What are the stories of Zhang Yi in history?

Mr. Zhang Yi, Chief Designer of China Antarctic Great Wall Station, Zhongshan Station, Kunlun Station, and Arctic Yellow River Station; At present, he is the first person in polar architecture in China.

On November 20, 2008, the 25th Chinese Antarctic scientific expedition aboard the "Snow Dragon" research ship set off at the Shanghai Polar Wharf, in all the tasks of this Antarctic expedition, the most important one is to establish the first scientific research station in the interior of China's Antarctica and the Kunlun Station in China's Antarctica on the highest point of the Antarctic ice sheet. As the "Snow Dragon" research ship began to advance towards the South Pole, there was a person who was not on board, but he also began to continue to be nervous. My mobile phone has never been open 24 hours a day, I will give you an example, that year I returned to China from the Great Wall Station through Paris, and then I received a call from the inland in Paris, asking myself a construction problem, I said how can you know that this number can get through, he said we checked your itinerary, when you are in Paris, this period you got off the plane, should turn on the mobile phone, I think this earth is so small, but it is particularly difficult for them to call over there, to satellite turnover several times, I call myself every night at nine o'clock, which is a time that is acceptable to both of us after the time difference is subtracted, and I make a phone call for an hour and a half every night to discuss and communicate the situation of the day, so if I don't go to the scene, I have to call and communicate often.

The highest point of the Antarctic ice sheet, also known as Ice Dome A, is an area that contains mysterious information about the earth and is of great scientific value to every country. In the interior of Antarctica, it is an excellent place for a lot of scientific research, such as this kind of deep ice core drilling, for example, astronomical observations, and their observatory says that this place is the best observation place on earth after the Hubble telescope near the Earth, and the air is very clean, without any dust, so the visibility is very good. If an expedition station is established in Ice Dome A, it will help scientists to carry out scientific expeditions in the interior of Antarctica, such as subglacial mountain drilling, astronomical and geomagnetic observations, and satellite remote sensing data reception. The entire 4,200-meter altitude, the ice is more than 3,000 meters thick, which means that this house is completely built on the ice sheet, the lowest temperature is minus 83 degrees, ordinary steel will show cold brittleness and lose mechanical properties at such a low temperature, that's it, it's so difficult, and then the altitude of 4,200 meters Its atmospheric pressure is about 0.56 times the normal atmospheric pressure, which is equivalent to the oxygen content of about 5,000 meters in our Qinghai-Tibet region, so in that place, if you have a lot of construction work, This worker will not be able to stand it, and there will be problems.

As the chief designer of China's Kunlun Station in Antarctica, although Zhang Yi did not go to Antarctica with the expedition team, he has been paying more attention to the movements of the expedition than anyone else since the day the ship set off. More than 20 days after the expedition team set off, the Xuelong research ship came to a sea ice area close to the Antarctic continent. At that time, they were in a hurry when the materials could not be transported, so they immediately called themselves to discuss what we could do, which parts we should build first, which ones to build later, or what to replace, and kept calling themselves from the snow dragon ship to discuss this matter. Zhang Yi said that the construction of Kunlun Station in Antarctica is a race against time, because in Antarctica, people can only have two months of outdoor activities in summer, if you exclude the time between the inland team to and from the base camp of Zhongshan Station and the site of Kunlun Station, then the construction time left for the inland team members is only more than 20 days, so the construction materials on the Xuelong ship are transported one day late, which means that the construction time of the team members is one day less. So this piece is very troublesome, very nervous at the time, just say how to be able to transport these building materials to the inland departure base in time, this is the most dangerous thing at that time, this time has been reduced a lot, so it is equal to the time on the site, the actual construction cycle is reduced, everyone is under great pressure, the pressure on the construction site is very great, whether this house can be built, this is amazing, this is related to the image of the country. In fact, before the construction of Kunlun Station, Zhang Yi had already participated in the reconstruction and expansion of the Great Wall Station in Antarctica and Zhongshan Station in Antarctica. The Great Wall Station and Zhongshan were built in 1984 and 1988 respectively, and after entering the 21st century, these two research stations have exceeded the service life of the design at that time, and the harsh natural conditions of Antarctica have accelerated the aging of the infrastructure of the research station, and there are more and more damaged and scrapped facilities, which has brought a lot of inconvenience to the work and life of the expedition members. The air over there, the sea breeze, it carries this kind of thing with salt, it is very corroded, so in the early days, these anticorrosive coatings or something in our country are definitely not so advanced, and then the annual maintenance may sometimes be a little bit unable to keep up, so the house is very corroded, it is said that one year, when a delegation went to visit, the floor collapsed, that is, the rust was very bad, it is equal to no heat preservation, equal to the air conditioning directly from the bottom up, so you stay in the house, The top may be more than ten degrees, and the ground is frozen, this is so terrible, it is said that at that time there was a Russia station director sitting there and gave frostbite, that is, it was hot above and cold underneath. Therefore, in 2002, the Polar Expedition Office of the State Oceanic Administration commissioned the Architectural Design and Research Institute of Tsinghua University to help set up a design team to re-plan and design China's existing Antarctic research station, and this important task fell on Zhang Yi's shoulders. At that time, I was thirty-five years old, and at that time, the hospital was discussing it, and I thought it was most appropriate to send myself there, and it was very easy for me to go to that place, because one was that this person had to be a little younger, because he was older, and his body might not be able to stand it; The other one can't be too young, because it's challenging. Zhang Yi is a person who likes to challenge himself, he has become the director of the creative office of the Institute of Architecture of Tsinghua University at the age of 27, and has designed part of the campus planning of Tsinghua University, the new building of Wangfujing Department Store and other buildings, which can be described as an experienced designer, but when he began to work on the research and design of polar architecture, he found that all his previous design experience would be almost completely unfeasible if he was copied to Antarctica. For example, we are in the country, whether the house is good or not, it depends on the appearance of whether it is good or not, this almost everyone has become a stereotype, I always describe the design of Antarctica, it is a return to the original design, what is the building, the building should be solid, practical, beautiful, now many people feel as if this is a useless, outdated, but you are in Antarctica, you will find that these three sentences are too useful, the first is to be strong, you can't be buried by snow, blown down by the wind, burned by fire, this is first of all to be strong and safe, For example, in the past, our early house was a lot of small containers, maybe a lot, but these containers were scattered, so in winter, everyone is really reluctant to run from one container to another, really sometimes a meal has to go over a six-meter-high snow slope, who do you say, the young man often eats some instant noodles, he is willing to deal with it, so this is convenient, convenient or inconvenient, it is practical.

