li Zicheng's rebel army, missed the great opportunity to win over Gao Jie's troops, and when the Qing army went south, most of the troops would be surrendered, and after the Qing army arrived in Yangzhou, Shi Kefa would rather die than yield. But in fact, it did not cause large-scale casualties to the Qing army.
It can be said that although Shi Kefanin's indomitable wind bone is worthy of recognition, in terms of facts, he is in a high position, but he is indecisive, and the result is a mess in the major affairs of the military and the country, his ability is very poor, and the consequences are very bad, which is an important reason why the Hongguang Dynasty has maintained for less than a year.
As for Li Dingguo, as a famous general at the end of the Southern Ming Dynasty, he was "two famous kings, and the world was shaken", defeated Kong Youde, the king of Dingnan of the Qing Dynasty, forced him to set himself on fire, and also beheaded the Prince of Jingjin, Nikan, which was the most brilliant achievement of the Ming Dynasty in the Qing Dynasty's war against the Qing army since the Qing Taizu Nurhaci raised an army during the Wanli Dynasty.
However, it is a pity that Li Dingguo rose in the Yongli Dynasty, the last dynasty of the Southern Ming Dynasty, when the Southern Ming dynasty did not even have half of the country, and there were many internal contradictions, not only the opponents of the Qing army were strong, but also the internal such as the Qin King Sun Kewang was aggressive and wanted to take the Yongli Emperor and replace it, in that case, although Li Dingguo had brilliant achievements, he could not take advantage of the victory to pursue, and finally although he defeated Sun Kewang, but again and again infighting, making the Yongli regime powerless to resist the Qing army, and finally fled to Burma to survive, until Wu Sangui's army went south and captured the Yongli Emperor. Hanged him in Kunming, and learned that after the death of the Yongli Emperor, Li Dingguo, the last famous general of the Southern Ming Dynasty, was sad and indignant, and soon died of illness, and when he was dying, he confessed that his son and his subordinates would rather die in the wilderness than surrender.
Objectively speaking, Nanming wen has a history of law, in fact, in addition to the wind and bones worthy of affirmation, it did not play any positive role, and Li Dingguo did effectively turn the tide of strength, but unfortunately he only rose during the Yongli Emperor period, when Nanming was already in turmoil, it was not easy for him to achieve brilliant results, he could have expanded the results of the battle, but unfortunately encountered the ambitious Sun Kewang who disregarded the overall situation, although the two infighting won, but Nanming's strength was greatly damaged, and he no longer had the strength to resist the Qing army, so he had to end hastily in a sigh.
In addition to the above reasons, there are also many problems within the Southern Ming, which can be described as a deformed regime that is inherently insufficient, as a continuation of the regime, the Southern Ming did not have a new atmosphere, but inherited various drawbacks of the late Ming Dynasty, such as party struggle, and the struggle is quite fierce, the control of the army is also very low, and no one obeys anyone in the succession, the Lu Wang's supervision regime is constantly fighting with the Longwu government, the Shaowu regime is directly meeting with the Yongli regime, and the great enemy still does not forget the infighting, which are the various reasons for the failure of the Southern Ming.
Moreover, as far as the opponents are concerned, the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the Southern Song Dynasty, and the Southern Ming Dynasty are the stronger the opponents are, if the Eastern Jin Dynasty is only facing barbaric forces with empty force, then the Southern Song Dynasty is facing a powerful and perfect political power, as for the opponents faced by the Southern Ming Dynasty, it is the Qing Dynasty that has only entered the pass after three generations, and the actual ruler of the Qing army, The regent Dolgun, is even more powerful and strategic, constantly improving the political system, adjusting policies, and successively defeating Li Zicheng's Dashun and Zhang Xianzhong's Great West. In the end, it is even more pointing directly at the internally corrupt Nanming, as the weakest of the four major forces, but completed the snake swallowing the elephant, in the face of such an opponent, let alone the internal unbearable regime of Nanming, even other emerging regimes will not necessarily win, so from this point of view, Nanming is not unjustly defeated.
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