There are many plant names of chrysanthemums, and the ancients divided chrysanthemums into two kinds according to the taste of the entrance: "chamomile" and bitter barley.
"Bitter barley" is a chrysanthemum with a slightly "bitter" taste, which is what we often call "wild chrysanthemum". The original name record began with the "Rihuazi Materia Medica", that is, the "Daming Materia Medica". Song Yang Wanli said: "When we meet in the middle of the mountain in the evening, I am busy and break a branch of yellow." That's what I'm talking about.
Picture 01~02): Chrysanthemum with beautiful appearance
And "chamomile" is the chrysanthemum that we are all more familiar with, there are white and yellow, of course, after the descendants have been artificially improved and cultivated, there are many "flower color" and "variegated" varieties.
Among the colorful natural resource plants, chrysanthemums have become a beautiful landscape in autumn with their unique posture, beautiful colors and rich cultural connotations.
As a representative of Asteraceae plants, chrysanthemum not only attracts the attention of countless people with its beautiful appearance, but also wins people's love and favor with its unique biological characteristics, wide range of medicinal and edible values, and interesting stories that have been passed down from generation to generation.
Picture 03~04): Yellow chrysanthemum
In this issue, Qingjiang Crane will focus on and chat with all the teachers about the topic of "chrysanthemum". I hope you like and actively participate in the interaction, forward and share the pictures and texts of this issue.
Chrysanthemum is a perennial herbaceous plant of the genus Chrysanthemum in the family Asteraceae of the class Dicotyledonous plants:
"Chrysanthemum" is a "general" name, and there are many kinds of plants that can be called "chrysanthemum". Especially under the improvement and cultivation of modern agricultural technology, there will be more and more varieties. Chrysanthemums belong to the genus Asteraceae and are perennial herbaceous plants.
Picture 05~06): different varieties of chrysanthemums
Lu Dian's "Pi Ya" said: Ju Ben is "蘜", "蘜" from "bow", that is, "exhausted". In the "Moon Order", it is said: "In September, chrysanthemums bloom yellow flowers, and the flowers have bloomed to the end at this time, so it is called bow." "Juhua" is also known as "Juhua", which is what we call "chrysanthemum" today.
And because it is said in Cui Shi's "Moon Order" that "Women's Day" and "Nühua" are the names of chrysanthemums, so chrysanthemums are called "Women's Day" and "Nühua". Those who are "Hua" correspond to their festivals.
Picture 07~08): White chrysanthemum
Later, different classics gave different nicknames to chrysanthemums according to the different parts of the chrysanthemum used in medicine. For example, the roots of chrysanthemums are called "curing strengths" and "day essences", and the stems and flowers of chrysanthemums are called "regeneration" and "Zhou Ying".
There are many kinds of chrysanthemums with different forms. Yellow or purple, red or white. or thick and elegant, or plain as a cloud. Li Shangyin said that chrysanthemums are "dark and faint purple, melting and smelting yellow".
Wu Rui said: "The flower is big and fragrant, it is chamomile." The flowers are small and yellow, and they are yellow chrysanthemums. If the flower is small and the smell is not good, it is a wild chrysanthemum. ”
Li Shizhen said: There are no less than 100 varieties of chrysanthemums, and the roots are self-growing. The stems and leaves are of different colors.
Image 09~10): Pink and fuchsia chrysanthemums
Liu Mengquan, Fan Zhineng, and Shi Zhengzhi in the Song Dynasty all wrote chrysanthemum scores, but they were not all included. Chrysanthemum not only has the distinction of "spring", "summer", "autumn" and "winter", but also the difference of taste "pungent, sweet and bitter", and the difference in the morphology of "stem, leaf and flower".
Chrysanthemum stems erect or prostrate, branched or unbranched, covered with pubescence, showing the resilience of life.
There are 300~400 varieties of chrysanthemums recorded in the Qing Dynasty's "Guangqun Fangpu". At present, there are more than 1,000 varieties of chrysanthemums, which is one of the most diverse plants among all flower varieties.
Picture 11~12): blue-green chrysanthemum
The leaves of chrysanthemums are usually alternate and vary in shape, from ovate to needle-shaped, with edges or entires or teeth, showing the wonders of nature. The most eye-catching thing is the colorful chrysanthemum flowers.
The inflorescences of chrysanthemums are disc-shaped or radial, with homomorphic florets, all of which are tubular or tongue-shaped, or have special-shaped florets, that is, female flowers on the periphery, tongue-shaped, and tubular flowers of both sexes in the center. The tongue-shaped flowers vary in color, but the tubular flowers are mostly yellow.
Picture 13~14): Chrysanthemums with beautiful appearance
This unique inflorescence structure makes chrysanthemums a unique landscape in the flower world.
Chrysanthemum has the effect of treating "dizziness and swelling pain", "skin numbness", "rheumatism and paralysis" and "bad wind":
The appearance of chrysanthemum is beautiful, not only an ornamental plant, but also a Chinese medicinal material with a long history.