In 2002, Zhang Yi began to be responsible for the re-planning and design of China's existing Antarctic research station, but at this time he found that the domestic and international information on the design of the Antarctic research station was very limited, and the specification and system theory of the construction of the polar research station were completely blank, in order to collect relevant information on the Antarctic architecture, in December 2002, Zhang Yi set foot on the Antarctic continent for the first time. When we first went to the Great Wall Station, we said that when we saw the Great Wall Station for the first time, we felt that it was heaven, the sky was blue, the sea was blue, the snow was white, and the only superfluous thing was ourselves, which was very, very pure, very, very beautiful. I went in at the beginning of December, and the snow was still very thick, and we were driving there on a snowmobile, and there was a bunch of penguins leading the way in front of us, which was just beautiful. But Antarctica has its very bad side, so we often sometimes look at photos to see anything, so beautiful, this thing, but is Antarctica really like this, he is not, 99% of the time in Antarctica may be very, very bad, can't come out to take pictures, leisurely wandering around, we just come out 1% of the time to take a lot of beautiful photos, don't think that Antarctica is always so good-looking. In 2002, Zhang Yi visited more than a dozen Antarctic research stations in more than a dozen countries and obtained a large number of first-hand information. For example, when I went to the station in Australia, we took thousands of photos for a few hours, and there were large recordings, and we came back to study these things, and the research was not only to go to the scientific research station, sometimes we also ran to people's countries, that is, when they were pre-assembled in China, we went to the site to communicate with them, then you can see what this structure is about; So what is the other kind, the international polar conference, the polar conference sometimes go to fully communicate with the technical personnel of other countries, they are actually quite enthusiastic, the key is whether you can ask the point, in fact, there are some questions you ask, a sentence you know what is going on, but this must have a heart.

After visiting a number of Antarctic research stations and conducting in-depth research, Zhang Yi gradually formed his own ideas. In the past, when they built the station, there were two problems, that is, there were two problems when using materials, first, if you only use insulation materials, such as polyurethane or this polystyrene board, it is not fireproof, this is very dangerous, this material is on fire, and the whole station will be burned out, which is very, very dangerous; In the other case, you use rock wool in order to prevent fire, and rock wool is not waterproof, so in the end, in fact, we were equivalent to creating a structural form, that is, our system, that is, the outer protection system, in fact, it is definitely a particularly good innovation, we are polyurethane metal sandwich panels outside, its thermal insulation performance is particularly good, and it is not afraid of water, so what is inside, is the rock wool board, what is the rock wool board, it is afraid of water, but you do not touch the outside, and its fire performance is particularly good, It will definitely not burn out in this hour, because the Antarctic research station, its fire is burned from the inside, so the rock wool board is placed in the innermost. So what is placed in the middle of the two layers of boards, and what is placed is the steel structure.

