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△ Fang Bao made a guest appearance on the interview video of "Dreamers Say - I And the 40-Year Sharing Meeting of the Special Economic Zone"
"The people of Bao'an at that time could not imagine that Shenzhen would become so prosperous today; the new Shenzhen people could not imagine the old appearance of Bao'an County in those days." The 89-year-old Fang Bao talked about the vicissitudes of Shenzhen in the past 40 years.
In 1979, Bao'an County was reorganized into Shenzhen City, and Fang Bao, then secretary of the Bao'an County Party Committee, was transferred to the deputy secretary of the Shenzhen Municipal Party Committee, and was one of the elders of the establishment of Shenzhen City and Shenzhen Special Economic Zone. In 1984, he went to Zhuhai and served as the secretary of the municipal party committee for 3 years.
A few days ago, the "DreamErs Say - I And the Special Economic Zone 40 Years Sharing Meeting" sponsored by Nanfang Daily and Nanfang + Client had the honor of inviting Fang Bao to reminisce about the years of burning passion. He said: The great changes in Shenzhen today are the result of the older generation and the new generation of Shenzhen people, under the guidance of the central government's policy of reform and opening up, daring to try and really grasp the work of hard work, not by patting their chests or by talking about them in the air.
Fang Bao is a "pioneering cow" in the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone, but he is always humble. He said: "I also think that if I had changed someone else to do it, I might have done it better than I did." But I asked myself if I had tried my best. ”
■At the beginning of construction
"It is difficult to develop without breaking through the highly centralized planned economic system"
Nanfang Daily, Nanfang + Client: A few days ago, the 40th anniversary celebration meeting of the Establishment of the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone was held in Shenzhen, and General Secretary Xi Jinping delivered an important speech at the meeting. As an important participant in the construction of the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone, how do you feel after listening to the general secretary's speech?
Fang Bao: After listening to the general secretary's speech, my excitement could not be calmed down for a long time, and the great changes that occurred before and after the establishment of the special economic zone and the hardships of the initial period of the special economic zone repeatedly appeared in my mind.
The general secretary's important speech summed up the "ten valuable experiences" of the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone in the past 40 years of reform, opening up, and innovative development, affirmed the "five historic leaps", and entrusted Shenzhen with the historical mission of "building a pioneering demonstration zone of socialism with Chinese characteristics" and "promoting the construction of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area". The "speech" is not only a high summary of the 40 years of the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone daring to try and practice, but also a powerful driving force for leading the innovative development of the Special Economic Zone in the new era, which will promote the glory of Shenzhen's innovation in the new era and new starting point.
Nanfang Daily, Nanfang + Client: Can you help us recall what Shenzhen looked like 40 years ago?
Fang Bao: Shenzhen City, formerly known as Bao'an County, is an agricultural border county based on rice cultivation. From 1966 to 1978, the county's peasant collective distribution income increased by an average of 2% per year, while the income of farmers in the New Territories under British jurisdiction increased by double digits every year, and mass smuggling outflows were repeatedly prohibited and intensified. Successive leading bodies have spent a lot of effort and failed to solve the problem. In the meantime, cadres at all levels in Bao'an have worked hard to make the peasants rich, so why is the gap between them and the rural areas in the New Territories still getting wider and wider?
After many investigations and repeated considerations, we believe that the root cause is the obstacle of the system, the highly centralized planned economic system, the rural management system based on the three levels of all teams, and the price management system that violates the law of value.
In April 1978, Comrade Xi Zhongxun was appointed Secretary of the Guangdong Provincial Party Committee. In July of that year, he went to Bao'an to inspect and investigate, agreed with our analysis, and approved our proposal to relax the border policy, so that Bao'an's economy could develop rapidly.
"Dreamers Say - I Shared with the SAR for 40 Years" scene
Nanfang Daily, Nanfang + Client: Comrade Xi Zhongxun went to Bao'an to inspect, where did he go?
Fang Bao: He has a down-to-earth style, does not make superficial articles, and when he arrives, he says: "I don't listen to the report, go down and read it." In 3 days, I saw the social enterprises, and also saw the newly introduced "three to one supplement" enterprises, visited the homes of rural grass-roots cadres, and talked with smugglers. On the way to Sha Tau Kok, he saw two farmers handcuffed along the road. He asked me, why did I arrest people?
Nanfang Daily, Nanfang + Client: Escape Port?
Fang Bao: Yes, the border guards arrested it. It was more than 7 p.m. when I returned from Sha Tau Kok, it was already dark, and I hadn't eaten yet. He insisted on finding the two stowaways to find out what was going on. The stowaway said: "I don't have enough to eat, the distribution income is low, I heard that Hong Kong can earn hundreds of yuan a month, I want to go to Hong Kong." As soon as Comrade Xi Zhongxun heard it, he understood.
He saw on Ck Ying Street in Sha Tau Kok that the crowd of shoppers in Hong Kong was endless, and our side was cold and depressed, and his heart was very uncomfortable. I think that at this time, he has accurately determined that the root cause of smuggling is the slow development of our economy. He agreed with our proposals on resuming small-scale non-governmental trade among border peasants, expanding transit farming, adjusting tens of thousands of mu of rice fields to be planted and exporting vegetables, and improving the operation and export of state-owned foreign trade companies.
Fang Bao, former deputy director of the Standing Committee of the Provincial People's Congress, former deputy secretary of the Shenzhen Municipal Party Committee, and former secretary of the Zhuhai Municipal Party Committee, visited Nanfang Daily and Nanfang + Client to host the "Dreamers Say - I And the Special Economic Zone 40 Years Sharing Meeting"
■ Face doubts
"Firmly believe in reform and opening up, never waver, never hesitate"
Nanfang Daily, Nanfang + Client: In August 1980, the party and the state approved the establishment of a special economic zone in Shenzhen. At that time, what was the reaction of the cadres and masses in Shenzhen?