Chrysanthemum has a sweet and bitter taste, slightly cold, returns to the lungs and liver meridians, and has a variety of effects such as dispersing wind and clearing heat, flattening the liver and brightening the eyes, clearing heat and detoxifying.
Picture 15~16): Chrysanthemum in full bloom
In traditional Chinese medicine, chrysanthemum is often used to treat symptoms such as wind, heat, cold, headache, dizziness, redness, swelling and pain, and dizziness.
"Shennong's Materia Medica" contains: "Chrysanthemum, bitter taste, flat. The Lord is full of winds, his head is swollen and painful, his eyes are ready to fall off, and tears come out. Dead skin muscles, rheumatism. Long-term service is good for blood and qi, light body and resistant to aging, and prolongs life. A Jiehua. Ikukawasawa and the fields. This is probably all the efficacy and use of chrysanthemum medicine, which can be known.
Picture 17~18): Pretty yellow chrysanthemum
For the redness, swelling and pain of the eyes caused by hyperactivity of the liver, chrysanthemum can clear the liver heat and brighten the eyes, and is often used in combination with mulberry leaves and cassia seeds. Zhang Yuan said: "(Chrysanthemum) nourishes the liver and blood, and removes the pannul." Wang Haogu said that chrysanthemums "lack the main liver qi".
In addition, chrysanthemum is also rich in vitamin E and flavonoids, which have antioxidant and anti-aging effects, and also have positive effects on protecting cardiovascular health, prolonging life, and enhancing immunity.
Picture 19~20): Chrysanthemums of different forms
The seedlings of chrysanthemums can be used as vegetables, the leaves can be edible, and the flowers can be used as cakes.
In addition to medicinal uses, chrysanthemums also have certain edible value.
In folk, chrysanthemum is often used to make tea and drink, which has the effect of clearing heat and detoxifying, refreshing and refreshing the mind. Different types of chrysanthemum tea, such as yellow chrysanthemum tea, white chrysanthemum tea, etc., each have their own unique taste and efficacy.
In addition, chrysanthemums can also be used to make chrysanthemum cakes, chrysanthemum porridge and other delicacies, which are not only delicious and delicious, but also have the effect of health care. Chrysanthemum contains a variety of nutrients, such as amino acids, vitamins and trace elements, which have a positive effect on improving human immunity and promoting metabolism.
Picture 21~22): multi-colored chrysanthemum
Interesting stories and words of chrysanthemums:
01) The story of "Huang Ju" turned into "Huang Ju":
Huang Tingjian, a great poet and calligrapher of the Northern Song Dynasty, went on an autumn trip with his private classmates when he was young, and saw "yellow chrysanthemums" in a valley. So I happily took it home and put it on my desk.
That night, Mr. Huang felt dizzy, and suddenly smelled the faint "chrysanthemum" fragrance from the flavor, which immediately made him deaf and bright, and his mind fresh.
Pictures 23~24): Colorful chrysanthemums
Later, these chrysanthemums withered, but the color was as moist as new, and the fragrance did not disperse. So, his mother gave him these chrysanthemums and tea leaves. Unexpectedly, this "chrysanthemum tea" tea is fragrant, sweet in the mouth, and has an endless aftertaste. So, Mr. Huang gave his "chrysanthemum tea" to his friends to taste.
Later, when Mr. Huang entered Beijing as a high-ranking official, he recommended this "chrysanthemum tea" to the emperor who led the "Shenzong". After drinking, the leader immediately expressed his attitude and called "Huang Ju" as "Huang Ju". Later, because this kind of "imperial chrysanthemum" is soaked open, the petals are like golden wires, so the folk call "imperial chrysanthemum" "golden silk imperial chrysanthemum".
Picture 25~26): Yellow chrysanthemum
02) The poet Lu You has a soft spot for "chrysanthemums":
According to legend, the Southern Song Dynasty poet Lu You had a soft spot for chrysanthemums, he not only had the habit of picking chrysanthemums to write poems, but also mentioned in the poem that "the head wind makes chrysanthemum pillows, and the feet are paralyzed and leans on quinoa beds". The use of pillows made of chrysanthemums to treat head wind disease shows the unique charm of traditional Chinese medicine culture.
In addition, chrysanthemums are often endowed with a symbol of noble and tenacious character, and have become the object of praise in the writings of literati and ink writers. These interesting stories not only add to the cultural heritage of chrysanthemums, but also make people cherish the treasure of the natural world even more.
Picture 27~28): Chrysanthemum harvest season
Words written at the end of "Chrysanthemum":
Chrysanthemum has become a bright pearl in nature with its unique biological characteristics, wide range of medicinal and edible values, and interesting stories that have been passed down for a long time.
In the days to come, let's continue to explore the mysteries of chrysanthemums and feel the beauty and health it brings. At the same time, I also hope that more people can understand and cherish this gift of nature, so that the beauty of chrysanthemums will bloom forever in the world.
Picture 29~30): Yellow chrysanthemum