Li
Member of Jilin Provincial Health Science Popularization Expert Database
Head of the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine
Li Jun: Member of Jilin Provincial Health Science Popularization Expert Database, Head of Cardiovascular Surgery in the Department of Orthopedics of the Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. He was a guest on the "Health Lecture Hall" column of Jilin News Comprehensive Broadcasting, and gave a special lecture on "World Thrombosis Day - Can't Hold It, Get Moving".
October 13 is the 11th World Blood Clot Day. Venous thromboembolism is the third leading cause of cardiovascular disease in clinical practice. Venous thrombosis is a preventable and treatable disease, and active and effective prevention can significantly reduce its incidence, and standardized diagnosis and treatment can significantly reduce its mortality rate. Let's look at a few questions about venous thrombosis.
1. Where do blood clots come from?
For example, blood flows in veins, like flowing water in a river. There is sediment in the river, and there are blood cells in the blood; The river is blocked by a dam, and the blood is also controlled by valves. If the water flow is slow, it is very easy to cause sediment to fall and the riverbed to be blocked, which will cause the river to run around and flood. In the same way, if the blood is thick with lipids and many clotting factors, blood cells will naturally accumulate and stick together, and eventually coagulate into blood clots.
Most of the blood clots that people often refer to are venous thrombosis, which tend to occur in the legs and lungs, and are more common in the legs. Venous thrombosis of the lower extremities covers the largest area in the population, accounting for 80%~90% of all thrombosis types. In particular, people who are paralyzed in bed for a long time, have surgical or fracture trauma, have malignant tumors, oral contraceptives, and people who are older than 60 years old, accompanied by hypertension, diabetes, stroke, obesity, and antithrombin deficiency, often have their own blood flow slowed down, blood becomes sticky, and they are more likely to produce venous thrombosis.
Clinically, deep vein thrombosis is mainly manifested as swelling, pain, tenderness, redness, edema, varicose veins, skin ulcers, and even "old rotten legs" of the affected limb. Once the embolus falls off, it reaches the lungs with the blood flow and blocks the pulmonary artery, which will cause the patient's fatal "pulmonary embolism triad", that is, dyspnea, chest pain and hemoptysis, and in severe cases, sudden death may occur at any time.
2. Typical symptoms of thrombosis
Venous thrombosis often occurs without warning. The onset of symptoms suggests that deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary embolism (PE) has occurred. Symptoms such as pain, swelling and redness of the limbs, elevated body temperature, unexplained shortness of breath, and chest pain that worsens during deep breathing should prompt medical attention.
(1) Swelling of the limbs
(2) Leg pain and ulcers
(3) Increased skin temperature
(4) Shortness of breath or rapid heartbeat
(5) Chest pain, dizziness, syncope
3. Q: People who are prone to hair
(1) Lower limb fracture/severe trauma
(2) After recent surgery
(3) Stroke, atrial fibrillation and other cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases
(4) Pregnancy and puerperium
(5) Patients with malignant tumors
(6) Long-term bed rest
(7) Sedentary, long-distance travel
(8) Advanced age (≥ 60 years old)
4. Q: How can I self-test if I have deep vein thrombosis?
(1) Use a tape measure to measure the leg circumference at 10 cm below the knee, when the difference between the leg circumference on both sides is greater than 3 cm, it means that the affected side has been swollen, indicating that venous thrombosis may be at work, and it is necessary to seek medical attention as soon as possible to determine the cause.
(2) Press the gastrocnemius muscle on the back of the calf, if the tenderness is obvious, it indicates the possibility of thrombosis.
5. Q: I find that I may have venous thrombosis, how should I treat it?
6. How can blood clots be prevented?
If you want to stay away from thrombosis, you must start at the source. People with hyperlipidemia, hypertension, hyperglycemia and other related underlying diseases should first reduce blood viscosity as soon as possible, take anticoagulant drugs, and carry out simultaneous treatment for the underlying disease, so as to completely eradicate the soil that breeds thrombosis.
At the same time, if you stand still for several hours in your daily life, the risk of venous thrombosis increases, and moving is an effective prevention and control measure. Therefore, no matter how busy you are every day, you can't stand or sit for a long time, it is best to get up for an hour or two to walk, take a walk, stretch your lower waist, or do leg activities, such as ankle pump exercises, including toe flexion, back extension, wrapping and flexion and extension of the knee joint, and try to maintain the maximum amplitude. Insist 3~5 times a day, 3~5 minutes each time.
Patients who have been bedridden for a long time must change their positions regularly, elevate their lower limbs by 20 to 30 degrees, and actively carry out active or passive training of their lower limbs, such as foot dorsiflexion, knee and ankle extension and flexion, leg lifts, abduction and external rotation, adduction and internal rotation, and other activities. Family members or caregivers should regularly help patients turn over, massage, and massage to promote and speed up blood circulation in the limbs, so as not to let the joints deform, and not to give blood clots a chance to "sprout".
In addition, patients who have been bedridden for a long time should pay attention to the following points.
(1) In the cold autumn and winter, it is important to pay attention to cold protection and warmth, and take care of the health of blood vessels.
(2) Develop the habit of regular bowel movements, keep the stool smooth, and avoid increased abdominal pressure caused by straining to defecate, which hinders the venous return of the lower limbs.
(3) Maintain a good emotional state.
(4) Quit smoking and drinking.
(5) Drink more water, daily water intake is 1500~2000 ml.
(6) Pay attention to a light, low-fat and fiber-rich diet, such as fresh fruits and vegetables, chicken, fish and shrimp, and avoid spicy, irritating and greasy foods such as strong tea, coffee, cola and fatty meat.
(7) Wear elastic stockings to enhance venous return and delay the process of varicose veins of the lower limbs.
Broadcast frequency: Jilin News Comprehensive Radio FM91.6 \AM738
Column: "Health Lecture Hall"
Broadcast time: Saturday and Sunday 17:00-17:30
Program hotline: 0431-85815111, 85815999, 85815199
Article source: original · Jilin News Comprehensive Broadcasting
Image source: Reprint· The Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine
Editors: Yue Jia, Zixin
First trial: Hao Zili
Re-examiner: Zhong Xiao
Final review: Zhao Min
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