Fang Bao: The major policy decisions made by the party and the state on reform, opening up, and the establishment of special economic zones conform to the aspirations and urgent demands of the people in urban and rural areas. Through practice, the broad masses of cadres and masses have profoundly felt that the central authorities have made correct policy decisions, strengthened the country and enriched the people, seen the major opportunities and hopes for development, rejoiced, enthusiastically supported, and plunged themselves wholeheartedly into reform and opening up.
Nanfang Daily, Nanfang + Client: Were there any worries about the cadres at that time? How to solve it?
Fang Bao: At the same time as the construction of special zones and the rapid development of urban and rural economies, there have also been some smuggling and corruption phenomena. While people from all over the country who come to Shenzhen to visit Shenzhen generally praise the rapid development of the SAR, there are also some criticisms: Some people think that smuggling and corruption are caused by reform and opening up, some people doubt that the SAR is "surnamed society or surname capital", some people say that "except for the five-star red flag, everything else has changed"; a certain newspaper also published an article entitled "The Origin of the Concession", which implies something. When Shenzhen cadres heard these criticisms, they were mainly worried that they would tighten their policies for fear of affecting the determination of the leaders.
In the face of these criticisms, the vast majority of Shenzhen cadres did not take the time to refute them, but wholeheartedly threw themselves into their work, striving to do a better job and answering them with results. In practice, everyone improved their shortcomings, made up for their deficiencies, and actively explored, and gradually formed a good style and method.
Nanfang Daily, Nanfang + Client: At that time, the division of the scope of the special zone was heard to be debated.
Fang Bao: At the beginning, there were different opinions. The central and provincial party committees made scientific decisions, made democratic decisions, solicited opinions on many occasions, and sent working groups to conduct field research and asked us to put forward preliminary plans. At that time, there was an opinion that the whole of Shenzhen was divided into special zones, and lao Bao'an cadres generally had this requirement. Another opinion is to learn from the practice of foreign export processing zones, advocating that the special zones be smaller, a few square kilometers to tens of square kilometers, and they are mainly worried that the area is too large to manage, worried that once mass smuggling and smuggling occur, they cannot be controlled in time, and they are worried that the special zone policy will be canceled.
The leading body of Shenzhen Municipality listened to the opinions and reasons of both sides, repeatedly deliberated and discussed, and determined the principle that it is necessary to make full use of the terrain to facilitate the strengthening of management, and also to have a considerable area, so that the special zone can have a relatively large space for development within a certain period of time. Through on-site investigation and investigation, the municipal party committee formed a third plan, that is, backed by the Wutong Mountain Range and the Yangtai Mountain Range, facing Dapeng Bay and Shenzhen Bay, from the East to the Pass of The Boy Point, and in the west to the junction of Nantou and Xixiang Towns, with a total area of 372.5 square kilometers. The central and provincial party committees approved the plan.
Southern Daily, Southern + client reporter Zhao Yang
■ 40 years of emotion
"I asked myself if I had tried my best"
Nanfang Daily, Nanfang + Client: I heard that you have said that as long as Bao'an does not get rid of poverty for a day, I hope that the organization will not transfer you away from Bao'an.
Fang Bao: This was said on August 15, 1981. At that time, the Shenzhen Municipal Party Committee held a meeting of third-level cadres to announce that with the approval of the superiors, the bao'an county system would be restored, and I would once again serve as the secretary, and within two years the county party committee would move out of the special zone and build a new county office. All the former Bao'an cadres who worked in the city returned to Bao'an.
I expressed my position at the meeting of cadres at the third level: "I have twice served as the secretary of the Bao'an County CPC Committee, but I have not been able to lift Bao'an out of poverty and become rich, and now the central authorities have determined the policy of reform and opening up, which has provided favorable conditions for Bao'an to become rich." I am determined to work together with the people of Bao'an to make Bao'an rich as soon as possible. Bao'an can't get rich for a day, I hope the organization will let me continue to work in Bao'an, during which if I die, please bury my ashes under the lychee trees in Lou Village and Dongfang Village, and do my last effort to make Bao'an rich. ”
Nanfang Daily, Nanfang + Client: For 40 years, Bao'an has long been rich. How would you describe the changes in Shenzhen over the past 40 years?
Fang Bao: In the past, some news media also asked me the same question in interviews, and I said that in the past, Bao'an people could not imagine how to imagine that Shenzhen would become so prosperous today; the new Shenzhen people could not imagine the old appearance of Bao'an County before the founding of Shenzhen.
Nanfang Daily, Nanfang + Client: You have held important leadership positions in both the Shenzhen and Zhuhai Special Economic Zones. Looking back at the great cause of the construction of special economic zones, how do you feel?
Fang Bao: Decades of life, in the blink of an eye, I am very fortunate to have worked in two special zones, I often reflect on what I did not do well enough, if I let me start again, how can I do better. I also thought that if I had changed someone else to do it, I might have done it better than I did. But I asked myself if I had tried my best.
【Planning】Yao Yanyong Xie Sijia
【Coordinator】Zhao Yang, Hu Liangguang, Zhang Youqiong
[Producer] Zhao Yang Liang Wenyue
[Moderator] Zhao Yang
【Text】Qi Lei Qian Mingya
【Photo】 Zhu Hongbo
【Poster】Wu Yinglan Pan Jie