In August 2024, the Ministry of Civil Affairs and 21 other departments jointly issued the Action Plan for Strengthening the Care and Protection of Migrant Children, which is the first policy document on care and protection specially formulated for migrant children at the national level, filling the policy gap in the field of people's livelihood protection, promoting equal access to basic public services for migrant children, and strengthening special care services focusing on the needs of migrant children.
The hukou system, which has been difficult to break through for decades, has officially entered the "countdown to death"! The "Decision" of the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China proposed for the first time to "implement the system of providing basic public services through the registration of household registration in the place of permanent residence", and the reform of the household registration system was further promoted. The State Council issued the "Five-Year Action Plan for the In-depth Implementation of the People-oriented New Urbanization Strategy", which made clear arrangements for deepening the reform of the household registration system in the next five years, and proposed to fully implement the requirements for cities with a permanent population of less than 3 million in urban areas to abolish the settlement restrictions. With the advent of the era of "zero threshold settlement", the free flow of population has become a major trend, the population is becoming more and more expensive, and the population, especially the young population, has become the password for the growth of major cities, becoming more sought-after, and migrant children are related to the future of the city. If a place can accelerate the policy innovation and reform of the urbanization of rural migrants, and accelerate the improvement of migrant child welfare services, it will indicate a better future for the city.
The Guangdong Community Network has compiled relevant policy documents and relevant practices of the state, Guangdong and Guangzhou, so that readers can better understand the background and significance of the introduction of the "first" policy, and trigger thinking on how to better build a warm harbor for migrant children.
【National Policy】
Document: Action Plan for Strengthening the Care and Protection of Migrant Children
When: August 2024
Issuing entity: 21 departments including the Ministry of Civil Affairs
Key points: The first policy document on care and protection for migrant children at the national level will effectively promote the strengthening of care and protection for migrant children.
1. Two node goals:
By 2026, policies and systems related to migrant children will be more optimized and sound, care services will be more precise and effective, measures to benefit the people in key areas will be more equal and balanced, children's information ledgers will be more accurate, the grassroots foundation will be more solid and solid, and the overall level of care and protection for migrant children will be significantly improved.
By 2035, remarkable results will be achieved in the care and protection of migrant children, with a comprehensive and complete care and protection system, a more equal and high-quality provision of basic public services, and a comprehensive protection of the rights and interests of migrant children's physical and mental health development.
First, for the first time, migrant children were included in the scope of national care and protection. The Action Plan is the first policy document on care and protection specially formulated for migrant children at the national level, which fills the policy gap in the field of people's livelihood security, and is of great significance for guiding all localities to thoroughly study and implement the spirit of the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, further improve the system and mechanism of urban-rural integrated development, comprehensively improve the level of modernization of social governance, promote the equal enjoyment of basic public services and convenience by migrant children in their places of residence, and better protect the legitimate rights and interests of children.
Second, for the first time, the work objectives of strengthening the care and protection of migrant children have been clarified. By 2026, the policies and systems related to migrant children will be more optimized and sound, care services will be more accurate and effective, measures to benefit the people in key areas will be more equal and balanced, children's information ledgers will be more accurate, the grassroots foundation will be more solid and solid, and the overall level of care and protection for migrant children will be significantly improved. By 2035, remarkable results will be achieved in the care and protection of migrant children, with a comprehensive and complete care and protection system, a more equal and high-quality provision of basic public services, and a comprehensive protection of the rights and interests of migrant children's physical and mental health development.
Third, for the first time, we will deploy and carry out accurate monitoring and mapping of migrant children. The Action Plan clarifies that minors under the age of 16 who leave their place of household registration with both or one of their parents or other guardians and live in a different place across counties for more than 6 months and are under the age of 16 will be included in the scope of monitoring and mapping of migrant children. It is required that for migrant children who are found to have difficulties in family life, their own disabilities, lack of guardianship, vagrancy, or psychological and behavioral abnormalities, as well as migrant children who have taken the initiative to ask for assistance and assistance, establish an information ledger of key care service recipients, make regular visits, strengthen care and protection, and protect their lawful rights and interests.
Fourth, for the first time, the key tasks of strengthening the care and protection of migrant children have been clarified. In terms of protecting rights and interests, we will promote equal access to basic public services such as education, medical care, and livelihood security between migrant children and children in their places of residence; In terms of care services, we will focus on strengthening care and support for migrant children and their families from four dimensions: improving the level of family education guidance, providing mental health care services, strengthening spiritual and cultural life services, and carrying out urban integration services.
