Camus, Sartre, they themselves are not outsiders. They are very persistent utilitarians. They pretend to be indifferent. A persistent person, depicting indifference, a very so-called person, who behaves indifferently, this is the hypocrisy of existentialism.
Modern man is not the offspring of the former man. Modern people refuse to take care of their own affairs, which is a kind of alienation, too selfish, and even more alienated.
I think that those who can start the movement are generally second-rate characters. Among the animals and birds, examples can be found: eagles, tigers, and lions, all lonely and unsociable, cows, horses, sheep, ants, a large flock, and wow. The most gregarious are maggots.
So the golden age of literature was the nineteenth century. The great writers of that time were not social, and there was no writers' association at that time. The nineteenth century was a glorious one.
De ·Beauvoir has a saying, which I admire: "Women are not born, they become." "Fortunately, she is speaking in a literary way. I once said that there are three (at least) things in the world that men make: first, goldfish. Second, chrysanthemums. Three, women.
We're talking about the history of literature. When I talk about existentialism, I focus on its literature. The characteristics of this literature can be summarized in three aspects:
Distinctly philosophical.
One, philosophy will pass, literature can grow. Religion can change, and temples remain. Confucius and Mencius, Lao Zhuang, Xunzi, Mozi, and Sima Qian, their philosophical thoughts, left pure literature. Sima Qian is a historian, and I think he is a literary genius. What is the greatest thing in the world, art is the greatest, but art has always been made into a little girl. In the past, no matter how great an artist was, he was inferior, until Beethoven consciously said: "The artist is higher than the emperor." ”
This kind of person is really happy! Speak up. Goethe didn't dare either, so he called Napoleon and lost face. Nietzsche, yet another proposed that art is above all else.
I think if a book can shake me three times, I will love it for the rest of my life.
Second, existentialism has a second characteristic, which is to place characters in specific situations (the so-called situational drama), let the environment dictate people's actions, and people then choose to act, resulting in essence - in fact, traditional drama is also like this.
It is impossible for people to be understood. Father, wife and children, do you really understand? You don't know.
Love is an illusion, the person in your arms, you really possess it? Got it? Siamese people are the most pitiful, the most terrible, more pitiful than the disabled. One is going to drink, and the other is drunk; One is going to sleep, the other is going to sing......
So, people, individual people, are beautiful, happy—to put it nicely, lonely—are actually individuals.
Artists should be "charming", study people. Dostoevsky, Balzac, desperately studied people.
People have become weird, it's human nature, it's weird as soon as they come up, it's not unusual. I'm going to write it, and I'll stick to a person's ordinariness. He's weird, I'm not going to be happy, I think he's still ordinary. An old friend who used to talk to me about Nietzsche when he was young said to me in his later years: I am also a seventeenth-level cadre in literature and art!
Nietzsche has become a seventeenth-level cadre of literature and art?! Is it weird? Because he is ordinary.
Westerners also live a very ordinary life. Relatively speaking, the psychology of the Chinese, many alleys, many alleys, Chinese writers have not yet gone to go.
When writing a novel, you have to keep it - write about ordinary people, write about small people. Strategically, writing about the little people is a cut above the weirdos. They find weirdos to write about, thinking they have found a way out. They write about freaks and weirdos, and I write about normal people. Heroes, beauties, love, I don't write.
Nietzsche, Schopenhauer, Freud, also influenced black humor. In modern times, it is inseparable from these few thinkers - thinkers who think there and influence the whole world.
They all talk about Homer, but few people have read "The Odyssey". Writing about the psychology of sex does not necessarily mean reading Freud.
Writing about the dark side, writing about human nature, I thought it was the vocation of a writer - Solzhenitsyn, and I still respect him. His world view and artistic outlook are simpler, but his indictment literature is a great morality.
Armed Specs is undoubtedly a good book. What's so good? It's both surrealism and realism, and it's very full. As for the shortcomings, the common problem of black humor - for the sake of irony, things are exaggerated and distorted to the point of outrageousness, absurdity, and depth is lost. By this depth, I mean the depth of reason, meaning, and humanity.
Art cannot be completely absurd. The absurd deconstructs authenticity, and the lack of realism – especially fiction – makes art tasteless. People are very pitiful, and when people's minds develop to a high level, they know that there is no absolute truth, it is impossible. But this kind of life is boring, so people cling to relative truth, live, and make life a little more interesting.
How so? Metaphor: Life is like a dream, not real. But life is more real than dreams, so life is worth living. The lover in my dreams is still not as good as the real lover, I want to see the true lover. I love life, not dreams.
People invite you to dinner, a date place is a restaurant in China Street, a place is in a dream, where are you going? I'm always in my dreams. (Write "wo bag" on the blackboard, and say as you write: "The word wo bag, very wretched.") ”）
Don't give up on being real. This only truth is gone, there is nothing. Wisdom, morality, trembling live in this little bit of truth, and we live by this little bit of truth.
The absurdist wants to destroy this only truth.
These arguments about the truth are a big deal and a small fuss. How to make a big fuss? There are two approaches: the whole of modern art and modern philosophy is destroying relative reality. Second, the human spirit is unable to survive after destroying the relative reality.
If there is a magician who can make you dream every day, but your life is still ordinary—you must choose to live.
Religion attributes absolute life to God. In ancient times, when people believed in God, they lived in peace, felt that there was absolute truth, and believed that when people died, they returned to God and were separated—so life in ancient times was very good!
Later, it was philosophy and science that dismantled the platform of religion, and philosophy became the plaintiff against religion, and science was a witness next to it. Art, which is the supreme example of atheism, not only denies God, but replaces God, not only cancels God's promises, but also creates its own promises, which are immediately fulfilled in this world.
As soon as God dies, man's moral and psychological basis is dead. In the nineteenth century, God died, in the twentieth century, man died, and this is the landscape of the twentieth century, which can be said to be the last one.
Humanity began to behave in a misrage.
Literature of all stripes is anti-traditional, anti-Tolstoy, anti-Balzac. Mass suicide. What is the reason? Are there any constructive comments?
One, there is no truth.
Second, it is relatively real.
Third, there is a limit to everything, which can be called mechanical strength and physical strength.
You will ask: So what do you live on? Quite simply, I'm content with being relatively real. Theism, atheism, is a play. Once upon a time I loved someone, I knew that faithfulness was impossible. It is impossible for a person to eat only apples and not other fruits—or else to know what apples taste like—faithfulness is impossible. Faithfulness is tedious.
Objectively does not interfere with you, subjectively, two people love each other, okay? No, both are old – that's the truth.
When I face this reality, how can I achieve relative truth? Once upon a time, I loved her, and she loved me, and there was a sense of the psyche, and there was joy in the flesh, and that's it, that's it. This is relatively true.
Lovers turn enemies, easily. It's hard to be a lover of a friend.
Be sure to be relatively true. The meaning of husband and wife is to live together according to morality and obligation, to keep the covenant, and not to ask for love. Love is youth, beauty, and mystery. As for husband and wife, they share blessings and difficulties.
Love, based on sex, turns into all kinds of non-sexual fantasies and myths - it boils down to sex. It is said that sexual characteristics are sexual organs, but in fact, the first sexual organ is the face. I'm sorry that humans walk around every day with sexual characteristics.
Hair, skin, etc., are all sexual characteristics. It can be seen that the Creator intended fornication.
The good thing about love is that it is the starting point of sex, and what virtues and wisdom are aroused. True love will sacrifice itself at a critical moment.
Conclusion: People who pursue absolute truth cannot enjoy relative truth. Meaning, he doesn't enjoy anything.