The Sui Emperor Yang Guang was the second emperor of the Sui Dynasty, the second son of the Sui Emperor Yang Jian and the Empress Dowager Dugu jia (jiā) Luo Yan (dí).
During his reign, he dredged (jùn) on the basis of many canals built by his predecessors, repaired the Grand Canal of the Sui Dynasty, built the eastern capital Luoyang, and moved the capital to Luoyang.
The Sui Emperor liked to fight wars, frequently launched wars, the western conquest of Tuguhun, the three conquests of Goguryeo; the abuse of people's power, poverty and luxury, triggered a nationwide peasant uprising, the world chaos, resulting in the collapse of the Sui Dynasty.
In 618, Jiangdu mutinied and was killed by Yu Wenhua and rebels.
Let's take a look at the king of the fallen kingdom:
1. Succeed to the throne as emperor
In 600, Yang Guang, Zhang Heng, and others made up a plan to constantly frame Yang Yong and seize the crown prince; Emperor Wen of Sui finally deposed Yang Yong and made Yang Guang crown prince.
In 604, after Yang Guang succeeded to the throne, he falsely passed on the will of Emperor Wen of Sui and forced Yang Yong to commit suicide.
In fact, Emperor Wen of Sui was killed; Zhao Yi's "Outline of the Great Cause": Emperor Wen of Sui was poisoned by Zhang Heng.
His brother Yang Xiu, the King of Shu, was framed by him, used the gǔ to curse Emperor Wen of Sui and his younger brother Yang Shu of Han, was stripped of his official title, demoted to shù min, and placed under house arrest in the province of Shì; he was later placed under house arrest with his sons and forbidden to meet his wife.
His brother Yang Shu (杨匯) the Prince of Han raised an army in Hezhou in the name of currying favor with Yang Su; Yang Guang sent Yang Su to suppress it, and Yang Shu was imprisoned to death after his surrender.
In 607, Yang Guang killed his nephew Yang Yu (yǎn), the Prince of Changning, and demoted the remaining nephews, yang Yong's sons, to Lingnan, where they were all executed on the way.
2. Construction of the West Garden
In 605 AD, Yang Guang ordered the construction of the Xianren Palace, and the strange materials and stones from the south of the Great River and the north of wuling were transported to Luoyang, and the garden was enriched with Jiamu and exotic grasses and rare birds and animals in the sea.
The West Garden is 200 miles in circumference, there is a sea in the garden, and the circumference is more than ten miles; the sea has built the sacred mountains of Penglai (lái), abbot, Ying (yíng) Continent, the mountains are more than 100 feet above the water surface, and the Taiguan Pavilion is scattered on the mountain, no matter from any aspect, it is like a fairyland.
To the north of the garden, there is the Dragon Scale Canal (qú), which meanders into the sea; along the Dragon Scale Canal, sixteen courtyards have been built, and the courtyard gate is adjacent to the canal, each courtyard is presided over by Lady Sipin, and the hall and building view in the courtyard are extremely gorgeous.
In the autumn and winter of the trees in the palace, after the branches and leaves have withered, they cut the color silk for flowers and leaves, embellished (zhuì) on the branches, and the color is replaced with a new one when it is old, so that the scenery is often like the spring of the sun; the pool also cuts the colored silk, made of lotus, qiì (jì), rhombus (líng), and qiàn.
When Emperor Jue came to play, he removed the pond ice, arranged the colored silk, and made it into a beautiful scenery of Yangchun; the Sixteen Courtyards competed to use the exquisite food of the xiū to get Yang Guang's favor.
Yang Guang likes to lead thousands of palace girls on the night of the moon, riding horses to play in the Xiyuan, he composed the "Night Tour" and played it on horseback.
3. Repair the canal and build a luxury dragon boat to tour the river capital
Yang Guang ordered the construction of the canal, the transfer of Henan, the construction of the "Tongji Canal" (qú) by more than one million people in the northern counties of Huai (huái), and it took six years before and after the excavation of the Grand Canal to dredge the Tongji Canal from the Yellow River into the Biàn ( Biàn ) Water , then from the Huai River into the Tongji Canal of the Huai River , from the Huai River into the Han (hán) Ditch of the Yangtze River , from Jingkou to the Jiangnan River of Huiji ( jī ) , to the North to the Yongji Canal in Zhuo (Zhuō) County.
Yang Guang also ordered Wang Hong and others to go to Jiangnan and build tens of thousands of dragon boats and miscellaneous ships for Yang Guang to use several times in the capital of Xingjiang; the officials (lì) in Luoyang supervised the labor service (yì) severely and urgently, and forty-fifths of the servants died.
The dragon boat was built in four weights, 40 to 50 feet high and 200 feet long; the upper weight had the main hall, the inner hall, and the east and west court halls; the middle two, with 120 rooms, all decorated with gold and jade, and the lower weight was the residence of the inner servant (shì).
When Emperor Jue toured the capital of Jiangdu, he led 100,000 or 200,000 kings, hundreds of officials, concubines (fēi), palace women, and other 100,000 people, and the captain of the ship reached more than 200 miles; the prefectures and counties he passed through had to contribute food within 500 miles, and the squandering and waste was very serious.
4. An emperor who loves poetry
Yang Guang's poetry occupies an important position in the history of Chinese literature and poetry; the Quan Sui Poems record more than 40 of his poems, of which the more famous ones are "Spring River Flower Moon Night" and two.
Former Vice Minister of Culture Zheng Zhen (zhèn) Duo (duó): Although Yang Guang was not a very clever politician, he was a wonderful poet.
The Sui Emperor was also an emperor who did not do the right thing, and his mind was used in the dance of literature and ink, and he was slack in governing the country.
In 605 AD, Yang Guang built Tokyo, which lasted ten months and used two million people per month.
In 612 AD, the first attack on Goguryeo enlisted more than 1.13 million soldiers (zú); another 2 million men were mobilized to transport armor, grain, etc.; the migrant workers who built sea boats stood in the water day and night, their skin festering, maggots (qu) below the waist, and many dead.
In 613 AD, the peasant revolt not only spread throughout Shandong, Hebei and other places, but also developed to the whole country; Yang Guang wanted to intimidate the people with the terror policy of bloody massacre and kill all those captured; but he could not prevent more peasant uprisings, but on the contrary, more people joined the peasant uprising army.
In 614, Yang Guang sent his army to attack Goguryeo for the third time, because the peasant revolt at the end of the Sui Dynasty had spread throughout the country, and the Sui Dynasty was in danger, and finally had to negotiate and collect troops.
Zhu Yuanzhang: The Sui Dynasty Emperor vainly revived the brigade, requisitioned the Liu (liú) ball, killed the Yi (yí) people, burned their palaces, and captured thousands of men and women; the land was not enough to supply, the people were not enough to make orders, in vain, they vainly admired the false name, and they self-deprecated (bì) Middle-earth; recorded in the annals of history, ridiculed by future generations.
In 618, Yu Wenhua and launched a mutiny, Yang Guangwen changed, changed his clothes, and fled into the Western Pavilion; he was captured by the rebels Pei (péi) Qián (qián), Yuan Li, Ma Wenju, etc.; Yang Guang wanted to drink poisoned wine and commit suicide, but the rebels were not allowed to hang him (yì) and kill him (shì), at the age of forty-nine.