Fifth, for the first time, the Basic List of Care Services for Migrant Children in Their Place of Residence was established. The specific contents of 19 care services for migrant children were sorted out from six aspects: childcare, learning and education, medical treatment for the sick, housing and housing, support for the weak, and development guarantee. All localities are required to draft and publish a list of care services for migrant children in their respective regions in accordance with the "Basic List", clarifying the specific service targets, projects, content, and so forth, with coverage and degree of realization not lower than the requirements of the "Basic List", and making dynamic adjustments based on factors such as the level of local economic and social development and financial situation, and promptly revising and publishing. All localities are required to strengthen the publicity and interpretation of the list, so that families of migrant children can more fully understand the specific content and better enjoy the policy dividends.
【Guangdong Policy】
Document: Guangdong Provincial Children's Development Plan (2021-2030)
When: December 2021
Issued by: Guangdong Provincial People's Government
Key points: Formulate key objectives and strategic measures from the seven major development areas. Among them, in the field of "children and health", the health management of key groups such as orphans, migrant children, left-behind children and children in difficult circumstances has been strengthened. In the field of "children and education", we will further improve the school policy for the children of cross-regional workers, promote equal access to pre-school, compulsory and high school education, and ensure that eligible migrant children can successfully take the college entrance examination in the places of inflow. In the field of "children and welfare", in order to achieve the goal of a more complete service mechanism for migrant children, it is necessary to strengthen the dynamic management and categorical protection of children, improve the service mechanism for migrant children, improve the management and service network that relies on the community and is oriented to the families of migrant children, and promote the community integration of migrant children and their families.
【Guangzhou Policy】
Document: "Notice on Doing a Good Job in Compulsory Education for the Children of Migrants to Guangzhou"
Time: Effective September 1, 2023, valid for 5 years
Issued by: Guangzhou Municipal Education Bureau
Key points: 1. It is no longer uniformly clarified that the "children of residence permit holders who have continuously lived in the location of the application area and paid social insurance premiums (one of the types of insurance) in accordance with the law in our city for 5 years, have a stable occupation, and meet the family planning policy" in the original "Implementation Opinions" are no longer uniformly clarified as the objects of overall arrangement of degrees, and are adjusted to clarify the relevant guaranteed enrollment objects or conditions by each district in light of the actual situation.
2. "From 2024 onwards, the total number of private school degree services purchased by each district shall not exceed 50% of the total number of migrant children enrolled in the jurisdiction of the current year", guiding and urging all districts to run and strengthen compulsory education public schools, providing more public school places for migrant children, and the proportion of migrant children studying in private schools in the total number of migrant children in the jurisdiction shall not be higher than 50%.
3. Further emphasize the state's policy of "two mains, two inclusions, and one basis" for migrant children to receive compulsory education, and increase the requirements for districts to provide guidance for migrant children who need to enroll in private compulsory education schools on their own, and do a good job in enrolling migrant children in the areas of inflow.
Document: "Implementation Opinions of Guangzhou Municipal Education Bureau on Deepening the Reform of the School Examination Enrollment System at the High School Level"
Time: Effective January 30, 2023
Issued by: Guangzhou Municipal Education Bureau
Essentials:
1. Non-Guangzhou junior high school graduates who have a complete three-year junior high school registration in our city and have one of the following residence certificates can apply for public and private ordinary high schools and secondary vocational schools in our city. (1) One parent or other guardian holds a valid "Residence Permit of Guangdong Province" issued in Guangzhou; (2) One of the parents, other guardians or the candidate himself or herself holds a valid "Residence Permit for Hong Kong and Macao Residents" or "Permanent Residence Identity Card for Foreigners" issued in Guangzhou; Non-Guangzhou household registration graduates who do not meet the above conditions, but have the registration of junior high schools in our city, can apply for private ordinary high schools and secondary vocational schools in our city.
2. The plan for provincial, municipal and district public high schools to recruit non-Guangzhou municipal junior high school graduates who are not under policy care is 8% to 18% of the school's enrollment plan for the current year.
【Local practices】
Guangdong: "Diversified Dream Classroom" improves the artistic literacy of migrant children
In August 2024, the Guangdong Provincial Department of Civil Affairs launched the "Hand in Hand Operation" in six cities: Shantou, Shaoguan, Jiangmen, Yangjiang, Zhaoqing, and Qingyuan. Among them, the "Diversified Dream Classroom" care service brand project is mainly carried out in Jiangmen, implemented by Guangzhou Qichuang Social Work Service Center, which will provide more than 1,000 migrant children aged 6-12, children in distress and other children in need with online + offline integrated diversified art learning courses, including music, art, dance, STEAM maker, etc., so that children can obtain artistic enlightenment, improve aesthetic accomplishment, and grow into confident, expressive and creative people.
