Characters and Stories of the Two Jin Dynasties and The Southern and Northern Dynasties (26) - Qiu Chi

Qiuchi State (仇池国) is the name of the regime established by the Yang clan of the Qi clan during the Southern and Northern Dynasties of the Wei and Jin Dynasties, named after the Qiuchi Mountains in Longnan, Gansu Province. The historical Qiuchi State mainly refers to the former Qiuchi State established by Yang Maosu and the later Qiuchi State rebuilt by Yang Ding. The former Qiuchi state was destroyed by Former Qin, and the Later Qiuchi state was destroyed by Liu Song. The Wudu State, Wuxing State, and Yinping State established by the descendants of the Yang clan are also the continuation of the Qiuchi State, so the Qiuchi State in the full sense should refer to the five regimes of the former Qiuchi State, the Later Qiuchi State, the Wudu State, the Wuxing State, and the Yinping State.

The Yang family was a Qingshui people from Luoyang (present-day Hanzhong, Shaanxi), who had been settling in Longyou during the Qin and Han dynasties. At the end of the Han Dynasty, the world was in chaos, Yang Teng's son Yang Ju led his troops to move to Qiuchi, and during the Three Kingdoms, he united with Ma Chao, Han Sui, Yang Qiu of Liangzhou, and Ah Gui, the king of Qiang, who occupied the area of present-day Gansu, to jointly rebel against Cao Cao, and later led a small number of generals to defect to Shu Han due to defeat, and the rest of the people were moved by Cao Cao to fufeng and Tianshui.

Former vendetta pool

During the reign of Emperor Wu of the Western Jin Dynasty, Yang Feilong, a descendant of the Yang clan, was enfeoffed and led the tribe back to Luoyang in the name of the general Zhengxi, with Yang Feilong's nephew Yang Maosou (formerly known as Linghu Maosou) as his adopted son. In 296 AD, Yang Maosou led the tribe to move to Qiuchi, claiming to be the general of the auxiliary state and the king of Right Xian, and the people of the Qi tribe supported the title of king, and established the former Qiuchi State, called qiuchi Gong, whose jurisdiction was Wudu and Yinping Counties.

Before the Eastern Jin Dynasty split 317 AD, Yang Maosou's eldest son Yang Nandi succeeded to the throne, and he was called The Prince of Zuoxian and Tunxia. His brother Yang Jian was the first Right Xian King, Tunhechi (present-day Hui County), and most of the present-day Longnan region was within his control, and his brothers were weakened by internal fighting. In 371, the Qin king Jian Jian sent Yang An to attack Qiuchi and relocate the Qi people to the Guanzhong area, and the former Qiuchi state was destroyed.

The approximate range of the pond

After the vendetta pool

The Battle of Shuishui caused the collapse of Former Qin, and Yang Ding, the son-in-law of Jian Jian, led his troops back to the Longyou area to avoid disaster, and in 385 AD, he proclaimed himself the Duke of Qiuchi, and successively captured Tianshui, Luoyang, Longcheng, Yicheng and other places, becoming a great power alongside Former Qin, Later Qin, and Western Qin. In 394 AD, Qiu Chi fought a war with Western Qin Qifu Qiangui and was killed in failure. When his cousin Yang Sheng succeeded to the throne, only Wudu Commandery and Yinping Commandery were left, after which Qiuchi continued to expand and take advantage of the decline of Western Qin, the weakening of Former Qin and Later Qin, and slowly occupied part of Hanzhong and Chencang to the east, but remained a small projectile state in the Longbian Mountains until 443 AD, when the Later Qiuchi state was destroyed by Northern Wei.

After Hou Qiuchi was destroyed by Northern Wei, the Yang clan was not reconciled, so they found the Liu Song Dynasty, which was also unwilling to make Northern Wei strong, and with the support of the Liu Song Dynasty, established the Wudu State, which became the object of joint solicitation between the Southern And Northern Dynasties, and at the same time accepted the canonization of the two major regimes in the North and the South, and lived a rather moist life. The state of Wudu was divided in 477 AD and divided into the state of Wuxing in the north and the state of Yinping in the south, with the state of Wuxing favoring the northern dynasty and the state of Yinping favoring the southern dynasty. The state of Wuxing was annexed by Western Wei in 553. In the Northern Zhou Dynasty, because northern Zhou annexed Sichuan, the Yinping state lost the protection of the Southern Dynasty and had to switch to Northern Zhou, and finally was annexed by Northern Zhou in 580 AD.