The composite structure designed by Zhang Yi can not only make the station achieve good thermal insulation and fire performance, but also greatly improve from the perspective of strong and wind-resistant. At the Antarctic research station, for example, the wind of more than 30 meters per second is very common, and the typhoon level is very common, so the house we used to have in the past was trembling at this time of more than 30 meters per second, and our newly built house, the Great Wall Station, has been able to resist the wind of more than 40 meters per second, and then to Zhongshan Station to resist the wind of 64 meters per second, and the instantaneous direct wind You think about the wind of more than 60 meters per second, how much wind.

Although the climate of Antarctica is very harsh, on the other hand, the natural environment of Antarctica is very fragile, and it is precisely because it is the continent that has suffered the least human damage that environmental protection must be the first priority when establishing a scientific research station in Antarctica. In Zhang Yi's view, the gas emissions along the way from thousands of miles to China are the biggest pollution to Antarctica, so improving the service life and efficiency of Antarctic buildings is also a kind of protection for the Antarctic environment. We are a double-layer structure, so this house has almost unlimited service life, what concept, that is, our steel structure is completely sealed inside, so it will not be eroded by the sun and rain, saline wind, then when the outer layer of your house this board to the use of the age, for example, we are now using fluorocarbon board, I want to use twenty-five Chinese New Year's Eve is okay, even if the middle is broken, then we can remove the outer layer of the board, add another layer, why can it be removed? Because I am a double-layer structure, when you dismantle the outer board, the inside of the board will not change, which means that when you dismantle, you will not affect the work inside, normal use, and before it was a single-layer board, a single layer of board outside may add a little gypsum board and the like, as soon as you demolish the entire exterior wall, the house will be completely finished, so it is very troublesome, so after we adopt this approach, it is equivalent to the sustainable development of this house. In addition, Zhang Yi has improved the heating mode of the station, which has greatly improved the energy saving level of the station. The original research station it used electric heating, electric heating when you generate electricity, that is, from fuel to electricity, this efficiency may be more than 30%, and then electricity into heat and more than 90%, the two of them together is less than 30% efficiency, this efficiency is so high, if you turn it into boiler heating, you directly this thermal efficiency can reach more than 80%, that is, you directly increased three times, in fact, the biggest contribution of our new house, is that the energy-saving standard has been improved too much, unit energy consumption, I went to check it that year, and it was about eight times higher, and if I consider the heat source transformation in the future, it will probably increase by more than 20 times, which is very, very amazing. Now the scale of the station area is two to three times larger than in the past, the indoor temperature and comfort are higher than in the past, and the total energy consumption is lower than in the past, which is a huge environmental protection measure. After the reconstruction, the station area of the Great Wall Station has reached more than 1,700 square meters, and the area of Zhongshan Station has been expanded to more than 3,800 square meters, and the facilities of these two stations have reached the world-class level. In fact, from the aspect of energy saving, the larger the house, the better the physical energy coefficient, the more conducive to energy saving, why in Antarctica everyone does not build a big house, that is, in Antarctica its construction conditions are too bad, that is, you want to do, but how can you make it, in such a short construction period, in fact, we have also done a lot of research for this thing, it is not only design, it also has some research and investigation work, and then it is equivalent to establishing a design system, design strategy, Then, according to different strategies, we try to improve the living environment as much as possible as far as possible. At that time, I remember that a group of college students went, looked at the islands near the entire Great Wall Station, said that the Chinese research station was too good, absolutely the best, and then after the president of Chile went, they sent us an invitation letter by the commander-in-chief of the Chile Air Force that year, let us fly over in the year of the Olympic Games, and discussed with them, and designed another one for them as it was, and they were so envious that we built this house quietly, and immediately stunned him, and this house was built quickly and well, and it is said that the photos they took, There are more photos than we took, and they have someone who comes here every day to record the construction process, and they find that the house is changing every day, just a few people, the whole seems to feel that there are three or four people on the construction site outside, and the result is that the house is the same day by day, day by day, and the result is a summer period, two or three months after the house is built, they are very surprised. It is after we finished the construction of the Great Wall Station, we always described the Great Wall Station, in fact, it is a window for China's Antarctic expedition, whether it is foreign people, or our domestic delegations come very much, such as the Secretary-General of the United Nations, the royal family of various countries or something, often go to the Great Wall Station, it is a window for foreign exchanges, we can now say without hesitation, the Great Wall Station is the best station on King George Island.