Guangzhou: All districts have jointly built a care network for children in Laisui
In September 2024, the Guangzhou Pilot Project for Psychological Assistance for Distressed, Migrant and Left-behind Children was launched, which is a sub-project of the "Mid-Autumn Festival Dream Realization Action" brand launched by the Guangzhou Uninsured Center for 19 consecutive years, aiming to provide mental health care services for the city's distressed, migrant and left-behind children and their guardians. The service content mainly includes inviting experts to provide professional psychological counseling and case services for children in need, migrants and left-behind children, and carrying out key publicity and education activities with minors' mental health knowledge, rapid risk assessment skills, crisis situation handling, etc. Experts will be invited to record a series of empowerment courses on adolescent mental health knowledge, the discovery and handling of crisis cases, etc.
Baiyun District –
The number of people in Baiyun District accounts for three-quarters of the actual population of the district. In recent years, Baiyun District has built the brand of "Lerong Baiyun", linked the resources of multiple departments, and launched a series of high-quality service activities and projects to help people in Guangzhou to integrate into Baiyun more actively and realize their dreams in Baiyun. Among them, "Lerong Baiyun Little Migratory Birds", as a sub-brand of "Lerong Baiyun", mainly provides "little migratory birds" in Laisui with a variety of forms of · and rich care service activities, including safety protection (such as fire safety, drowning prevention, emergency rescue, anti-drug rule of law publicity and other topics), education and assistance (such as providing free tutoring, scientific experiments, cultural and sports training and other educational services for children in Laisui), parent-child summer camps, red studies, intangible cultural heritage experiences, etc., bringing warmth to Laisui children with practical actions. Create a good atmosphere of caring for migrants and their children, promote the concept of integration and care for people in Guangzhou to be widely disseminated and deeply rooted in the hearts of the people, and improve the sense of gain and happiness of migrants, so as to truly integrate into the city and participate in the construction of the city.
Haizhu District——
In 2021, the 8th Guangzhou Social Organization Venture Capital Project "Love Unlimited· Heart-to-Heart Care" helps Healthy China - Building a Growth Road Together, and the psychological support project for migrant children is based on improving the mental health quality and mental health problems of migrant children from migrant families in Huangpu Ancient Village, supplemented by family education and relying on the campus community, to gradually improve their growth environment and promote their better integration into urban life.
Zengcheng District——
Since May 2023, the Minor Protection Workstation of Xintang Town, Zengcheng District, combined with the needs of children in Laisui, has passed seven service sections of the "new" system of migratory birds: Migratory Bird E Home (establishing a smart juvenile protection cloud system), Migratory Bird Companionship (building a parent-child communication platform for Laisui), Migratory Bird Classroom (with the help of the Xintang Town Smart Social Work Station Library, building a culturally immersed learning platform for children), Migratory Bird Energy Storage (organizing safety education activities and theme presentations), Legal protection of migratory birds (regularly carry out legal publicity theme activities and lectures on laws and regulations), migratory birds heart words (carry out mental health lectures), and protect the "XIN" team (set up a team of volunteers to protect the "new" and regularly provide care services for children in Guangzhou), and carry out multi-dimensional, multi-level, accurate and high-quality services. At the same time, the station has been upgraded to create a children's entertainment and education service place in Laisui, and four functional areas have been set up, including the Migratory Bird Guardian Home, the Migratory Bird Wisdom Castle, the Migratory Bird Children's Heart Paradise, and the Migratory Bird Soul Station, so that children and their parents can feel the atmosphere of community acceptance, tolerance and support.
Tianhe District——
In March 2024, under the guidance of the Guangzhou Civil Affairs Bureau, the Guangzhou Volunteer Association launched a series of activities to learn from Lei Feng in 2024, among which, in Tianhe District, the governance of urban villages will be combined with the public welfare services of Laisui children, providing a variety of interest classes and parent-child interaction activities for Laisui children, and creating a child-friendly growth space in Laisui.
Panyu District——
Launched in 2021, the "Children's Dreams Together" service plan for migrant children in distress actively explores the service model of "social worker + volunteer + local children", carries out interesting English learning and child safety education activities, promotes the integration of local and migrant children, and builds a social support network for inclusive children. Carry out academic support services to improve the learning ability of migrant children in difficulty; Pay attention to the safety of migrant children in difficulty, raise their awareness of safety and self-protection, and promote the healthy growth of migrant children in difficulty.
Nansha District——
In June 2024, the "Nansha District Migrant Children's Family Protection Project" was launched, which will be piloted in Nansha District to promote child-centered working methods, improve the quality of migrant children's family protection, and provide them with high-quality family services and emotional support.
Hangzhou: The province's first 10 town and street observation points are to care for migrant children
In May 2024, the 10 town and street observation points of Hangzhou's migrant child care service were officially released. These 10 observation points are the first of their kind in the province, and are set up in towns (streets) where migrant children are relatively concentrated, with the township and street juvenile protection stations as service positions, to further grasp the base number of migrant children in their jurisdictions and all aspects related to the overall development of children, and to implement various child care and protection policies, share basic public services, and link departments to participate.
Shanghai Changning North Xinjing Street: Online + Offline + Charity Assistance
Online, the Beixinjing Street Uninsured Station carried out simple screening and rescue for migrant children, and through the online "community cloud", children's voices could be heard and their needs could be taken into account. Offline, the rescue consultants and children's directors of "Xin Guardian" are like relatives, stepping out of the "iron footboard" to listen to their voices and solve their confusion and problems. "Home-school-community-medicine" is regularly linked to ensure that children are solid and powerful at every step on the road to growth. At the same time, the station set up a "Charity Alliance" and launched the "Alliance for Love" program to attract more caring enterprises and people to integrate into charity assistance and provide necessary material support for children.
Tianshan Road Street, Changning, Shanghai: Five actions to improve care services for migrant children
Tianshan Road Street promotes the physical and mental health and all-round development of migrant children through five actions: the action of consolidating the foundation and strengthening the foundation, the action of improving spirit, the action of targeted assistance, the action of improving the quality of guardianship, and the action of safety protection. Among them, the "Tianshan Road Street Protection and Care Map for Minors" was released, the "New Nest of Spring" activity was launched, and migrant children and parents were organized to visit uninsured stations and children's service points in the jurisdiction; Launched the "Summer Dance" series of summer activities, focusing on the five themes of "Red Light Leading, Blue Light Growth, Green Light Volunteering, Orange Light Governance, and White Light Escort", which are open to migrant children and attract their families to participate; Launched the theme activity of "Autumn Growth", relying on the "T3 Parent Classroom" brand, carried out a parent class for migrant children, and organized migrant children to participate in self-directed and self-performed children's dramas under the "T3 Star Yao Troupe" brand; Launched the "Winter Prospects" winter camp activity, and professional teachers from the Changning District Mental Health Center guided children to defeat "games" with "games" and prevent Internet addiction.
Yangqiao Street, Songming County, Kunming: Ten caring actions to serve migrant children
Yangqiao Street is a typical area for migrant inflow. In recent years, Yangqiao Street, Songming County, has taken the management service of migrant children as one of the livelihood topics to focus on, and has created a good growth environment for migrant children in the jurisdiction with the linkage of "community + social worker + social organization + community volunteer + community public welfare and charity", and launched the establishment of 2 streets + 12 community migrant children's homes, the establishment of the "Colorful Children's Walk" special care fund, the "Family Education Promotion Law" and the "Law on the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency" and other rule of law lectures, and the "Three Letters Activity". Carry out parent-child activities such as reading and interactive games and team performances between migrant children and their families, hold themed friendship activities between migrant children and local children, and carry out volunteer service activities such as free haircuts and physical examinations and summer public welfare classes.
In their daily activities, social workers guide migrant children to visit the elderly in the community and provide services for the elderly. The street formed the "Children's Walking with You Council" in the form of open recruitment and selection. From the perspective of children, there are 9 representatives of migrant children, who put forward community issues, discuss solutions, and formulate action plans from the perspective of children, so as to effectively promote the diversity of community governance subjects.
Huancui District, Weihai, Shandong: "Diversified and Integrated" Migrant Children Care and Protection Service Mechanism
By improving the mode of government-led, departmental linkage, government-social coordination, and voluntary participation, Huancui District, Weihai City, Shandong Province, has actively explored the ecological construction of county-level care and protection services for migrant children, formed a "pluralistic and integrated" migrant child care and protection service mechanism, innovated the ecological construction of multi-participation migrant child services, and became an excellent innovation case of civil affairs work in Shandong Province in 2021. Among them, the "Hope Paradise" migrant children project was selected as a demonstration project of the "Partnership Program" of the National Youth Social Organization of the Central Committee of the Communist Youth League, and became a model volunteer service project serving migrant children.
Dongguan Street, Lixia District, Jinan, Shandong: "Six-in-one" migrant child care system
Relying on the social work station to comprehensively map the overall situation of migrant children in 8 communities, and with the support of "community + social worker + social organization + community volunteer + social welfare and charity resources", the street has set up a migrant child care service team to form a "six-in-one" care system of whole-person growth, urban exploration, family empowerment, community integration, school support, and policy advocacy.
The street has built a service position for migrant children with a total area of 1,000 square meters, and explored the characteristic brand of "Yitong Escort" and the working mechanism of "123N" [i.e., 1 platform, 2 special projects ("United Family Children's Fun" family support project, "Yilu Tongxing" whole-person growth project), 3 supports (policy finding, resource integration, talent empowerment), and N service projects].
Editor: Guangdong Community Network · Build a better life in the Bay Area